《终极英语会话》


 前言

    前言随着当今社会日新月异的发展，英语已然成为世界范围内应用最广泛的语言。在日常生活、职场办公中，抑或是在人际交往中，实用地道的英语口语都是必不可少的。英语学习与教育的重要性，正日益受到关注。然而，有时候我们或许会沮丧地发现，纵然英语语法、常用词汇已经牢记在心，但是到需要开口交流时，要么头脑空白、张口无言，要么说得磕磕绊绊、语不成句，让对方不知所云，甚至贻笑大方。
    究其根源，我们平时的英语学习，大多是以单词为基础，以应试为目的，以至于忽视了学以致用。很多人难以摆脱中式思维的影响，总是不由自主地想把中文的逻辑放在英语表达中。我们必须要清楚的是，真正的英语学习，是为了进行日常交流服务的。要想说出一口流利地道的英语，实用口语表达的积累也就成为必然的过程。如果有一本全面系统的实用会话书作为辅助，英语口语的学习与应用自然就会事半功倍。
    《终极英语会话》就是这样的一本实用学习书。本书囊括日常生活、职场生涯、公共服务、休闲娱乐和人际交往5个主题，全面收录日常生活中的交际场景，并详细罗列实用表达，共包含了1000句左右地道的英语句型。为求口语表达的多样性，方便学习者灵活运用，本书针对每个核心句型都精心编写了相关的补充内容。“学学这样说”“应用对话”“解析”“语法tips”“常用单词”“补充短语”和“随机测验”7大板块，随机附注，适时取舍，丰富学习内容，也避免了传统编排的单一枯燥，增强了学习的趣味性。
    衷心希望本书能给广大学习者带来切实的帮助。当然，本书在编写过程中难免会有不足之处，恳请广大读者批评指正。
    编者语

 使用说明

使用说明

 询问路线

    询问路线
    01 he doesn't have a clue where he might be.
    他对那个地方一无所知。
    解析 ▲ clue作名词时，意思为“线索”，通常构成词组not have a clue，表示“毫无头绪，一无所知”，常用于口语中。具有相似含义的表达还包括have no clue，know nothing at all等。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm new here. 我刚来这里。
    2. sorry, but i'm a stranger here myself. 抱歉，我也是外地人。
    3. i'm very familiar with this area. 我很熟悉这个地区。
    4. this area is familiar to me. 我熟悉这个地区。
    补充短语
    be familiar with... 熟悉……
    be familiar to... 为……所熟知
    02 the post office is on the first floor.
    邮局在一楼。
    语法tips
    在美式英语中，first floor表示“一楼”；在英式英语中，ground floor表示“一楼”，first floor则表示“二楼”，要注意区分。
    学学这样说
    1. the bank is on the right of the road. 银行在马路的右边。
    2. it's on the opposite side of city hall. 它正对着市政厅。
    3. you'll see it on the corner on your left. 你往左拐就能看见。
    4. it's between the bookstore and the drugstore. 在书店和药店之间。
    5. it's at the end of this street. 在这条街的尽头。
    应用对话
    steven: can you tell me where the nearest post office is?
    tina: of course. go straight ahead. the post office is on the first floor.
    史蒂文：你能告诉我最近的邮局在哪里吗？
    蒂娜：当然可以。一直往前走，邮局就在一楼。
    03 turn left at the fork of the crossroads.
    到十字路口走左边的岔道。
    常用单词
    left [left] n. 左边；adj. 左边的
    fork [f?:k] n. 分岔口，餐叉
    crossroads ['kr?sr??dz] n. 十字路口，交叉路口
    随机测验
    a: how can i get to the nearest post office?
    b: go straight ahead and _____ right at the next street.
    a. to turn b. turning c. will turn d. turn
    翻译
    a：你能告诉我最近的邮局在哪里吗？
    b：一直往前走，在下个街口右转。
    答案：d
    提示：在由and连接的并列句中，and前后的动词时态保持一致。
    04 it's not far from here.
    离这儿不远。
    解析 ▲ far from的意思是“远离，远远不”，介词from后面通常跟名词、名词词组或代词，表示“远离某地”，相当于far away from等。
    学学这样说
    1. is it far? 离这儿远吗？
    2. am i close to the 5th avenue? 我离第五大道近吗？
    3. how long will it take? 要花多长时间？
    4. how far is it? 有多远？
    5. is this the shortcut? 这是条近路吗？
    补充短语
    be close to... 接近……
    05 it's only about five minutes' walk.
    走路大约只需要5分钟。
    常用单词
    minute ['m?n?t] n. 分钟，片刻，会议记录
    walk [w?:k] n.行走，散步；v. 步行
    语法tips
    在英语中，可以用所有格来表示走某段路程所需要花费的时间，如five minutes' walk就表示“步行五分钟”，也可以用a five-minute walk来表达。
    应用对话
    steven: is it far?
    tina: no, it's only about five minutes' walk.
    史蒂文：离这儿远吗？
    蒂娜：不远，走路大约只需要5分钟。
    06 it's more convenient for you to take a taxi there.
    你乘出租车到那儿比较方便。
    语法tips
    介词by和动词take通常与名词搭配，构成表示出行方式的词组，如“乘火车”可以表达为by train或是take a train，“乘飞机”可以表达为by plane或是take the flight等，要灵活运用。
    学学这样说
    1. do you know how i can get there? 你知道我怎么才能到达那里吗？
    2. you can take any bus on the other side of the street.
    你可以在街对面乘坐任何一辆公共汽车。
    3. why not take the subway? 为何不搭乘地铁？
    4. which type of transportation should i take to get there?
    我应该乘坐哪种交通工具到达那里呢？
    5. which is better to go there, by bus or by bike?
    去那里的话乘公交车好还是骑自行车好？
    补充短语
    on the other side of... 在……的另一边
    take the subway 乘地铁

 出行方式

    出行方式
    01 where is the nearest bus station?
    最近的公交车站在哪儿？
    语法tips
    在英语里，bus stop和bus station均可表示“公交车站”。但这两个短语仍有细微区别：bus stop侧重于指“公共汽车停靠站”，其占地面积小于station。bus stop在美国比较通用，而在英国习惯使用bus station。在现代英语中，二者一般可以通用。
    学学这样说
    1. where is the bus stop for the palace museum?
    去故宫博物院的公交汽车站在哪里？
    2. excuse me, where is the no.2 bus? 打扰一下，2路车停在哪里？
    3. which bus should i take if i go to the palace museum?
    要去故宫博物院的话，我应该乘哪路车？
    4. are there any other buses for that direction? 还有其他的公交车开往那个方向吗？
    5. you can take any bus going north. 你可以乘坐往北开的任何一辆公共汽车。
    6. it stops at the corner of the songshan road. 它停在嵩山路的拐角处。
    应用对话
    steven: where is the nearest bus station?
    tina: it's at the crossing of ruida road and funiu road.
    史蒂文：最近的公交车站在哪儿？
    蒂娜：在瑞达路和福牛路的交叉口。
    02 where do i get off for the beach?
    去海滩的话要在哪里下车呢？
    解析 ▲ 词组get off有“下公共汽车（火车、飞机等）”之意，若表示“上公共汽车（火车等）”可以用get on。这两个词组既可单独使用，也可在后面接具体的交通工具，如get on the bus。
    常用单词
    where [we?(r)] adv. 哪里，在哪里，到哪里
    beach [bi:t?] n. 海滩，海滨
    学学这样说
    1. how many stops are there to central avenue? 到中央大街有几站？
    2. should i get off at the next stop? 下一站我该下车吗？
    3. it's the fourth stop from here. 离这儿有4站。
    4. i'll get you off when you get there. 到站时我会通知你下车的。
    5. you can get off at the next stop, then you can take the no.5 bus to your destination. 你在下一站下车，然后乘坐5路公交车就可以到达目的地。
    6. this is where you get off. 你该下车了。
    03 is it a long ride?
    要坐很久吗？
    常用单词
    long [l??] adj. 长的，长时间的，冗长的
    ride [ra?d] n. 旅行，乘，骑
    学学这样说
    1. how often do the buses run? 多长时间一趟车？
    2. when is the next bus, please? 请问下一班什么时候？
    3. when does the bus leave? 这趟公交车什么时候开？
    4. could you please tell me when you get to the central park?
    到中心公园时你能告诉我一声吗？
    应用对话
    steven: is it a long ride?
    bus driver: no, not that long. two more stops, and you'll get off, sir.
    史蒂文：要坐很久吗？
    公交司机：不太久。先生，再有两站，你就可以下车了。
    04 where should i transfer to go to zhongshan station?
    去中山站我要到哪里转车？
    解析 ▲ transfer作动词，有“（使）转乘，（使）换乘”之意，可以构成短语transfer from...to...，表示“从……换乘到……”。其主语通常为人，并且该动词既可用主动形式，也可用被动形式，即sb transfer to或sb be transferred to。
    学学这样说
    1. do i have to transfer on the way? 我必须在中途转车吗？
    2. where am i supposed to transfer? 我应该在哪里换乘？
    3. no need to change. 无须转车。
    4. this is the express bus. 这是直达车。
    5. i forgot to get off. 我忘记下车了。
    补充短语
    express bus 直达公交车，快车
    05 please step to the middle and don't block the door.
    请往中间走，不要堵住门。
    常用单词
    step [step] v. 行走，踏上，跨入
    block [bl?k] v. 阻塞，堵塞
    随机测验
    you have gone too far for your ticket, so you must pay a(an) _____ fare.
    a. pass b. excess c. exceed d. season
    翻译
    你已经坐过站了，所以你必须补票。
    答案：b
    提示：excess fare为固定搭配，指“补加票价，补票费”。由前半句have gone too far可知此处指要求补票。season ticket和monthly pass表示“月票”。
    06 are you looking for a cab?
    你在找出租车吗？
    解析 ▲ look for为固定搭配，意思为“寻找”，介词for后面通常跟被找的人或者物，也可以用search for来表达。
    语法tips
    英语中cab，taxi和taxicab都可用来表示“出租车”，前两个单词比较常用。此外，cab比较口语化，多用于美式英语，而taxi则相对正式一点，英式英语中较为常用。
    学学这样说
    1. please get in. i'm glad to serve you. 请上车，很高兴为你服务。
    2. welcome to my taxi! 欢迎乘坐我的出租车！
    3. where would you like to go, sir? 先生，你要去哪里？
    4. thanks for taking my taxi. 谢谢乘坐我的出租车。
    07 let me put your luggage in the trunk.
    让我把你的行李放到后备厢里。
    常用单词
    luggage ['l?g?d?] n. 行李，皮箱
    trunk [tr??k] n. 汽车的后备厢，树干
    学学这样说
    1. let me help you with your luggage. 我来帮您拿行李。
    2. please point out the way as we go along. 请沿路告诉我怎么走。
    3. where do you wish to stop? 你想停在哪里呢？
    4. do you want me to drop you at the door? 你要我把你送到门口吗？
    5. here you are, jinhu hotel! 金湖酒店到了。
    补充短语
    help sb with sth 帮助某人（做）某事
    go along 前进，沿着，进行
    08 sorry, madam, i can't exceed the speed limit.
    对不起，女士，我不能超速行驶。
    解析 ▲ exceed有“超出，超越（限制、规定等）”之意，speed limit意为“速度限制，限速，时速限制”。除了exceed the speed limit之外，还可以用overspeed形容“超速”。
    学学这样说
    1. it's rush hour, so i don't go to the airport. 现在是高峰时间，所以我不去机场。
    2. there's usually a lot of traffic at this time of day. 每天在这段时间往来车辆都很多。
    3. the street is crowded, and no cars could pass. 街上挤满了人，汽车都无法通行。
    4. it will double the fare to leave the city. 出城需要付双倍车费。
    5. i am sure we'll get there in half an hour. 我保证半个小时内到达那里。
    应用对话
    steven: could you get there in twenty minutes?
    taxi driver: it will take half an hour to get to the hotel.
    史蒂文：你能在20分钟内赶到那儿吗？
    出租车司机：到那个洒店需要半个小时。
    09 is your taxi engaged?
    你的出租车有人坐吗？
    语法tips
    在英语中，问出租车是否有人坐，除了使用engaged一词外，还可以用taken或free，如：is this taxi taken?或is your taxi free?
    常用单词
    taxi ['t?ks?] n. 出租车
    engaged [?n'ge?d?d] adj. 被占用的，使用中的
    学学这样说
    1. hello! could you send a cab to no.45 zhongshan road?
    你好，能派辆车到中山路45号吗？
    2. taxi! 出租车！
    3. please take me to this address. 请送我到这个地址。
    4. please take me to hongxing hotel. 请载我到红星酒店。
    10 could you speed it up?
    能否开快一些？
    解析 ▲ speed up指“（使）加速，开快车，加紧”，此外还可以用pick up speed和gear up表示“加速”。形容“减速”通常用slow/speed down。
    学学这样说
    1. please step on it. 请开快点。
    2. i am in a hurry. 我赶时间。
    3. i have a friend waiting for me. 有个朋友正等我呢。
    4. please take a shortcut. 请走近路。
    5. please take the shortest route. 麻烦走最近的路。
    6. please turn right at the next corner. 请在下一个路口右转。
    7. stop the car, please! 请停车！
    补充短语
    take a shortcut 走捷径，抄近路
    11 what is the approximate fare to the central park from here?
    从这里去中心公园大概要多少钱？
    常用单词
    approximate [?'pr?ks?m?t] adj. 大概的，极相似的
    fare [fe?(r)] n. 费，票价
    学学这样说
    1. how much do you think it will cost to get there? 你认为到那儿需要多少钱？
    2. how much is on the clock? 计价表上的金额是多少？
    3. you can keep the change. 不用找了。
    4. here is your tip. 这是你的小费。
    应用对话
    steven: what is the approximate fare to the central park from here?
    taxi driver: the fare will show on the meter.
    史蒂文：从这里去中心公园大概要多少钱？
    出租车司机：车费将会显示在计价表上。
    12 may i have your driver's license?
    我能看看你的驾驶执照吗？
    语法tips
    英语中的“驾照”通常有三种表示方法：driver's license，driver license或者driving license。
    学学这样说
    1. would you sign the rental form here, please? 您可以在这张租车表格上签字吗？
    2. there is no charge for mileage. 里程方面我们不收取费用。
    3. don't forget to stop by at the gas station. 别忘了顺便到加油站加油。
    4. fill up the gas tank when you return the car to us as it is not included in the charge. 汽油不包括在租金里，因此你还车时必须加满汽油。
    补充短语
    rental form 租车表格
    gas station 加油站
    fill up（使）充满，加满油
    13 how about mileage and gas?
    里程数和汽油怎么算？
    常用单词
    mileage ['ma?l?d?] n. 英里数，里程数
    gas [g?s] n. 汽油，气体，毒气
    学学这样说
    1. i would like to rent a car. 我想租一辆车。
    2. what kind of car do you have? 你们有什么种类的车？
    3. i'll try a pinto. 我要租一辆品拓。
    4. what is the rate? 价格如何？
    5. how much will it be if i go over the rental period?
    如果过了租车期限，要给多少钱呢？
    补充短语
    rental period 租车期限
    14 the spark plugs need cleaning.
    火花塞需要清洗一下。
    语法tips
    need既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时，常见的用法为need doing和need to be done。两个短语意思相同，均表示被动意义。
    常用单词
    spark [spɑ:k] n. 火花，余火，电火花
    plug [pl?g] n. 塞子，插头
    学学这样说
    1. this car makes strange noise from the left rear tyre.
    这辆车子的左后轮会发出奇怪的声音。
    2. i'll have it checked for you. 我会为你检查一下。
    3. i've got enough oil, but i haven't had much water. 汽油足够了，但水不多了。
    4. could you check the engine oil for me, please? 替我检查一下机油好吗？
    15 if you hire a car in miami, make sure it has air-conditioning.
    如果你在迈阿密租车，务必要租个带空调的车。
    解析 ▲ hire a car指“租车”，可以用rent a car来表达相同的意思。此外，make sure指“确保，把事情弄清楚”，其后通常跟that引导的从句，其中that可以省略。
    常用单词
    hire ['ha??(r)] v. 租用，聘用，雇用
    air-conditioning ['e?rk?n'd??n??] n. 空调
    学学这样说
    1. when hiring a car in winter, you should check if it has a snow tyre.
    冬季租车时，你应检查一下是否备有防滑轮胎。
    2. when you hire a car, you can choose a two-door or four-door model.
    你租车时可选择两个门或四个门的车型。
    3. most rental companies even have weekend specials.
    大部分租车公司甚至还会有周末特价。
    4. here are some telephone numbers of rent-a-car companies.
    这里有一些租车公司的电话号码。
    5. large airports usually have a rent-a-car company. 大型机场通常都有租车公司。
    16 we'd better hire a car for weekends.
    我们最好租一辆车在周末用。
    解析 ▲ 短语had better的作用相当于情态动词，其后跟动词原形，表示“应该，最好还是”。其否定形式是在better后加not。需注意的是不存在has/have better此类形式。
    学学这样说
    1. you can rent a car if you want to explore further.
    如果你想去更远的地方，可以租辆车。
    2. where can i rent a car? 我在哪里可以租车？
    3. is it expensive to hire a car? 租辆车贵不贵？
    4. they hire out cars by hour. 他们按小时出租汽车。
    5. the car that i rent dropped anchor after five kilometers.
    我租的车行驶五公里后抛锚了。
    补充短语
    hire out 出租，受雇
    drop anchor 抛锚
    17 what platform does the train leave from?
    这列火车从哪个站台开出呢？
    常用单词
    platform ['pl?tf?:m] n. 台，站台，平台
    train [tre?n] n. 火车，行列
    学学这样说
    1. from which station does the train leave? 这列火车从哪个站开出呢？
    2. where is the platform for the next train to berlin?
    请问下一班到柏林的火车在几号站台？
    3. what time does the next train to paris leave?
    下一班开往巴黎的火车是什么时候出发？
    4. how long will this express take to go to newzealand? 这列快车开到新西兰要多久？
    5. do you know when the train is due in shanghai? 你知道这趟车什么时候到达上海吗？
    6. has the train come yet? 火车到了吗？
    7. when does the train get in? 火车什么时候进站？
    应用对话
    steven: excuse me. what platform does the train leave from?
    ticket inspector: it leaves from platform 3.
    史蒂文：打扰一下。这班列车从哪个站台开出呢？
    检票员：从3号站台开出。
    18 the train pulls out at noon.
    火车在中午发车。
    语法tips
    在英语中，用pull out描述火车驶出车站；而形容火车进站，则用短语pull in。
    学学这样说
    1. tomorrow afternoon it will arrive in berlin. 明天下午它就会到达柏林。
    2. the train delayed for 30 minutes. 火车晚点了30分钟。
    3. perhaps it will be at platform 3. 可能是第3站台。
    4. platform 4 and just follow the blue arrows. 第4站台，你跟着蓝色的箭头走就行了。
    随机测验
    a: by the way, when does the train leave?
    b: the train _____ in ten minutes.
    a. drives b. has driven c. drive d. is driving
    翻译
    a：顺便问一下，火车什么时候发车？
    b：列车将于10分钟后开车。
    答案：d
    提示：go，come，leave，depart等表示往来的动词，可以用进行时来表示将来。
    19 the train is bound for new york.
    列车开往纽约。
    解析 ▲ be bound for为固定搭配，意为“开往……，以……为目的地，开赴”。此外，leave for也可以表达相同的意思，如：when does the train leave for chicago?
    学学这样说
    1. the train for shanghai is on platform 4. 开往上海的列车停靠在第4站台。
    2. the train is driving in ten minutes. 列车10分钟后开车。
    3. do i check in for the train to berlin here?
    到柏林的列车是在这里检票吗？
    4. show me your ticket please. 请出示您的车票。
    20 which car are we in?
    我们在第几车厢？
    语法tips
    表达“火车车厢”，除了car之外，还可以用carriage或coach。
    常用单词
    which [w?t?] pron. 哪一个，哪一些
    car [kɑ:(r)] n. 汽车，车厢，轿车
    学学这样说
    1. is it direct train? 这是直达车吗？
    2. do we transfer at the next station? 我们在下一站换火车吗？
    3. does this train stop at seoul, please? 请问列车在首尔吗？
    4. where am i supposed to pay the excess fare? 我应该到哪里补票？
    21 i'm afraid you are in my seat.
    恐怕你坐的是我的座位。
    解析 ▲ i'm afraid后跟that从句时，表示“恐怕……”，其中that可以省略。而i'm afraid后跟to do则表示“我（害）怕做某事”。
    常用单词
    afraid [?'fre?d] adj. 害怕的，担心的，恐怕
    seat [si:t] n. 座位，所在地，场所
    学学这样说
    1. we'll sit in the second carriage from the bottom of the train.
    我们的位子在倒数第二节车厢里。
    2. where is my seat? 我的座位在哪里？
    3. is this seat taken? 请问这个座位有人吗？
    22 i want to reserve a berth of second-class cabin.
    我想预订一张二等舱的卧铺票。
    语法tips
    英语中的reserve，book，subscribe和order都有“预订”的意思，但其后所接的预订对象有所不同。reserve指预订餐厅、票或杂志；book指预订旅馆房间或票等；subscribe指订阅杂志或报纸；order则指订购，订货。
    常用单词
    reserve [r?'z?:v] v. 预订，预约，保留
    berth [b?:θ] n.（船、列车等的）卧铺，（轮船上的）住处
    cabin ['k?b?n] n.（船上的）小舱，（飞机上的）客舱，小木屋
    学学这样说
    1. do i need a reservation to go by ship? 我坐船去需要预订吗？
    2. is there any unreserved first-class cabin? 还有一等舱的船票？
    3. could i get a ticket of second-class cabin? 能帮我预订一张二等舱的船票吗？
    4. all first-class cabins are reserved. 所有一等舱的船票都被预订了。
    23 the liner set sail at 8: 30 on july 18.
    客轮在7月18日8点30分启航。
    常用单词
    liner ['la?n?(r)] n. （尤指度假时乘坐的）邮轮，客轮
    sail [se?l] n. 帆船，航行，帆状物，航行距离
    学学这样说
    1. what time does the ship leave? 这艘船什么时间启航？
    2. the ship sails at 12:00. 这艘船12点起航。
    3. the steamers for shanghai leave on wednesday. 开往上海的轮船星期三启程。
    4. the ship was due to sail the following morning. 这艘船定于第二天早上启航。
    5. the boat train leaves victoria station for southampton at 8:00.
    联运列车8点钟从维多利亚车站出发，开往南安普顿港。
    补充短语
    leave...for... 离开……前往……
    24 the ship will launch to japan soon.
    船马上要起航前往日本。
    解析 ▲ launch作动词时，有“使（船）下水，使（新船）首次下水”的意思，因此可引申为“启航”之意。
    学学这样说
    1. the boat is ready to leave. 船就要开了。
    2. everyone comes onto the ship, please. 请各位上船。
    3. the ship is about to start. 船就要开了。
    4. you can board now. 你现在就可以登船。
    补充短语
    be ready to 预备，甘于，乐意be about to 将要，正打算
    25 how many ports do we call at on the way to dalian?
    去大连的途中要停靠几个港口？
    解析 ▲ on the way to意为“在去……的路上，前往”，而on the way后不加成分时，指“接近，沿途”。
    常用单词
    port [p?:t] n. 港口，（计算机与其他设备的）接口
    call [k?:l] v. 呼喊，召唤
    学学这样说
    1. when will this ship enter the port? 船何时进港？
    2. does the ship call at the port of hong kong? 船在香港会停吗？
    3. where will the ship berth? 船将停在何处？
    4. how long does this ship take us to japan? 船到日本需要多少天？
    26 the ship is on a southerly track.
    船正向南行驶。
    语法tips
    on+a/an+方位形容词+track表示“向某个方向行驶”，即on a southerly/northerly/ westerly track，on an easterly tack。而on track单独使用时，指“上轨道，步入正轨”。
    学学这样说
    1. the ship is nearing the wharf. 船正靠近码头。
    2. look! the ship is lifting anchor. 瞧，船起锚了。
    3. the ship broke ground and sailed out of her port. 船起锚出港了。
    4. the ship was anchored off the shore. 船在海岸处抛了锚。
    补充短语
    near the wharf 靠岸
    break ground 起锚，破土，犁田
    27 what time must i go on board?
    我什么时候登船？
    解析 ▲ go/get on board为固定搭配，可用来表示“上船，上飞机，上火车”。其对应的介词形式为aboard，可以说aboard the ship/train/plane。
    语法tips
    what time和when都可以用来询问具体的时间，此时两者可以互换使用。但询问钟表上显示的具体时间时，一般用what time；而询问事件发生的年份、日期等时，一般用when。
    学学这样说
    1. would you tell me where we get on the ship? 请问登船的地点在哪里？
    2. let's get on board! 我们上船吧！
    3. i have got a seasick. 我晕船了。
    4. shall we go ashore from the boat now? 我们现在要离船上岸吗？
    28 here you are, sir, an aisle seat on the left side.
    是这儿，先生，左边靠过道的位置。
    常用单词
    aisle [a?l] n. 过道，通道
    side [sa?d] n. 面，边，方面
    学学这样说
    1. this way, please, and your seat is in the middle of the cabin.
    请跟我来，您的座位在客舱中部。
    2. your seat is over there. 您的座位在那边。
    3. i'm afraid you are in the wrong seat because 20c is two rows behind you on the other side of the aisle.恐怕您坐错位子了，因为20c在过道另一边、后两排的地方。
    4. please check if your seat belt is fastened. 请检查一下您的安全带是否系好。
    5. please buckle up. 请系好安全带。
    应用对话
    steven: excuse me, where is my seat?
    air stewardess: here you are, sir, an aisle seat on the left side.
    史蒂文：打扰一下，我的座位在哪儿？
    空姐：是这儿，先生，左边靠过道的位置。
    29 there's an airsickness bag behind the seat in front of you.
    在你前方的座位后面有一个晕机呕吐袋。
    语法tips
    in front of和in the front of的区别：in front of表示“在某个范围外的前面”，而in the front of表示“在某个范围内的前面”，如a desk in front of the library和a desk in the front of the library分别指的是图书馆外和图书馆内的一张桌子。
    学学这样说
    1. if you need us, just push the button. 如果您需要我们，就按这个按钮。
    2. this is a short-range flight and we will only serve a snack.
    这是短途航线，我们只供应点心。
    3. first class, business class, and economy class offer excellent service to passengers. 头等舱、商务舱和经济舱均向乘客提供优质服务。
    4. would you like these newspapers or magazines? 您想看这些报纸或杂志吗？
    5. excuse me for a second, i'll check on it. 请稍等一下，我查查看。
    补充短语
    short range 短程，近距离，近射程
    check on 检查，核实，上班
    30 please don't forget to take along your personal belongings.
    请不要忘了带走您的随身物品。
    语法tips
    forget后接动词时，一般有两种情况：forget to do和forget doing。前者表示事情未做，而后者表示事情已做，即forget to do指“忘记要去做某事”，而forget doing指“忘记做过某事”。
    常用单词
    personal ['p?:s?nl] adj. 个人的，私人的，亲自的
    belonging [b?'l????] n. 附属品，附件
    学学这样说
    1. please remain seated until the “fasten seat bel t” sign is turned off and the aircraft has stopped completely.
    在安全带的指示灯没有熄灭、飞机没有停稳前，请您不要离开座位。
    2. please don't walk about in cabin. 请不要在客舱内走动。
    3. please put your package in the overhead compartment or under your seat.
    请将行李放在上方的行李架上或座位下面。
    4. when opening the overhead bin, please ensure the contents do not fall out.
    打开座位上方的行李柜时，请您特别留意以免行李滑落。
    31 fasten your seat belts immediately.
    马上系好安全带。
    常用单词
    fasten ['fɑ:sn] v. 系牢，使坚固或稳固
    belt [belt] n. 腰带，区域，传送带
    immediately [?'mi:d??tl?] adv. 立即，直接地
    学学这样说
    1. the plane will make an emergency landing because of sudden breakdown of an engine. 由于一个引擎突然出现故障，飞机将紧急迫降。
    2. don't panic! 不要惊慌！
    3. our captain has confidence to land safely. 我们的机长有信心安全着陆。
    4. all the crew of this flight are well trained for this kind of situation, so please obey instructions from us.
    我们所有的机组人员在这方面都受过良好的训练，所以请听从我们的指挥。
    补充短语
    emergency landing 紧急降落，紧急着陆
    32 take out the life vest under your seat and put it on!
    从座椅下拿出救生衣，穿上它！
    语法tips
    英语中put on，wear和dress up都有“穿”的意思，但它们所表达的含义却不尽相同：put on强调的是穿衣服的动作；wear描述身上穿或戴着某物，强调穿着的状态；dress up特指“打扮，装扮”。
    学学这样说
    1. don't inflate the life vest in cabin and as soon as you leave the aircraft, inflate it by pulling down the red tab.
    请不要在客舱内将救生衣充气！一离开飞机立即拉下红色手柄充气。
    2. this plane has eight emergency exits and please locate the one nearest to you.
    本架飞机有8个安全门，请找到离你最近的那个门。
    3. the card in the seat pocket will tell you where the emergency exit is.
    座位后面口袋里的卡片会告诉您安全门在哪儿。
    4. open seat belts. 解开安全带。
    5. jump and slide down! 跳着滑下来！
    随机测验
    leave everything behind and come ______ this way!
    a. to b. by c. / d. in
    翻译
    别拿行李，朝这边走！
    答案：c
    提示：come this way为固定用法，指“这边走，往这边来”。此处this way作状语，前面不加介词。
    33 i'm feeling airsick. please give me some pills.
    我有点晕机，请给我一些药片。
    常用单词
    airsick ['e?'s?k] adj. 晕机的
    pill [p?l] n. 药丸，药片
    学学这样说
    1. do you have any medicine for airsickness? 你们有没有晕机药？
    2. please get me a clean towel. 请帮我拿条干净的毛巾来。
    3. it's too cold and i need another blanket. 太冷了，我再要一条毯子。
    4. could i order my meal from you? 能点餐吗？
    应用对话
    air stewardess: sir, what's wrong with you?
    steven: i'm feeling airsick. please give me some pills.
    空姐：先生，你怎么了？
    史蒂文：我有点晕机，请给我一些药片。

 交通状况

    交通状况
    01 we were stuck in traffic jam for more than an hour.
    我们在堵车堵了一个多小时。
    解析 ▲ be stuck in意为“困于，停止不前，动弹不得”。traffic jam指“塞车，交通堵塞”，类似的表达还有traffic congestion。
    学学这样说
    1. traffic was brought to a standstill by the accident. 出了事故以后，交通陷于停滞状态。
    2. the traffic is very heavy at the moment, and it's quite a long way to the railway station. 现在交通很拥挤，而到火车站又很远。
    3. traffic has virtually come to a dead stop. 实际上，车辆无法前行，一动不动。
    4. we sat bumper-to-bumper in the traffic jam.
    我们遇到了交通阻塞，汽车首尾相接，动弹不得。
    5. cars often pile up here in the rush hour. 在高峰时刻，汽车往往在这里堵成一团。
    6. in the morning, traffic is tied up in knots. 早上，车辆堵得水泄不通。
    7. it is really a snail-paced traffic. 车辆简直是在蠕动。
    补充短语
    come to a stop 停住，站稳
    pile up 积聚，堆放，成堆
    rush hour（上下班的）高峰期
    02 a lorry overturned on the road, so all the traffic was held up.
    一辆货车在路上翻车了，导致了堵车。
    常用单词
    lorry ['l?r?] n. 货车，卡车
    overturn [??v?'t?:n] v.（使）翻倒
    学学这样说
    1. there is too much traffic on the road. 这条路上行人车辆太多了。
    2. yesterday the traffic was held up for hours by a terrible accident on this stretch of the motorway.昨天在这段高速路上发生了一起惨重的交通事故，造成了几个小时的交通阻塞。
    3. traffic was interrupted by dense fog. 交通因浓雾而受阻。
    4. heavy snow is blocking all roads into scotland. 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。
    应用对话
    steven: excuse me, do you know why the traffic is so heavy?
    stranger: a lorry overturned on the road, so all the traffic was held up.
    史蒂文：打扰了，你知道交通为什么这么拥堵吗？
    陌生人：一辆货车在路上翻车了，导致了交通阻塞。
    03 heavy traffic poses a problem in many big cities.
    交通拥挤是许多大城市的难题。
    解析 ▲ pose a problem为惯用搭配，意为“造成问题，带来问题”，相当于cause/bring/ present a problem。
    学学这样说
    1. the road is closed to vehicular traffic. 此路不准车辆通行。
    2. the condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 交通状况令人不满意。
    3. downtown traffic is stop-and-go. 市区里，车辆总是走走停停。
    4. there's always a congestion downtown. 市区里通常很堵。
    5. traffic is always a mess during rush hour. 高峰时段，路况很差。
    6. traffic is diverted onto a side road because of traffic jam.
    由于堵车，车辆行人改走侧道。
    04 the government will take measures to ease traffic pressure soon.
    政府不久将会采取措施来缓解交通压力。
    解析 ▲ take measures to指“采取措施来，采取措施以”，类似表达还有take steps to。
    学学这样说
    1. the newly-built subway will relieve traffic congestion to some extent.
    新建成的地铁将会在某种程度上缓解交通堵塞的状况。
    2. the traffic jam is said to be over soon. 据说交通很快就不会拥堵了。
    3. it is necessary to build more flyovers to ease traffic pressure.
    有必要建更多的立交桥来缓解交通压力。
    4. in order to relieve the traffic congestion, they decided to build another road.
    为了缓解交通堵塞的状况，他们决定再建一条路。
    补充短语
    traffic congestion 交通堵塞
    05 in total, sixteen people were injured in the traffic accident last night.
    共有16个人在昨晚的交通事故中受伤。
    解析 ▲ in total指“总计，合计”，类似表达还有totally, to sum up等。
    常用单词
    injure ['?nd??(r)] v. 伤害，损害
    accident ['?ks?d?nt] n. 意外事件，事故
    学学这样说
    1. jack died in a traffic accident this morning. 杰克今天早上出交通事故而去世了。
    2. a poor boy called john was killed in the accident too.
    一个名叫约翰的可怜男孩也在事故中丧生了。
    3. a driver died instantly. 一个司机当场死亡。
    4. the other one was badly hurt. 另外一个受重伤。
    5. he landed in the hospital after the crackup. 在交通事故后，他被送入医院。
    6. she was the victim of a road accident. 她是一场交通事故的受害者。
    06 i saw a crash at the crossing.
    我看到那个十字路口发生了交通事故。
    常用单词
    crash [kr??] n. 碰撞，碰撞声，暴跌
    crossing ['kr?s??] n. 人行横道，十字路口
    学学这样说
    1. i was involved in a traffic accident. 我遭遇交通事故了。
    2. i witnessed the traffic accident. 我目睹了那次交通事故。
    3. i was petrified when two cars collided. 两车相撞的情景把我吓呆了。
    4. traffic accident made him into a state of shock. 交通事故使他受到了惊吓。
    补充短语
    a state of... ……的状态
    07 we think the accident is the inevitable consequence of his habitual drunken driving.
    我们认为这起事故是他经常醉酒驾车的必然后果。
    语法tips
    drunken driving通常指“醉酒驾驶”，而“酒后驾驶”的表达有drink driving和drink and drive。
    学学这样说
    1. fog was responsible for the accident. 雾造成了这起交通事故。
    2. the accident was due to careless driving. 交通事故起因于驾驶粗心。
    3. drinking is the principal cause of this traffic accident. 酗酒是这起交通事故的主要原因。
    4. the police decided to inquire into the events leading up to the accident.
    警方决定对这起事故的起因进行调查。
    补充短语
    be responsible for 为……负责
    inquire into 调查，探究
    lead up to 导致，使话题（渐渐）转向
    08 why do some guys like to drive so fast when they are drunk?
    为什么有些家伙喜欢在酒醉时开快车呢？
    常用单词
    fast [fɑ:st] adv. 快，迅速地；adj. 快的，迅速的
    drunk [dr??k] adj. 醉的，陶醉的
    学学这样说
    1. i remember the peacebreaker was a drunk man. 我记得肇事者是个喝醉的男人。
    2. we were victims of a hit-and-run driver. 我们被车撞了，肇事司机逃逸。
    3. the driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. 那次交通事故不应该责怪司机。
    4. the runaway of the traffic accident is wanted by the police.
    警方正在通缉交通事故的逃逸者。
    5. you'd better admit that you were responsible for the traffic accident.
    你最好承认你对那起交通事故负有责任。
    应用对话
    steven: why do some guys like to drive so fast when they are drunk?
    julia: i don't know. maybe they feel they are okay and driving fast seems very cool.
    史蒂文：为什么有些家伙喜欢在酒醉时开快车呢？
    茱莉娅：我不知道，也许他们是认为自己能开吧，而且开快车似乎很酷。
    note

 购物计划

    购物计划
    01 why don't we go shopping during the time for promotion?
    我们为什么不在商店促销时去购物呢？
    解析 ▲ why don't表示提建议，意思是“为什么不……”，与之相类似的表达为why not，not后面直接跟动词原形。
    学学这样说
    1. do you like going shopping on weekends? 您喜欢周末购物吗？
    2. on sundays i do some shopping. 每个星期天我都去购物。
    3. i am going to the mall the day after tomorrow. 我后天去购物中心。
    4. i went shopping the day before yesterday. 我前天去购物了。
    随机测验
    a: shall we go shopping tomorrow?
    b: why not ______ shopping the day after tomorrow? i hate all the hustle and bustle of saturday shopping.
    a. going b. go c. to go d. goes
    翻译
    a：我们明天去购物好吗？
    b：为何不后天去呢？我讨厌星期六购物时挤来挤去的感觉。
    答案：b
    提示：why not后跟动词原形，表示提建议。
    02 would you mind going to supermarket with me?
    你陪我去超市买东西好吗？
    解析 ▲ mind作动词时，可以用在would you mind...结构中，表示礼貌地征求对方同意或者请求对方做某事，译为“你是否介意”，mind后的动词要用v-ing形式。
    常用单词
    mind [ma?nd] v. 介意，愿意做，专心于
    supermarket ['sju:p?'mɑ:k?t] n. 超级市场
    学学这样说
    1. would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗？
    2. can you go shopping with me? 你能和我一起去购物吗？
    3. lydia, eden and i will go shopping this afternoon. will you join us?
    莉迪亚，伊登和我今天下午要去购物，你要一起来吗？
    4. why do i have to go shopping with you? 为什么我得陪你去购物？
    03 i'll go shopping with you just to keep you company.
    我就是给你作个伴，陪你一起去买东西。
    语法tips
    go+doing结构可用来表示进行一项活动或动作，如go sight-seeing，go swimming，go fishing，go hiking等。
    学学这样说
    1. i will go to the shopping mall with you tomorrow and help you pick something out. 我明天陪你去商场，帮你挑一挑。
    2. i like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲晃。
    3. i'm not sacrificing my day off just to go shopping with jenny.
    我可不愿意牺牲一天只陪詹妮去买东西。
    4. i am not sure if my wife wants me to go shopping with her on sunday.
    我还不知道星期天我太太是否要我陪她去买东西。
    5. he made a long face when his wife asked him to go shopping with her.
    当他妻子叫他一起去购物时，他拉下脸来。
    补充短语
    pick out 挑选，取出，了解
    hang out 闲逛，伸出
    04 by the way, what kind of stores do we need to go?
    顺便问一下，我们要去哪些商店呢？
    常用单词
    store [st?:(r)] n. 商店，贮存物，仓库
    学学这样说
    1. do you want to buy some fresh lemons in the fruit store?
    你想在水果店买一些新鲜柠檬吗？
    2. which supermarket do you want to go? 你想去哪个超市？
    3. do you want to go to the cosmetics shop with me? 你想和我一起去化妆品店吗？
    4. how about going to the wal-mart store? 去联华商店怎么样？
    补充短语
    cosmetics shop 化妆品店
    05 you can do some shopping in the clothing stores, if you like.
    你愿意的话，不妨去服装店买些东西。
    语法tips
    do+some+doing一般用来表示进行某项日常活动，如do some reading，do some washing，do some cleaning等。
    学学这样说
    1. when we are going to be back, go to the supermarket and buy some mutton.
    当我们要回来时，去超市买些羊肉。
    2. i suggest that we go to the shopping mall. 我提议我们去商场。
    3. they intended to go shopping in the downtown district, but were put off by reports of traffic jam. 他们原打算到市中心去购物，但因听说交通拥挤而作罢。
    4. in fact, i prefer shopping online to going to the mall.
    事实上，我比较喜欢上网买东西，而不喜欢去购物中心。
    5. she usually shops at supermarkets. 她经常在超市购物。
    补充短语
    intend to 打算……，想要……
    06 make a shopping list and try to keep to it.
    列一张购物清单，然后尽量按清单买。
    解析 ▲ keep to作“遵守，履行”之意讲时，后多跟表示规定、计划、协议等方面的词汇。与之相似的表达还有stick to，adhere to，abide by。
    学学这样说
    1. it's smart to make a shopping list before going to the store.
    去商店之前写一份购物清单是明智的。
    2. before going shopping, we had better make out a shopping list.
    购物前我们最好先拟订一份购物清单。
    3. why not make a shopping list? 为什么不列一个购物清单呢？
    4. i need to make a list of the things that we need. 我要列一个所需物品的清单。
    补充短语
    make a shopping list 列一张购物清单
    07 how much ham shall we get?
    我们要买多少火腿？
    语法tips
    shall用于疑问句时，表示征求对方意见，可译为“要不要……”，语气比较委婉，句子主语一般用第一人称i/we。
    常用单词
    ham [h?m] n. 火腿
    学学这样说
    1. how many pieces do we want? 我们买几块？
    2. have you written down tea, eggs and potatoes? 你写茶叶、鸡蛋和土豆了吗？
    3. do you want to buy a camera? 你想买一台照相机吗？
    4. what kind of tea do you prefer? 你想买什么茶？
    5. what about buying some whisky? 买些威士忌如何？
    6. is there anything else you might need? 您还有什么要买的吗？
    08 this time we must buy a pressure cooker.
    这次我们必须买一个高压锅。
    常用单词
    cooker ['k?k?(r)] n. 炊具，锅，炉灶
    学学这样说
    1. i want a lipstick. 我想买支口红。
    2. please buy me an electric razor. 请给我买个电动剃须刀。
    3. get a tie for me when you go shopping. 你买东西时替我买一条领带。
    4. i want to have a pair of cloth shoes. 我想要买双布鞋。
    5. buy some soap, please. 请买些肥皂。
    6. don't forget to buy a pair of shoes for me. 别忘了给我买双鞋。
    7. we have to get some stationery for our daughter. 我们必须为我们的女儿买些文具。
    8. we need some fruit and a new iron. 我们需要买一些水果和一个新熨斗。
    9. oh, i almost forget that we need a microwave oven badly.
    哦，我差点忘了，我们急需一个微波炉。
    补充短语
    buy sb sth 给某人买某物
    a pair of 一双，一副，一对

 商场选购

    商场选购
    01 would you please deposit your bag at our checkroom?
    请到寄存处寄存您的包好吗？
    语法tips
    would you please...用于表示请求，此处would并不表示过去，可与will互换，但用would更加礼貌委婉。
    常用单词
    deposit [d?'p?z?t] v. 寄存，放置，储蓄
    checkroom ['t?ekru:m] n. 衣帽寄放处，行李存放处
    学学这样说
    1. excuse me, bags aren't permitted inside the supermarket.
    抱歉，您不能把包带进超市。
    2. the checkroom is just behind the front door. 寄存处就在前门后面。
    3. you can deposit your bag beside the entrance. 你可以把包寄放在入口处的旁边。
    02 could you tell me where i should deposit my bag?
    请问在什么地方存包？
    常用单词
    could [kud] n. 能够，可能
    学学这样说
    1. where can i check in my bag? 存包处在哪儿？
    2. can i leave my bag somewhere? 我能存一下包吗？
    3. could you deposit my bag for me? 能帮我存一下包吗？
    4. where can i find the information desk? 服务台在哪里？
    应用对话
    steven: could you tell me where i should deposit my bag?
    security man: the checkroom is just behind the front door.
    史蒂文：请问在什么地方存包？
    保安：寄存处就在前门后面。
    03 could you please tell me where i can find a shopping cart?
    请问哪儿有手推车？
    语法tips
    在英语中，“购物车”的表达有shopping cart/trolley，而在商场里购物时所用的“购物篮”为shopping basket。
    常用单词
    shopping ['??p??] n. 购物，买东西
    cart [kɑ:t] n. 运货马车，手推车
    学学这样说
    1. where is your shopping trolley? 你们的购物车在哪里呢？
    2. are there any more shopping carts? 还有购物车吗？
    3. do you have any shopping basket? 有购物篮吗？
    4. it is necessary for us to take a shopping basket. 我们有必要去拿个购物篮。
    04 could you tell me where cereals are shelved?
    能否告诉我谷类食品在哪个架子上？
    常用单词
    cereal ['s??r??l] n. 谷类植物，谷物，粮食，麦片
    shelve [?elv] v. 将……放置在架子上，将……搁在一边
    学学这样说
    1. where can i purchase baby supplies? 我在哪里可以买到婴儿用品？
    2. could you tell me where the women's clothes department is?
    能告诉我女装部在哪儿吗？
    3. which floor are sporting goods on? 运动用品在几楼？
    4. where can i find a curtain? 窗帘在哪里？
    5. could you tell me how i can find the men's goods section?
    可以告诉我如何找到男士用品专区吗？
    补充短语
    clothes department 服装部
    sporting goods 体育用品
    05 the cereal section is on those two racks.
    谷类食品就放在那两个架子上。
    常用单词
    section ['sek?n] n. 部分，节，部门
    rack [r?k] n. 搁物架，行李架，支架
    学学这样说
    1. the discount shelf is in the center of the supermarket.
    减价商品的货架在超市的中心位置。
    2. the notebook is on the topmost shelf. 笔记本在最高的架子上。
    3. we have special shelves for discountable goods. 我们有专门摆放减价商品的货架。
    4. look at the rack on your right. 看一看你右边的架子。
    随机测验
    articles for babies are ______ the toy shelf.
    a. opposite b. oppose c. opposition d. opponent
    翻译
    婴儿用品在玩具货架的对面。
    答案：a
    提示：opposite作介词讲时，可表示位置，表示“在……的对面”。oppose为动词，意为“反对，抗争”，opposition为其名词形式。opponent指“对手，反对者”。
    06 what can i do for you?
    您需要什么？
    语法tips
    售货员或服务员招呼顾客时一般会说：what can i do for you?或can i help you?但其表示的具体含义应根据对话发生的实际场景而定。
    学学这样说
    1. welcome to pick and buy. 欢迎选购！
    2. welcome to our shop. 欢迎到我们商店来！
    3. did you find anything you like? 找到你喜欢的了吗？
    4. thank you for coming. 感谢光临！
    5. welcome to come again. 欢迎下次光临。
    应用对话
    sales person: good morning. what can i do for you, sir?
    steven: i'd like to see some coats. would you recommend me some?
    售货员：早上好！先生，您需要什么？
    史蒂文：我想看看外套，你能给我推荐一些吗？
    07 may i introduce this new model of camera?
    我可以向您推荐这种新型照相机吗？
    解析 ▲ introduce此处意为“介绍，使了解”，常用的搭配为introduce sb to sth，如：i was introduced to the green food by him.（他向我介绍了绿色食品。）
    常用单词
    model ['m?dl] n.（机器等的）型号，模型，模特
    camera ['k?m?r?] n. 照相机，摄影机
    学学这样说
    1. do you want any orange juice today? 你今天想喝橙汁吗？
    2. do you want some bananas? 你想要一些香蕉吗？
    3. do you like this dress, madam? 夫人，你喜欢这件衣服吗？
    4. what about this one? 这件怎么样？
    5. why not try on this fashionable dress? 为何不试试这条时尚的裙子呢？
    6. please come and see the beautiful and cheap hats, madam.
    夫人，来看看这些既漂亮又便宜的帽子吧！
    08 i'm looking for a sweater.
    我在找一件毛衣。
    语法tips
    短语look for作“寻找”之意时，与find的区别在于：look for强调“找”这个动作，而find则侧重于“找到”这个结果。
    学学这样说
    1. i am interested in buying a new computer. 我想买一台新电脑。
    2. i'd like to have a look at that coat. 我想看看那件外套。
    3. i want a pair of shoes for my son. 我要为我儿子买一双鞋。
    4. i am fond of the skirt of deep green velvet. 我喜欢这件深绿色的天鹅绒裙子。
    补充短语
    be fond of... 喜爱……
    09 would you recommend me some trousers?
    你能推荐一些裤子给我吗？
    常用单词
    recommend [?rek?'mend] v. 推荐，劝告
    trousers ['tra?z?z] n. 裤子
    学学这样说
    1. will you show me some pure silk dresses? 请拿几件真丝连衣裙给我看看好吗？
    2. do you have pants to go with the jacket? 你们有和这件夹克搭配的裤子吗？
    3. have you any shirts in stock? 你们店里有衬衣卖吗？
    4. do you have this in stock? 这个还有存货吗？
    5. have you any shoes like these? 你们有这种鞋子吗？
    6. which models do you sell the most? 哪些款式你们卖得最好？
    7. do you have this in other sizes? 这个你们还有其他尺码吗？
    8. do you have any on sale? 你们有什么特卖品吗？
    应用对话
    steven: would you recommend me some trousers?
    sales person: sure. come to look at these styles. they sell very well.
    史蒂文：你能推荐一些裤子给我吗？
    售货员：当然可以，来看看这些款式，它们销量很好。
    10 it's made of good quality pure wool.
    这是由质量很好的纯羊毛制成的。
    常用单词
    quality ['kw?l?t?] n. 质量，品质
    pure [pj??(r)] adj. 纯的，单纯的，纯真的
    wool [w?l] n. 羊毛，羊毛制品
    学学这样说
    1. this kind of material has been treated by means of a new technology, so it is colorfast. 这种面料用新工艺处理过，不褪色。
    2. come to see these styles as they all sell very well. 来看看这些款式，它们销量都很好。
    3. it's exceptionally good in material and the handicraft is very exquisite.
    它的料子质地特别好，做工十分精细。
    4. the skin of suzhou-style cakes is fluffy, and they’re filled with nuts.
    苏式糕点的外皮酥松，里面塞满了坚果。
    5. this is the latest model. 这是最新的款式。
    补充短语
    by means of... 借由，通过
    11 a red tie will match that suit.
    红领带很配那件西服。
    常用单词
    tie [ta?] n. 领带，关系，平局
    match [m?t?] v. 相配，相称
    学学这样说
    1. this is your size; it's lovely and looks very smart.
    这是您要的尺寸，这件衣服很漂亮，非常时髦。
    2. you will get your money's worth. 你会觉得物有所值。
    3. we will discount depending on the model number. 我们将根据型号给予优惠。
    4. we have a clearance sale today. 我们今天清仓大甩卖。
    5. hard to pass up. 不买可惜了。
    补充短语
    clearance sale 清仓甩卖
    12 will you try on this one for size, please?
    您穿上试试大小，好吗？
    语法tips
    在“动词+副词”短语中，如果宾语为名词，则该名词可以放在短语中间或后面，如put on the shirt/put the shirt on；若宾语为代词，代词应放在短语中间，如put it on。
    学学这样说
    1. what size do you wear? 你穿多大号？
    2. try it on for size. 试试它的大小合不合适。
    3. what color do you like? 你喜欢什么颜色的？
    4. i suggest that you try both styles and see which one fits you better.
    我建议您两种样式都试一下，看看哪种比较合适。
    5. which one do you prefer, this sweater or that blouse?
    你喜欢哪个，这件毛衣还是那件上衣？
    6. i think this one will fit you well. 我看这一件很适合您。
    应用对话
    steven: this shirt is really nice.
    saleswoman: you have a very good taste, sir. would you like to try it on?
    steven: ok. i'll try on a medium size.
    史蒂文：这件衬衫很不错。
    售货员：你的眼光真不错，先生。你想试穿一下吗？
    史蒂文：好的，给我一个中号。
    13 do you have this in my size?
    这款有适合我的尺码吗？
    语法tips
    英语中衣服的大小一般用size表示，分类有xs，s，m，l，xl，xxl。其分别代表的是：extra small，small，medium，large，extra large，extra extra large。
    学学这样说
    1. may i try on this sweater? 我可以试穿这件毛衣吗？
    2. i wear size ten. 我穿十码的。
    3. can i have a larger size? 可以给我一个大一点儿的吗？
    4. do you have this dress in a smaller size? 这条裙子有没有小一码的？
    5. i like this one and let me have a try. 我喜欢这一件，让我试一下。
    6. how does this look on me? 我穿这件看起来怎么样？
    7. where is the fitting room? 请问试衣间在哪儿？
    补充短语
    have a try 试试看，尝试一下
    fitting room 试衣间
    14 the shoes are too tight, and they push my toes.
    鞋太紧了，夹脚。
    解析 ▲ push（推动，对……施加压力，按）在不同的语境中可翻译为不同的意思，此处描述的是鞋，因此翻译为“夹脚”最为合适。
    常用单词
    tight [ta?t] adj. 紧的，牢固的，绷紧的
    toe [t??] n. 脚趾，脚尖
    学学这样说
    1. it looks a little tight around the waist. 腰部看起来紧了点。
    2. the fit isn't good. 尺寸不太合适。
    3. it's too big for me. 我穿着太大。
    4. it's too long for me. 我穿着太长。
    5. it's too flashy. 这件太艳了。
    6. it's too plain. 这件太普通了。
    7. this is the right size. 这件大小挺合适的。
    8. they are very comfortable. 很舒服。
    9. it looks nice on me. 我穿这件看起来不错。
    15 what do you think of this t-shirt?
    你觉得这件t恤怎么样？
    语法tips
    询问对方的意见时，常用的表达为：what do you think of/about...?或how do you like...?
    学学这样说
    1. how do you feel? 你觉得怎么样？
    2. i'll find a larger pair. 我再找一双大一点的。
    3. here's a bigger size. 这儿有更大号的。
    4. you really look beautiful in this one. 您穿上这一件真是漂亮极了。
    5. they'll stretch a bit with use. 穿穿会撑大一些。
    应用对话
    saleswoman: what do you think of this t-shirt?
    steven: it's too big for me. do you have a smaller one?
    saleswoman: yes. one moment, please.
    售货员：你觉得这件t恤怎么样？
    史蒂文：我穿着太大，你们有小一点的吗？
    售货员：有的，请稍等。
    16 this skirt matches this blouse, doesn't it?
    这条裙子和这件上衣挺配的，不是吗？
    解析 ▲ 此处match作动词，指“（颜色、样式等）与……相称，与……相配”。
    随机测验
    this skirt and this blouse go ______ well.
    a. on b. along c. up d. together
    翻译
    这条裙子和这件上衣挺配的。
    答案：d
    提示：go together为固定搭配，有“协调，相配”之意。
    17 how much does it come to?
    总共多少钱？
    语法tips
    how much有两层意思：一是询问量，后接不可数名词；二是询问价钱。
    学学这样说
    1. how much is it? 这个多少钱？
    2. could you tell me how much it is? 你能告诉我这个多少钱吗？
    3. there is no price tag on this. 这个商品上没有贴标价。
    4. it comes to us$100. 总共是100美元。
    5. you will get it on the price tag. 标价上写着呢。
    补充短语
    price tag 价格标签，价格
    come to 共计，到达，苏醒
    18 it's a little overpriced.
    这有点贵。
    语法tips
    英语中表达“有点儿，略微”的意思，除了a little外，还可以用a bit，a little bit，somewhat，kind of等。
    常用单词
    little ['l?tl] adv. 略微，一点
    overpriced [???v?'pra?st] adj. 价格过高的，定价太高的
    学学这样说
    1. that much? 太贵了吧？
    2. that's too much. 太贵了。
    3. that set of combs is very beautiful and special, but it costs too much.
    那套梳子非常漂亮，也非常特别，但是太贵了。
    4. is this shampoo on sale today? 这种洗发水今天减价出售吗？
    19 can you cut down the price for me?
    你们可以降低价格吗？
    解析 ▲ cut down指“削减，减少使用”，cut down the price指“降低价格”，类似的表达还有 reduce/lower the price。
    学学这样说
    1. can i get a discount? 能打个折吗？
    2. would you consider a wholesale discount? 批发有优惠吗？
    3. can i take five yuan off? 可以给我减5元吗？
    4. if i buy more, will you give me a discount? 多买一点有折扣吗？
    5. is it the final price? 不能再少了吗？
    补充短语
    wholesale discount 批发折扣
    final price 最终价格
    20 i'd buy this if it were cheaper.
    再便宜一点我就买。
    解析 ▲ 本句表示对现实情况的假设，故使用了虚拟语气，从句使用过去时，主句则用“would/ could/might/should +动词原形”结构。
    学学这样说
    1. come on, give me a discount on this. 别这样，给我个折扣吧。
    2. we have to ask for another price reduction. 再给我们优惠点儿吧。
    3. lower the price, and i'll consider it. 价钱低一点我才会考虑。
    4. i can get this cheaper at other places. 这样东西我在别的地方可以买到更便宜的。
    5. make it cheaper. 便宜一点吧！
    6. i'd take it for 5 us dollars. 如果5美元的话我就买。
    7. i think i can get a cheaper one in other places. 我想我在别家能买到更便宜的。
    补充短语
    come on （表示鼓励）来吧，别这样
    21 i'm sorry, this is our rock bottom price.
    对不起，这是我们的最低价了。
    解析 ▲ rock bottom price指“最低价”。类似的表达还有lowest/minimum price。而“最高价”可以用peak price，maximum price，ceiling price，top price等来表达。
    学学这样说
    1. what's the lowest price you're willing to go? 最低你能给我什么价？
    2. you can get it at a 30% discount. 你可以以7折的价格买下它。
    3. buy one and get one free. 买一送一。
    4. items on this rack are 50% off. 这个架子上的东西打5折。
    5. we don't give discounts. 我们不打折。
    6. our price can't be matched. 我们的价格无人可比。
    7. that's as cheap as it can get. 不能再便宜了。
    8. it's already very cheap. 这已经很便宜了。
    应用对话
    steven: how about 1,000 us dollars?
    seller: i'm sorry, this is our rock bottom price.
    史蒂文：1千美元怎么样？
    卖家：对不起，这是我们的最低价了。
    22 it's a good buy.
    买得真划算。
    解析 ▲ 此处buy作名词讲，意为“交易，便宜货”，a good buy指“划算的东西，性价比高的商品”。
    语法tips
    英语中形容“买划算”还可以说：you got a good deal.或it is good value for money.其中good value for money意为“物有所值”。
    学学这样说
    1. alright, i'll buy this one. 好吧，我就要这个。
    2. i'll take it. 我买下它了。
    3. i will buy it. 我买了。
    23 i want to check out.
    我要结账。
    解析 ▲ check out在这里指“结账离开”，此外该短语还有“了解清楚，经证实是对的”之意，如：he wanted to check out the call（他想要追查那通电话）.或does her story check out（她的叙述核查了吗）?
    语法tips
    除了check out，英语中关于结账的表达还有pay for sth/settle the bill等。
    应用对话
    steven: hi, i want to check out.
    salesperson: okay. come with me.
    史蒂文：嘿，我要结账。
    售货员：好的，跟我来。
    24 can i pay by credit card?
    能刷卡吗？
    常用单词
    pay [pe?] v. 付款，偿还，补偿
    credit ['kred?t] n. 信誉，信用
    card [kɑ:d] n. 卡片，纸牌，明信片，信用卡
    学学这样说
    1. how can i pay? 我要如何付钱？
    2. can i buy it in installments? 我可以分期付款吗？
    3. may i pay by cheque? 我可以用支票付款吗？
    4. do you take traveler's checks? 你们接受旅行支票吗？
    5. do you accept cheque? 你们收支票吗？
    6. do you accept foreign currency? 你们收外币吗？
    补充短语
    traveler's checks 旅行支票
    foreign currency 外币，外汇
    25 will that be cash or credit card?
    您是用现金付账还是用信用卡？
    解析 ▲ 该句为收银员问顾客支付方式时的话语，此处的that指代的是“结账方式”。
    学学这样说
    1. how are you going to pay? 您要怎么付款呢？
    2. sorry sir, you can't use your check here. 对不起，先生，这里不能用支票。
    3. sorry, you can only pay cash. 对不起，只能付现金。
    4. you can pay a deposit of two hundred us dollars, and then one hundred us dollars a week. 你可以先付200美元订金，然后每周付100美元。
    5. we cannot accept foreign currency as payment here.
    我们这里不接受外币付款。
    6. we accept credit cards and cash. 我们接收信用卡和现金付账。
    7. i'm sorry, sir. we don't accept personal checks.
    对不起，先生，我们不收个人支票。
    8. i'll check the exchange rate. 我看一下汇率。
    9. your bill comes to us$105. 总共是105美元。
    10. here is your change of us$20. 这是找你的20美元。
    补充短语
    personal check 私人支票，个人支票
    exchange rate 汇率，兑换率
    26 keep the change, please.
    不必找零了。
    常用单词
    keep [ki:p] v. 保持，保留
    change [t?e?nd?] n. 零钱，找零
    学学这样说
    1. i'll pay it in cash. 我用现金付款。
    2. here is the money. 给你钱。
    3. i have no cash on me. 我没带现金。
    4. i haven't got enough cash. 我没带那么多现金。
    5. i'm afraid there is a mistake on this bill. 恐怕这张账单上有错误。
    补充短语
    in cash 用现金
    27 would you wrap it for me?
    你能帮我包起来吗？
    学学这样说
    1. can you give me the invoice? 能不能给我发票？
    2. add a pack of these, will you? 给我个袋子装起来，好吗？
    3. can i bother you to carry it to my car? 我能麻烦你把它搬到我车上吗？
    4. please do me a favor to put it in my car trunk. 请帮忙把它放进我车的后备厢里。
    补充短语
    bother sb to do sth 麻烦某人做某事

 会员优惠

    会员优惠
    01 would you like to apply for membership discount?
    请问你想申请会员优惠吗？
    常用单词
    membership ['memb???p] n. 会员
    学学这样说
    1. customers of our store can apply for a membership card to get discounts.
    我们商店的顾客可以申办会员卡，获得打折优惠。
    2. if you apply for a membership card at 40 us dollars per year, you can save at least 200 us dollars.
    如果您每年花40美元办一张会员卡，你可以省下至少200美元。
    3. you can apply for a vip card to enjoy the discount next time.
    您可以办理一张贵宾卡，下次消费时可以享受折扣。
    4. member's friends may enjoy the member preferential benefit.
    成为会员后，你的朋友来店里的同样可享受会员待遇。
    5. member's preferential policy is effective in each activity.
    会员的优惠政策在各类活动中都有效。
    6. on production of your membership card, you will receive a discount.
    持会员卡购物可享受折扣。
    补充短语
    vip card 贵宾卡
    preferential policy 优惠措施，优惠政策
    02 the holder should not lend or attorn the card.
    持卡者不能转借或转让该卡。
    常用单词
    holder ['h??ld?(r)] n. 持有者，支持物
    lend [lend] v. 把……借给，贷（款）
    attorn [?'t?:n] v. 转让
    学学这样说
    1. please fill in the form below, and select which preference item you want.
    填写下面的表格，并选出你所希望的优惠项目。
    2. if you lose your membership card, please notice us in time and apply for a replacement. 若您遗失了您的会员卡，请及时通知我们并补办新卡。
    3. here is your membership card and please hold it next time.
    这是你的会员卡，下次请持卡过来。
    4. this is a membership card. you can get a 20 percent discount next time.
    这是会员卡，下次来能打八折。
    补充短语
    in time 及时，迟早，最后
    03 can i have your membership card, please?
    请出示会员卡，好吗？
    语法tips
    “会员卡”的表达方式有membership/member/loyalty card。
    常用单词
    card [kɑ:d] n. 卡片，纸牌，明信片
    学学这样说
    1. if you want a special favour, you have to hold your member card.
    如果你想要特别优惠，就得持有会员卡。
    2. you can show your membership card and get two soft drinks.
    你可以出示会员卡领取两瓶软饮料。
    3. we allow our members a special discount of 5% against cash.
    对于付现金的会员，我们予以5%的特别折扣。
    4. if you already have a loyalty card, please fill in the following form.
    如果你已经有会员卡，请把下面的表填一下。
    5. i am sorry, you lapsed your membership. 对不起，你的会员资格已失效。
    6. only a vip card of our store can have the discount.
    只有拥有本店贵宾卡才能享受折扣。
    04 do you think it is necessary to apply for a membership card?
    你认为申请会员卡有必要吗？
    解析 ▲ it is necessary to do sth是一个比较常用的句型，指“做……很有必要”，其中it为形式主语，而真正的主语为to do结构。类似的用法还有it is important/vital/urgent to do。
    常用单词
    necessary ['nes?s?r?] adj. 必要的，强制的
    apply [?'pla?] v. 申请，请求
    学学这样说
    1. how can i get a membership card? 怎样能得到一张会员卡？
    2. my membership has just been renewed. 我刚刚恢复了会员资格。
    3. members have preference over non-members. 会员比起非会员能得到更多的优惠。
    4. i can lend you my membership card. 我可以把我的会员卡借给你。
    5. i can also get a special discount with my membership card.
    用我的会员卡，我也可以有特别的折扣。
    05 excuse me, how can i get special discount coupons?
    麻烦问一下，我怎样才能得到打折优惠券？
    语法tips
    excuse me在英语口语中使用十分普遍，一般在打扰别人、吸引别人注意或打断别人谈话时使用，常用的翻译有“请问，劳驾，对不起”。
    常用单词
    special ['spe?l] adj. 特殊的，专门的，专用的
    coupon ['ku:p?n] n. 优惠券
    学学这样说
    1. if you buy these goods, you'll get special discount coupons.
    如果你买这些商品，你就会得到打折优惠券。
    2. it can be exchanged for shopping coupons. 它可以换成购物券来用。
    3. you get a coupon for every 3 gallons of petrol. 每买3加仑的汽油就可获得1张优惠券。
    4. i will take 9 bags of sugar so that i can get 3 coupons.
    我要买9袋糖，这样就可以得到3张优惠券。
    应用对话
    steven: excuse me, how can i get special discount coupons?
    salesperson: buy more and you will get more.
    史蒂文：麻烦问一下，我怎样才能得到打折优惠券？
    售货员：多买多送。
    06 sorry, your coupons are beyond their expiry date.
    对不起，你的优惠券过期了。
    常用单词
    beyond [b?'j?nd] prep. 超过，越过
    expiry [?k'spa??r?] n. 终止，满期
    学学这样说
    1. can i buy these by shopping coupons? 我能用购物优惠券买这些吗？
    2. i kept the coupon from the fast food restaurant, so that i can get my next box cheaper. 我留下了快餐店上的优惠券，这样我下次买时可以便宜些。
    3. i want to take advantage of this coupon before it expires.
    我想在这个优惠券到期之前用掉它。
    4. i have a coupon for ten pence off a packet of soap.
    我有一张优惠券，买一盒肥皂可以便宜10便士。
    5. tear off this coupon and use it to get 25 pence off your next jar of coffee.
    撕下这张优惠券，用它再买一罐咖啡可省25便士。
    补充短语
    take advantage of 利用
    tear off 撕掉，揭
    07 shopping vouchers are often a good means of attracting customers.
    购物优惠券通常是吸引顾客的好方法。
    语法tips
    表达“一种方法”除了a means of外，还可以用a method of，a way of。
    常用单词
    voucher ['va?t??(r)] n. 代金券，证件
    attract [?'tr?kt] v. 吸引，诱惑
    customer ['k?st?m?(r)] n. 顾客，客户
    学学这样说
    1. the coupon can be used at least one year. 这张优惠券至少可以用一年。
    2. you need to use it within its expiry date. 你需要在过期之前把它用了。
    3. each year 58 percent consumers pay in coupons.
    每年有58%的消费者用优惠券结账。
    4. the voucher can be used at most supermarkets. 这张优惠券可在大多数超市里用。
    5. they are not common discount vouchers. 它们不是普通的优惠券。
    6. you can save much if you buy these goods by discount vouchers.
    如果你用优惠券买这些东西，可以省下好多钱。
    08 how much discount can i get if i use it to buy goods next time?
    如果我下次用它去买东西，会优惠多少钱呢？
    学学这样说
    1. he redeemed several coupons from store. 他从商店里兑现了几张优惠券。
    2. i have a coupon for buying one hamburger with one free.
    我有一张优惠券，可以买一个汉堡送一个汉堡。
    3. "two for one" coupon means 50% off?
    “两人同行，一人免费”优惠券的意思是半价吗？
    4. to order, fill out the coupon on page 54. 想要订购此商品，请填好第54页上的优惠券。
    随机测验
    you _____ as well give me some coupons.
    a. might b. could c. must d. can
    翻译
    你不妨给我些优惠券。
    答案：a
    提示：might/may as well为固定词组，指“不妨，最好……，还是……为好”。

 售后服务

    售后服务
    01 can you have this delivered?
    你们有送货服务吗？
    语法tips
    have sth done指“使╱请别人做某事”，其中done作sth的宾语补足语，两者之间为被动关系。
    学学这样说
    1. by the way, do you have delivery service? 顺便问一下，你们有送货服务吗？
    2. can you tell me the delivery time? 能告诉我送货时间吗？
    3. do you charge for delivery? 送货要收费吗？
    4. if you deliver it to my door, i wonder if you will charge anything for that.
    如果你送货上门，我想知道你们是否会收费。
    5. could you deliver it to this address? 你能把它送到这个地址吗？
    补充短语
    delivery service 送货服务
    charge for 要价，收费
    02 let me confirm your address so that i can give our courier service.
    我要确认你的地址以提供快递服务。
    解析 ▲ so that引导目的状语从句，指“以便，为了”。而so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
    常用单词
    confirm [k?n'f?:m] v. 确认，证实
    address [?'dres] n. 地址，演说，称呼
    学学这样说
    1. i wonder where you live. 我想知道您住在什么地方。
    2. please write down your name and your phone number. 请留下您的姓名和电话号码。
    3. please give me your personal information, especially address.
    请留下你的个人信息，尤其是地址。
    4. would you kindly fill in your name and address? 请您填写姓名和住址好吗？
    5. this is my address and you can send it there. 这是我的住址，你们可以送到那里。
    03 the goods are delivered free of charge within city limits.
    市内免费送货上门。
    语法tips
    英语中表达“免费”的词组有free of charge/for free/without charge等。
    常用单词
    deliver [d?'l?v?(r)] v. 递送，发表，交付
    free [fri:] adj. 免费的，自由的，免税的
    学学这样说
    1. to save customers' time, we offer a free delivery service.
    为了节省顾客时间，我们提供免费送货服务。
    2. door-to-door service is the consistent style of our shop.
    服务上门，是本店一贯的做法。
    3. we offer a nationwide delivery service. 我们提供全国范围的送货服务。
    4. we provide free delivery and installation. 我们免费送货和安装。
    5. home delivery is one of our shop's services. 送货上门，是本店的服务内容之一。
    6. we will provide a door-step delivery service. 我们会推出送货上门的服务。
    7. we make free home delivery for customers during the spring festival.
    春节期间，我们为顾客提供免费的送货上门服务。
    8. every product purchased from us will be delivered quickly to your door, sometimes in less than 24 hours.
    凡从我们公司购买的商品均可快速送货上门，有时会在24小时之内送达。
    04 i have arranged for your goods to be delivered to your door.
    我已为你安排好送货上门。
    解析 ▲ arrange for为固定短语，意为“为……做准备，安顿”。arrange with sb to do sth则指“与某人商定或谈妥做某事”。
    常用单词
    arrange [?'re?nd?] v. 安排，准备，筹划
    door [d?:(r)] n. 门，户
    学学这样说
    1. you don't need to carry the furniture home yourself because we have delivery service. 你不必自己把家具搬回家，因为我们有送货服务。
    2. your sofa will be delivered to your door as scheduled the next day.
    您的沙发将于第二天如期送达。
    3. we guarantee to deliver tomorrow. 我们保证明天送货。
    4. surcharges may be made for deliveries beyond normal hours.
    非规定时间内送货要收取额外费用。
    5. delivery service is available for a slight extra charge.
    多付一点费用就可以送货到家。
    05 goods can be exchanged only when a valid sales slip is produced.
    只有出示有效发票才能调换商品。
    解析 ▲ good作名词时，意为“好处，善良”，为不可数名词。该句中的goods指的是“商品，货物”。
    常用单词
    valid ['v?l?d] adj. 有效的，有法律效力的
    produce [pr?'dju:s] v. 出示，制造
    学学这样说
    1. if it is not damaged by human error, you can exchange it for a new one.
    若非人为破坏，你可以换个新的。
    2. you can only change it for goods with the same price or lower.
    你只能把它调换成同等价位或是较低价位的商品。
    3. you can change it if it's within the guarantee period.
    如果在质保期内你可以换货。
    4. we accept returns within seven days after purchase, but we do not cover shipping and handling. 7天内都可以退换货，但是我们不承担运输和装卸费用。
    5. goods in our shop are not exchangeable. 本店商品售出概不退换。
    06 you can return most items for a full refund within 30 days.
    大部分商品在30天内可以退全款。
    常用单词
    return [r?'t?:n] v. 送还，返回，复发
    item ['a?t?m] n. 一件商品（或物品），一则，条款
    refund ['ri:f?nd] n. 资金偿还，退款
    学学这样说
    1. you must take care of your receipt. 你一定要保管好收据。
    2. our return policy is on the back of the receipt. 我们的退货规定就在收据的背面。
    3. if the shoes do not wear well, we will refund them. 如果鞋子不禁穿，我们将退款。
    4. it can be refunded if there's something wrong with it. 如果质量有问题，可以退款。
    5. return your purchase within 14 days for a full refund. 购买14天内可以退全款。
    补充短语
    return policy 退货政策，商品退换细则
    07 i found a stain here and i'd like to exchange it for another one.
    我发现这里有污渍，我想换一件。
    语法tips
    another，the other和other的区别：another为泛指，表示“总数为三个及三个以上中任意的“另一个”；the other为特指，描述的是两个中的“另一个”；other表示“其他，另外”，之后一般跟复数名词。
    常用单词
    exchange [?ks't?e?nd?] v. 调换，交换
    another [?'n?e?(r)] adj. 又一个，再一个，另一的
    学学这样说
    1. hi, where do i go to return it? 嗨，我该去哪儿办理退货？
    2. i'd like to return this. 我想退货。
    3. i want to exchange the blue sweater for a red one.
    我想把这件蓝色毛衣换成红色的。
    4. may i have another brand instead? 可以换另一种牌子的吗？
    5. can i get a refund for this? 我能要求退款吗？
    08 we only allow to exchange it rather than give a refund.
    我们只允许换货，不允许退货。
    解析 ▲ rather than用作连词时，连接两个平行结构，表示“而不是，宁可……也不愿”。注意其不同于other than（不同于，除了）和sooner than（比……更早）。
    学学这样说
    1. why do you want to exchange it? 你为什么要换货？
    2. do you have a receipt? 您有收据吗？
    3. you can't return it, because it's one day past due. 不能退了，因为已经过期一天了。
    4. we only take goods back if you can produce the receipt.
    只有你出示收据，我们才能予以退货。
    5. ok, we will refund your money in full. 好的，我们将退你全款。
    补充短语
    take back 收回，领回 in full 充足，十足
    09 how long is the warranty?
    保修期多久？
    语法tips
    how long，how often和how soon都有“多久”之意，但具体含义有所区别：how long是对一段时间（如two days）提问；how often是对频率（如twice a year）提问，即“每隔多久”；how soon是对将来的一段时间（如in an hour）提问，即“再过多久”。
    学学这样说
    1. do you have a warranty on this one? 这件商品有保修吗？
    2. how about repairs after the warranty expires? 那过保修期之后的修理怎么办呢？
    3. could you tell me more about your after-sales service?
    你能告诉我更多有关你们售后服务的情况吗？
    4. are regular repairs free? 定期维修是免费的吗？
    应用对话
    steven: how long is the warranty?
    seller: it is two years and covers parts and free service.
    史蒂文：保修多长时间？
    卖家：保修期两年，包括提供零部件和免费维修。
    10 attempting to disassemble the product can damage it and thus will void your warranty.
    拆开产品可能会对它造成损坏并让您失去保修权利。
    常用单词
    disassemble ['d?s?'sembl] v. 解开，分解
    void [v??d] v. 使无效，宣布……作废
    warranty ['w?r?nt?] n.（商品等的）保修单，保证，根据
    学学这样说
    1. this mobile phone can be returned for repair under warranty.
    这个手机在保修期内可以返修。
    2. this warranty service applies to the product only, and does not cover installation. 保修服务只适用于产品，不包括安装工序。
    3. after the expiration of the guarantee, we only charge for the replacement parts. 保修期过了以后，我们只收取更换零件的费用。
    4. watches to be repaired under warranty must be returned with a complete original warranty card. 保修期交修的手表须附有完整的原始保修卡。
    5. this guarantee is valid only when accompanied by dated proof of purchase.
    该保修卡只有附上标有购买日期的购物单方可生效。
    6. our shop sells goods with three guarantees—refund, replacement and compensation. 凡本店售出的商品一律实行包退包换包赔制度。
    补充短语
    under warranty 在保修期内
    warranty card 保修卡
    11 the warranty period of our products is 18 months from purchase.
    我们产品的保修期为购买产品后的18个月。
    解析 ▲ warranty period指“保修期”，类似的表达还有guarantee period和maintenance period。
    学学这样说
    1. the tv set has a one-year guarantee. 这台电视机有一年的保修期。
    2. this clock is guaranteed for one year against mechanical failure or faulty workmanship. 这个钟对机械故障或制造缺陷有一年的保修期。
    3. this car has a six-month guarantee for all repairs. 这辆车可以保修6个月。
    4. this new washing machine carries a two-year guarantee.
    这台新洗衣机附带了两年的保修证。
    5. if the watch breaks down within a year, we will fix it free of change.
    如果这块手表在一年之内出现故障，我们将会免费维修。
    6. we guarantee the quality of the product we sold for two years.
    对于售出的商品，我们2年内都保证其质量。
    7. we provide free delivery and installation, along with a two-year warranty that covers parts and free service.
    我们提供免费送货和安装。保修期两年，包括提供零部件和免费维修。
    补充短语
    break down 损坏，失败
    along with 伴随，连同
    12 but you have to bring your receipt and the warranty certificate with you.
    但你必须带收据和保修卡来。
    常用单词
    receipt [r?'si:t] n. 收据，发票
    certificate [s?'t?f?k?t] n. 证明，文凭
    学学这样说
    1. your warranty has expired. 您的保修卡过期了。
    2. our service center is responsible for it. 我们的服务中心负责处理这件事。
    3. i'll send a mechanic to repair them immediately. 我会马上派修理工过去修理。
    4. we will repair for you without charge. 我们会免费为你修理的。
    5. is it still under warranty? 它还在保修期内吗？
    应用对话
    steven: i bought this hair dryer here yesterday, but it broke down today.
    seller: can you show me the receipt?
    史蒂文：我昨天在这儿买了个吹风机，可今天就坏了。
    卖家：你能让我看看收据吗？
    note

 日常起居

    日常起居
    01 it's time for you to get up.
    你该起床了。
    语法tips
    it's time for sb to do sth指“是某人该做某事的时候了”，其中不定式为sb所发出的动作。其与it's time for sth的区别在于，后者中介词for后跟表示事物的名词，指要做的事情。
    学学这样说
    1. hey, jack, wake up and get out of bed. 嘿，杰克，醒一醒，起床啦。
    2. get out of bed and have breakfast. 起床吃早饭吧！
    3. you'd better get up now, or you'll be late. 你最好现在就起床，否则要迟到了。
    4. rise and shine! 起床！
    5. it's 7 o'clock, and you have to get up now. 7点了，你现在得起床了。
    6. john, are you up? 约翰，起床了吗。
    7. the early bird gets the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
    补充短语
    get out of bed 起床，起身
    02 don't forget to fold up your quilt.
    不要忘记叠被子。
    常用单词
    fold [f??ld] v. 折叠，合拢
    quilt [kw?lt] n. 被子，棉被
    学学这样说
    1. you must put on more clothes. 你必须穿多一点衣服。
    2. please get your dress in the wardrobe. 请在衣柜里找你的裙子。
    3. don't forget to make your bed. 别忘了铺床。
    4. you spend too much time getting dressed. 你穿衣服用的时间太长了。
    5. please dress the baby, mike. 迈克，请给孩子穿衣服。
    6. don't overclothe the child—she will fell. 别给那个孩子穿过多衣——她会热。
    补充短语
    make bed 整理床铺
    get dressed 穿衣服
    03 what time do you rise in the morning?
    你早上什么时候起床？
    常用单词
    rise [ra?z] v. 起床，上升
    morning ['m?:n??] n. 早晨，上午
    学学这样说
    1. what time do you wake up? 你通常什么时候醒来？
    2. did you get up at five or six yesterday? 昨天你5点起床还是6点起床的？
    3. what time are you going to get up tomorrow? 明天你打算什么时候起床？
    4. are you out of bed yet? 你已经起床了吗？
    5. why do you rise so early? 你为什么那么早起床？
    应用对话
    julia: what time do you rise in the morning?
    steven: i usually get up at six thirty, but during holidays i get up at ten.
    茱莉娅：你早上什么时候起床？
    史蒂文：我通常是6点半起床，但在假期里我10点起床。
    04 i am not used to getting up so early.
    我不习惯这么早起床。
    语法tips
    be used to指“习惯于”，其后跟名词、代词或v-ing形式；而used to则指“过去，过去时常”，其后跟动词原形，如：i used to get up at seven o'clock（我过去经常7点起床）.
    学学这样说
    1. i never rise late. 我从来没有起晚过。
    2. i always rise with the bell. 我总是听到铃声就起床。
    3. i didn't go to bed until twelve last night, so i got up late.
    昨晚我12点才睡觉，因此今天起晚了。
    4. i need to get up at six. 我需要在6点起床。
    5. i should get up earlier. 我应该早点起床。
    6. i always show a leg early. 我总是很早起床。
    7. i just got up and i'm still in pajamas. 我刚刚起床，还穿着睡衣。
    8. it is my habit to get up at five thirty. 五点半起床是我的习惯。
    9. mom always lets me get up at the same time. 妈妈总是叫我在同一个时间起床。
    补充短语
    go to bed 去睡觉
    show a leg 起床
    05 he got up at daybreak this morning.
    他今天早上天刚亮就起床了。
    常用单词
    up [?p] adv. 在上面，起床，向上
    daybreak ['de?bre?k] n. 黎明，天亮
    学学这样说
    1. susan rose with the lark. 苏珊一大早就起床了。
    2. my brother always gets up earlier than me. 哥哥总是比我起得早。
    3. my husband got up late this morning and missed the bus.
    我丈夫今早起晚了，错过了公共汽车。
    4. rose got up late, so she missed the first bus. 罗斯起晚了，以至于错过了头班车。
    5. he hates getting up so early. 他讨厌这么早起床。
    6. the sun had risen up when he got up. 他起床时太阳已经升起。
    7. like most young people, my daughter hates getting up in the morning.
    跟大多数年轻人一样，我女儿早上不愿意起床。
    补充短语
    rise up 上升，耸立
    in the morning 在早晨，在早上
    06 it is time that we went to bed.
    我们该上床睡觉了。
    语法tips
    it is (high/about) time that...为虚拟语气的句型，that从句的谓语动词通常用过去式，或“should+动词原形”，且should不可省略。该结构表示“某人该做某事了”，含有早该去做而未做之意。
    学学这样说
    1. now is bedtime. 现在该去睡觉了。
    2. you had better go to sleep now. 你最好现在去睡觉。
    3. off to bed! 睡觉去！
    4. get ready for bed. 准备好去睡觉。
    5. be a good boy and go to sleep. 乖孩子，睡觉去。
    6. why don't you go to bed earlier? 你为什么不早点睡觉呢？
    7. you should sleep now and get up early to run.
    你应该现在就睡觉，明天早点起来去跑步。
    8. if you don't sleep well tonight, you'll be sleepy all day tomorrow.
    如果你今晚不休息好的话，明天一天你都会犯困的。
    补充短语
    go to sleep 入睡
    get ready for 准备好……
    07 be sure to put out the lights before you sleep.
    睡觉之前一定要关灯。
    解析 ▲ be sure to为固定结构，意为“必定，务必”，类似表达为make sure to。
    学学这样说
    1. did you lock the doors? 你把门都锁上了吗？
    2. please close the front door before you fall asleep. 请在睡前关上前门。
    3. put out the fire before going to bed. 睡觉之前先熄掉炉火。
    4. remember to take your make-up off before you fall asleep. 记得睡前要卸妆。
    5. good night. 晚安。
    6. have a good dream. 做个好梦。
    补充短语
    fall asleep 入睡，睡着
    08 i shall have a hot bath, then go to bed.
    我要去洗个热水澡，然后睡觉。
    常用单词
    shall [??l] aux. 应，会，将
    bath [bɑ:θ] n. 沐浴，洗澡
    学学这样说
    1. well, i'm going to bed. 嗯，我睡觉去了。
    2. i put on my pajamas before going to bed. 睡觉前，我要穿上睡衣。
    3. i will lie down and go to sleep soon. 我马上躺下来睡觉。
    应用对话
    julia: steven, it's ten o'clock. i shall have a hot bath, then go to bed.
    steven: okay. i'm going to stay up for a while.
    茱莉娅：史蒂文，10点了。我要去洗个热水澡，然后睡觉。
    史蒂文：好吧。我要再待会儿。
    09 i didn't fall asleep until 1 o'clock last night.
    昨天晚上我直到零辰1点才睡着。
    常用单词
    until [?n't?l] prep./conj. 到……为止，在……以前
    学学这样说
    1. i seldom go to bed before midnight. 我很少在午夜之前就寝。
    2. you must adapt yourself to staying up late. 你得使自己习惯于很晚睡觉。
    3. there is no harm in your staying up late occasionally. 偶尔晚睡并无大碍。
    4. staying up late does you harm at your age. 你这样的年纪，晚睡不好。
    5. you should not have stayed up late. 你本不该那么晚才睡。
    6. tired as i was, i sat up late. 我虽然疲倦，可仍然很晚才睡。
    7. i am really a night person. 我是个夜猫子。
    补充短语
    adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于某事
    stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
    do sb harm 伤害某人，加害于人
    10 i sleep soundly all night long.
    整个晚上我睡得很沉。
    解析 ▲ all night long意为“整夜，终夜”，为时间状语。
    常用单词
    soundly ['sa?ndl?] adv. 酣睡地，完好地
    night [na?t] n. 夜，晚上
    学学这样说
    1. he sleeps deeply but wakes early. 他睡得很熟但醒得很早。
    2. i haven't been sleeping well for a month. 我有一个月的时间没睡好觉了。
    3. i stir now and again in my sleep. 我睡觉时翻来覆去。
    4. i didn't sleep well last night. 昨晚我睡得不好。
    5. it seems that you haven't enough sleep lately. 好像你最近睡眠不足。
    6. my naughty brother are causing me to lose sleep. 淘气的弟弟让我睡不着觉。
    11 i stick to a regular bedtime.
    我坚持每晚按时睡觉。
    常用单词
    regular ['regj?l?(r)] adj. 有规律的，整齐的
    bedtime ['bedta?m] n. 就寝时间
    学学这样说
    1. jack always goes to bed around midnight. 杰克总是午夜前后才睡觉。
    2. his bedtime is ten o'clock. 他的就寝时间是10点。
    3. i always tell my niece a story before her sleep. 侄女睡觉之前我总讲故事给她听。
    4. we seldom stay up all night. 我们很少整夜不睡觉。
    随机测验
    a: it's time to get up.
    b: oh, please let me sleep ______.
    a. other 5 minutes b. more 5 minutes c. another 5 minutes d. 5 minutes more
    翻译
    a：该起床了。
    b：哦，让我再睡五分钟吧。
    答案：c
    提示：“另外五分钟”的正确表达为another 5 minutes或5 more minutes。注意表示“另外……”时，数字应放在more之前，another之后。
    12 i was beat and went to bed.
    我疲惫不堪，上床睡觉了。
    解析 ▲ beat作形容词，多用于口语，指“（体力或情绪上）疲惫不堪的”，描述“疲惫的”的表达还有tired (out)/weary/exhausted等。
    学学这样说
    1. i was sleepy but i couldn't sleep. 我很困，可就是睡不着。
    2. he has gone to rest. 他去睡觉了。
    3. they all went to sleep except jack. 除杰克之外，他们都去睡觉了。
    4. we have no choice but to sleep. 我们别无选择，只好睡觉。
    补充短语
    go to rest 就寝，去睡觉
    have no choice but to 别无他法，只好，不得不

 饮食保健

    饮食保健
    01 good eating habits help to fortify the body against disease.
    好的饮食习惯有助于强身防病。
    常用单词
    eating ['i:t??] n. 吃，食物
    fortify ['f?:t?fa?] v. 加强，增强
    disease [d?'zi:z] n. 疾病，弊端，不安
    学学这样说
    1. feed by measure and defy the physician. 饮食有节度，谢绝医生来。
    2. there's a lot to be said for eating sensibly. 饮食合理的好处不胜枚举。
    3. a healthy diet creates a body resistant to disease.
    健康饮食有助于增强身体对疾病的抵抗力。
    4. a balanced diet is healthy. 均衡饮食有利于健康。
    应用对话
    susan: steven, you are always in good shape. how do you keep it?
    steven: i pay much attention to my daily diet. you know, good eating habits help to fortify the body against disease.
    苏珊：史蒂文，你看上去总是状态良好，你是怎么保持的？
    史蒂文：我很注重日常饮食。你知道的，好的饮食习惯有助于强身防病。
    02 we all know that the regular eating of green food can promote health and prolong life.
    我们都知道常吃绿色食品可以促进健康、延年益寿。
    语法tips
    英语中，表达“大家都知道，众所周知”的结构和短语包括：we all know that..., it is well known that..., as we all know, as everyone knows, as is known to all等。
    学学这样说
    1. i think eating more vegetables and less meat is good for your health.
    我觉得多吃蔬菜少吃肉对你的健康有益。
    2. doctors advise people to eat more fruits and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork. 医生建议人们多吃水果和蔬菜，少吃牛肉、猪肉等肉类。
    3. people should have a balanced diet with more fruits and vegetables and limited amount of fatty and fried food.人们应该均衡饮食，多吃水果和蔬菜，少吃脂肪类或油炸的食物。
    4. milk is good for building strong bones and teeth. 多喝牛奶有益增强骨骼和牙齿。
    5. maybe these nutrients are helpful to your health. 或许这些营养品对你的健康有帮助。
    补充短语
    be good for 有效，利于
    above all 首要的是，最重要的是
    03 excessive drinking does harm to the system.
    过度饮酒对身体有害。
    语法tips
    excessive与excess的区别：excessive为形容词，指“过度的，过分的，过多的”；excess有形容词、名词两种词性，作形容词时，指“超重的，额外的”，如excess travel expenses（额外的差旅费），作名词时，意为“超过，多余的量”。
    常用单词
    drinking ['dr??k??] n. 喝饮料，喝酒
    harm [hɑ:m] n. 损害，伤害
    system ['s?st?m] n. 体系，身体，制度
    学学这样说
    1. rough skin can be caused by bad diet. 饮食不好可能引起皮肤粗糙。
    2. he is sick from overeating. 他因暴饮暴食而感到恶心。
    3. overindulgence clogs body and mind. 暴饮暴食有害身心。
    4. his illness comes of drinking too much. 他生病是因为喝太多酒。
    04 we should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
    我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
    解析 ▲ keep good hours为固定用法，意为“早睡早起，早出早归”。
    学学这样说
    1. control appetite. 控制饮食。
    2. do not drink deep. 不要大量饮酒。
    3. it is unsuitable to swim after a meal or drinking. 饭后、饮酒后不宜游泳。
    4. it's a good habit to go for a walk after supper. 晚饭后散步是个好习惯。
    补充短语
    drink deep 痛饮，饮酒过多
    go for a walk 散步
    05 exercise is good for our body as well as for the mind.
    运动有益身心健康。
    语法tips
    词组as well as和as well虽然只差了一个单词，但是意义却有所不同。as well as用来连接两个并列成分，表示“也，还”。as well常用作状语，相当于too或also。
    常用单词
    exercise ['eks?sa?z] n. 练习，运动
    body ['b?d?] n. 身体，团体
    mind [ma?nd] n. 心，精神，头脑
    学学这样说
    1. early to bed and early to rise is a healthy lifestyle.
    早睡早起是一种健康的生活方式。
    2. early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy and wise.
    早睡早起使人健康而聪明。
    3. it is good for you to stroll every day. 每天散步对你有益。
    4. sports benefit our health and help to generate a sense of well-being and cohesiveness in society. 运动能强身健体、愉悦身心，并能增强社会的凝聚力。
    06 to some extent, regular physical check-ups are necessary.
    在一定程度上，定期检查身体是有必要的。
    解析 ▲ to some extent意为“在一定程度上”，可以用to a certain degree来进行替换。physical check-up指“健康检查，身体检查”。
    学学这样说
    1. children need regular physical check-ups to make sure that they are healthy.
    孩子们需要定期检查身体以确保健康。
    2. the best way to avoid serious illnesses is to find out about them early.
    避免患上严重疾病的最好方法是早点发现它们。
    3. we should go to the hospital for regular physical check-ups.
    我们应该定期到医院检查身体。
    4. i had the doctors do the test three times. 医生已经给我检查了三次。
    补充短语
    make sure 确定，确保
    find out 找出，查明
    07 a regimen that suits one person may not suit another.
    适合这个人的养生方法不一定适合另外一个人。
    常用单词
    regimen ['red??m?n] n. 疗程，养生法
    suit [su:t] v. 适合于（某人），适宜
    学学这样说
    1. i tried walking for my health and amusement. 我为了健康和乐趣尝试步行。
    2. under such a regimen you'll certainly live long. 你按照这样的养生法一定可以长寿。
    3. the doctor recommends sea baths for my health. 医生推荐我进行海水浴来养生。
    补充短语
    sea baths 海水浴

 房屋租售

    房屋租售
    01 i would like to see the apartment you advertised.
    我想看一下你登广告的那套公寓。
    解析 ▲ you advertised为定语从句，修饰先行词apartment，由于关系代词that/which在定语从句中作宾语，所以此处将其省略。
    常用单词
    apartment [?'pɑ:tm?nt] n. 寓所，住房
    学学这样说
    1. you must be mr. smith. 你一定是史密斯先生吧。
    2. it sounds nice. 这听起来不错。
    3. i like the apartment, mr. smith. 我很喜欢这套公寓，史密斯先生。
    4. please show me the lease. 请给我看看租约。
    02 the former tenant just moved out yesterday, so we haven't
    cleaned it yet. 上一位房客昨天刚搬走，所以我们还没打扫房间。
    语法tips
    yet和already都有“已经，还”的意思，其区别在于前者多用于否定句和疑问句中，且常置于句尾，而already通常用于肯定句中，可置于句中或句末。
    常用单词
    former ['f?:m?(r)] adj. 以前的，先前的
    tenant ['ten?nt] n. 房客，佃户
    学学这样说
    1. nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
    2. please ignore the mess. 请不要介意，这儿有点乱。
    3. there's no hurry. 不用急。
    4. we'll have it ready for occupancy within the week.
    我们这个星期之内就会把房间整理好让你住进去。
    03 i'm looking for a one-bedroom apartment with a den.
    我要找一个卧室带小书房的公寓。
    常用单词
    bedroom ['bedru:m] n. 卧室，寝室
    den [den] n. 小房间，（供读书等用的）私室
    随机测验
    since we have a baby, we need a ______ apartment.
    a. two-bedroom b. two bedroom c. two-bedrooms d. second-bedroom
    翻译
    因为我们有个小孩，所以我们要一个有两间卧室的公寓。
    答案：a
    提示：“基数词+连字符+名词”可用来作定语修饰名词，且连字符连接的名词需用单数形式。
    04 are there shopping centers and grocery stores nearby?
    附近有购物中心和杂货店吗？
    常用单词
    grocery ['gr??s?r?] n. 食品杂货店，食品杂货
    nearby ['n??ba?] adv. 附近地，不远地
    学学这样说
    1. is this area pretty safe? 这片地区安全吗？
    2. could i take a look at it first? 我能先看看吗？
    3. is there air conditioning? 有空调吗？
    4. i'd like to lease it for one year. 我想租一年。
    补充短语
    take a look at... 看看……
    05 the apartment is on the eighth floor.
    公寓在八楼。
    解析 ▲ 英语中楼层的表示方法为“the+序数词+floor”，如the first/second/third floor。
    常用单词
    on [?n] prep. 在……上，在……之时
    floor [fl?:(r)] n. 楼层，地面
    学学这样说
    1. what size apartment do you need? 你需要多大的公寓？
    2. how soon do you need an apartment? 你需要多快拿到公寓？
    3. let me get the key. 我来拿一下钥匙。
    4. let me show you the way. 我来为您带路。
    06 the refrigerator is new; the stove and the microwave oven are less than half a year.
    冰箱是全新的，炉子和微波炉才用了不到半年。
    常用单词
    refrigerator [r?'fr?d??re?t?(r)] n. 冰箱，冷藏库
    stove [st??v] n. 炉，火炉
    microwave ['ma?kr?we?v] n. 微波，微波炉
    学学这样说
    1. the elevator operates twenty-four hours a day. 电梯全天24小时运行。
    2. a compact sitting room of the same genre is outside.
    外面是间具有同样格调的小起居室。
    3. this is the combination of living room and dining room. 这是客厅兼餐厅。
    4. here's the kitchen. it's small, but fully equipped. 厨房在这儿。厨房虽小，但设备齐全。
    5. there's central air conditioning and heating. 有中央空调和供暖系统。
    6. the thermostat is in the living room. 调温器在客厅里。
    补充短语
    living room 客厅，起居室
    dining room 餐厅
    air conditioning 空气调节装置，空调
    07 are the maintenance fee and utilities included in the rent?
    维修费和水电费包括在租金内吗？
    常用单词
    maintenance ['me?nt?n?ns] n. 维持，保养，维护
    fee [fi:] n. 费用，（加入组织或做某事付的）费
    utilities [ju:'t?l?t?z] n. 水、电、煤气和垃圾处理等费用，公共事业设备
    学学这样说
    1. how much is the rent? 租金是多少？
    2. is there management fee or parking fee? 有没有管理费或停车费？
    3. do the furniture and the appliances come with the apartment?
    家具和电器包括在一起吗？
    4. what is the security deposit? 保证金是多少？
    5. do you refund the security deposit later? 你们以后会退还押金吗？
    6. when is the rent due? 什么时候付房租？
    补充短语
    management fee 管理费用，信托投资管理费
    parking fee 停车费
    security deposit 保证金
    08 the rent is due no later than the fifth of the month.
    房租每月五号之前要付清。
    解析 ▲ 此处due指“到期的，预期的”。有关due的常见搭配包括due to（由于，因为）和in due course（在适当的时候，到一定的时候）。
    语法tips
    英语中日期的表达方法：美式英语为“月+日+年”，英式英语中为“日+月+年”，因此最好避免把整个日期都用数字表示，以免造成误解。“日子”用基数词和序数词表示均可，如april 2nd/2。
    学学这样说
    1. it includes water but not gas or electricity. 包括水，但天然气和电不包括在内。
    2. it's six hundred us dollars per month, including utilities. 一个月600美元，包括水电费。
    3. you need to leave two months' rent as a deposit. 你需要付两个月的租金作为押金。
    4. the deposit will be refunded to you at the end of your lease. 定金在你租约期满后归还。
    09 could you spare time to take a look?
    您能空出时间去看一下吗？
    解析 ▲ spare time to do指“抽时间做”，类似的表达还有get around to doing，如：don't worry, i will get around to it as soon as possible（别担心，我会尽快抽时间处理这件事的）.
    学学这样说
    1. we do have such an apartment. 我们还真有一套这样的房子。
    2. what do you need? 您有什么条件吗？
    3. are you familiar with the neighborhood here? 你对附近的环境熟悉吗？
    4. please feel free to look around the house. 请进来随便参观。
    5. would you tell me something about that house?
    你能告诉我一些有关那栋房子的事情吗？
    6. i need to look at the house before i can make you an offer.
    我需要先看看房子，然后才能给你出个价钱。
    补充短语
    look around （四处）转转，参观
    make an offer 出价
    10 is the location easily accessible?
    交通便利吗？
    解析 ▲ accessible在此处指“易到达的，易进入的”，与accessible有关的常见搭配为be accessible to（可接近的，可以理解的）。此外该句还可以表达为：is it conveniently located?
    常用单词
    location [l??'ke??n] n. 位置，场所
    easily ['i:z?l?] adv. 容易地，迅速地
    accessible [?k'ses?bl] adj. 易接近的，可理解的
    学学这样说
    1. how is your property's orientation and view? 你的房子的朝向及景观怎样？
    2. what is the area of your property? 你的房子有多大面积？
    3. may i know the size, the layout and the view of the house?
    能否告诉我那套房子的面积、格局和景观是怎样的吗？
    4. would you show me the floor plan? 给我看看房屋平面图好吗？
    5. when will your property become available? 请问你的房子何时可以交付？
    6. how many bedrooms and living rooms are there? 有多少间卧室和客厅？
    11 it's located near the college and it's a decent neighborhood.
    房子坐落于大学附近，在一个相当好的社区。
    常用单词
    locate [l??'ke?t] v. 位于，定位
    decent ['di:snt] adj. 相当好的，正派的
    neighborhood ['ne?b?h?d] n. 居民区，街坊，附近
    学学这样说
    1. its gross area is about three hundred square feet. 总面积约300平方英尺。
    2. the neighborhood seems nice and quiet. 周围环境不错，很安静。
    3. it's near a bus stop. 挨着公交车站。
    4. it has three bedrooms, a living room, a family room, a kitchen, etc.
    它有三个卧房、一间客厅、一间娱乐室、一个厨房等。
    应用对话
    julia: what about the surroundings?
    steven: it's located near the college and it's a decent neighborhood.
    茱莉娅：周围环境怎么样？
    史蒂文：房子坐落于大学附近，在一个相当好的社区。
    12 in addition to the principal and interest, you will have to pay insurance and property tax.
    除了本金和利息外，你还要付房子的保险和地产税。
    解析 ▲ in addition to指“除……之外”，相当于besides和apart from。此外，in addition还可以单独使用，指“除此之外，并且”。
    学学这样说
    1. what is your price range? 您可以接受什么价格范围内的房子？
    2. you'll find our price compares favorably with any other house's in this area.
    你会发现我们的房价比本地区其他房子的房价都便宜。
    3. so, roughly speaking, your monthly mortgage payment will be around 1,800 us dollars. 所以，大致来说，你每月的房子贷款大约要1,800美元。
    4. the price includes both house and furniture. 房价包括了房子和家具。
    补充短语
    compare with... 与……相比，比得上……
    roughly speaking 大致来说，粗略来说
    13 what is the minimum amount of down payment?
    首期付款的最低金额要多少呢？
    常用单词
    minimum ['m?n?m?m] adj. 最低的，最小的，最少的
    payment ['pe?m?nt] n. 付款，支付，偿还
    随机测验
    if i put 30% _____, how much is the monthly payment?
    a. up b. down c. in d. off
    翻译
    假如我付30%的首期款，那么每月要付多少呢？
    答案：b
    提示：put down表示“付（定金）”put up表示“举起，张贴，提高”；put in指“（使）在内，在……上花费”；put off指“敷衍，延期，脱去（衣、帽等）”。
    14 it's said that the house price would plummet in this area.
    据说此地区的房价会大跌。
    常用单词
    plummet ['pl?m?t] v. 骤然下跌
    学学这样说
    1. i hope the new measures will contribute to preventing the house price from rising. 我希望新的措施将有助于防止房价上涨。
    2. i think the government would try to even out real estate prices.
    我认为政府将会平衡房价。
    3. house price, which has been static for several months, is rising again.
    房价稳定了几个月，现在又在上涨。
    4. house prices rise sharply this year. 今年房价急剧上涨。
    5. house prices are rising at a higher rate than inflation. 房价上涨的比率比通货膨胀高。
    6. house price may begin to slide. 房价可能会开始下降。
    7. house prices have gone through the floor this year. 今年房价已经降得很低了。
    补充短语
    even out （使）平稳，变平
    15 the more you earn, the better house you can buy.
    你收入越多，你就能买越好的房子。
    语法tips
    “the+比较级，the+比较级”意为“越……越……”，通常第一个“the+比较级”相当于状语从句，而第二个“the+比较级”为主句。如果主、从句的谓语为be动词，且主语非代词，be动词往往可省略。
    学学这样说
    1. banks are lending more and more money to people buying their own homuses. 银行向买房者放的贷款越来越多了。
    2. the bank has to check your credit and income to see if you can afford to pay the monthly mortgage.银行必须调查你的信用和收入情况，才能知道你每月是否有能力支付房贷。
    3. it will give people an incentive to own their houses. 这将会鼓励人们买房。
    4. it is a good time to buy a house. 这是买房子的好时机。
    5. according to your salary, you can afford this house.
    依你的薪水，你买得起这栋房子。
    6. the purchaser of the house will pay the deposit next week. 买房者下周付定金。
    7. after long reflection my parents decided to buy the house.
    经过长时间的慎重考虑，我父母决定买下那栋房子。
    补充短语
    afford to... 买得起……
    16 he ripped susan off over selling the house.
    卖房时他多收了苏珊的钱。
    解析 ▲ rip作动词时，意为“扯破，撕坏”，短语rip off则表示“经济上占……的便宜，撕掉”的意思，类似的表达还有put the bite on（敲……的竹杠，向……借钱）。
    学学这样说
    1. recently, the demand for residential properties has become extremely high.
    近来住房需求甚殷。
    2. if you pay 80,000 pounds for a house and sell it for 70,000 pounds, you are selling at a loss. 如果你买房时花了8万英磅，卖时卖了7万英镑，那么你就赔钱了。
    3. the owner of the house has been transferred and he is eager to sell it.
    房主被调任，他急着要卖房。
    补充短语
    at a loss 亏本，不知所措
    be eager to 盼望，渴望

 家庭琐事

    家庭琐事
    01 perhaps we should lay paper over the floor while decorating the room.
    也许我们在装修房子时应该把纸铺在地上。
    语法tips
    如果状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词通常可以省略。该句的完整形式为：perhaps we should lay paper over the floor while we are decorating the room.
    常用单词
    lay [le?] v. 放置，铺放
    decorate ['dek?re?t] v. 装饰，点缀
    学学这样说
    1. to decorate a house, you must adjust measures to local conditions.
    装修房子时，必须因地制宜。
    2. i think we should do the floors before we work on the walls.
    我认为装修墙壁之前，我们应该先装修地板。
    3. we should hire a professional to decorate our house.
    我们应该雇一名专业人员来装修房子。
    4. we'll pick out some curtains and paint tomorrow. 明天我们去挑些窗帘和油漆吧。
    5. how about measuring the floor for a new carpet?
    把地板量一量，换上新地毯怎么样？
    02 could you hold the end of this tape?
    你可以拿着卷尺的这一头吗？
    学学这样说
    1. may i help you decorate the room? 我可以帮你装饰房间吗？
    2. i'm taking some measurements for new curtains. 我正在量新窗帘的尺寸。
    3. we can fix up the wood floor, then use some paint for the walls.
    我们可以整修一下木地板，然后粉刷一下墙面。
    4. after the floors are done, we can move our furniture in.
    等地板装修完毕后，我们就可以把家具搬进来了。
    5. susan was occupied with redecorating her house. 苏珊忙于重新装修她的房子。
    补充短语
    fix up 修理，安排
    be occupied with 忙着做，忙于
    应用对话
    julia: could you hold the end of this tape?
    steven: sure. what's this for?
    julia: i'm taking some measurements for new curtains.
    茱莉娅：你可以拿着卷尺的这一头吗？
    史蒂文：好啊。你要干什么？
    茱莉娅：我正在量新窗帘的尺寸。
    03 they are considering a house renovation, but they need to find someone to do the labor.
    他们打算装修房子，但是需要找人做这件事。
    常用单词
    renovation [?ren?'ve??n] n. 翻新，修复
    labor ['le?b?(r)] n. 劳动，努力
    学学这样说
    1. i'll decorate the downstair bedroom first. 我先要装修楼下那间卧室。
    2. he is planning to fix up the front of the shop. 他打算装修一下商店的门面。
    3. make sure to use the fire-resistant materials to renovate your room.
    装修房屋时，务必用防火材料。
    4. we use nails to hold down the carpet. 我们用钉子固定住地毯。
    5. i spent four days decorating my house. 我花了四天时间装修房子。
    6. my bedroom is painted all grey, fully decorated. 我的卧室都刷成了灰白色，装修一新。
    补充短语
    hold down 使固定，压住
    04 it costs a lot of money to decorate the interior of the house.
    房屋的内部装修花了许多钱。
    语法tips
    cost, take, spend和pay的区别：cost和take的主语一般为物，spend和pay的主语往往是人。其常见用法分别为：sth cost (sb) some money；it takes sb some time to do sth；sb spend time/money on sth/in doing sth；pay (sb) (some money) for。
    学学这样说
    1. how much will it cost to decorate the house? 房子装修要花多少钱呢？
    2. we spent nearly 50,000 us dollars in sprucing up the house.
    我们装修房子花了近5万美元。
    3. we plan to decorate the house regardless of cost.
    我们打算不惜成本来装修这栋房子。
    4. we decorated the house on a tight budget.
    我们在预算紧张的情况下装修了房子。
    补充短语
    spruce up 打扮整齐，装修房子
    regardless of 不管，不顾
    05 i certainly had gone to town on the decoration of your house.
    我当然竭尽了全力来装修你的房子。
    解析 ▲ go to town指“以极大的精力或热情做……”，该句也可以说成：i certainly did everything i can on the decoration of your house.
    学学这样说
    1. why don't you let me decorate your sitting room? i am good at decorating.
    你为什么不请我装修你的起居室呢？我很会装修。
    2. they gave the decorator a free hand. 他们让装修师全权负责装修一事。
    3. we are looking for a skilled decorator to get the house up.
    我们正在找一位技术好的室内装修工，把这个房子重新装修一下。
    4. my plans to decorate the house came unstuck when i broke my leg.
    在摔断了一条腿之后，我装修房子的计划泡汤了。
    补充短语
    give sb a free hand 交由某人全权处理
    come unstuck 失败，告吹
    06 though the decoration of my house is very simple, my sitting room is tastefully laid out.
    虽然我房子的装修很简单，但是起居室的布置很有品味。
    语法tips
    though作连词时，相当于although（虽然），只是although更为正式；作副词时，一般放在句末，如：it's hard work, i enjoy it though（工作很辛苦，可我乐意干）.
    常用单词
    simple ['s?mpl] adj. 简单的，单纯的
    tastefully ['te?stf?l?] adv. 有品位地，举止得体地，风流地
    学学这样说
    1. we retained the original kitchen table when we decorated the room.
    我们装修房间时保留了原有的餐桌。
    2. we had to do a lot of painting and the redecoration ourselves.
    我们不得不自己刷漆重新装修一番。
    3. i was surprised at the rich furnishing of his place. 他家的奢华装修让我惊诧不已。
    4. we decorated the room ourselves, so it fits our style.
    这个房间是我们自己装修的，所以很符合我们的风格。
    5. he did the internal and external decoration of the house himself.
    房子的内外都是他自己装修的。
    07 the building has been fully decorated.
    房屋已装修完毕。
    常用单词
    building ['b?ld??] n. 建筑物，楼房，房屋
    fully ['f?l?] adv. 充分地，完全地，彻底地
    学学这样说
    1. the house was empty and so easy to decorate. 房子是空的，装修起来很容易。
    2. it's necessary to decorate the classroom. 有必要装修这间教室。
    3. the bedroom needs doing over. 卧室需要重新装修。
    4. every shop was smartened up before it was open.
    每家商店在开业前都要装修一番。
    补充短语
    do over 重新布置（房间），重做
    smarten up 变得漂亮，变得清醒，使（人或地方）整洁起来
    08 i have to start packing and get ready for move tomorrow.
    我得开始打包行李准备明天搬家了。
    语法tips
    have to和must都有“必须”的意思，其区别在于：have to表示客观需要，而must表示说话人的主观看法。
    学学这样说
    1. we are moving in three months. 我们在三个月内搬家。
    2. we'll move to the city next month. 我们下个月要搬到这个城市来。
    3. i want to move into a better house. 我想搬进好一点的房子里。
    4. we plan to move into our new flat on 1st, march. 我们计划三月一号搬进新居。
    5. i will move into this house at the end of this year. 我会在今年年底搬进这所房子。
    补充短语
    move in 搬进，迁进
    09 my friend jack volunteered to help me move.
    我的朋友杰克自告奋勇要帮我搬家。
    常用单词
    volunteer ['v?l?n't??(r)] v. 自愿，自愿去做
    move [mu:v] v. 搬家，行动，进展
    学学这样说
    1. when are the movers coming? 搬家工人什么时候会来？
    2. i will get john and jack to move house for me. 我会找约翰和杰克来为我搬家。
    3. i am very happy that you can help us move. 很高兴你能来帮我们搬家。
    4. we had better find some movers to help us. 我们最好找些搬家工人帮助我们搬家。
    5. i will call the movers to move house for me.
    我会给搬家工人打电话，让他们来为我搬家。
    随机测验
    would you mind ______ me to move house? a. help b. to help c. helped d. helping
    翻译
    你介意帮我搬一下家吗？
    答案：d
    提示：mind doing为惯用搭配，指“介意做，介意帮”。
    10 can we proceed with moving house?
    我们可以接着搬家了吗？
    语法tips
    proceed with意为“继续做……”，类似的表达还有go on，keep on，continue等。
    常用单词
    proceed [pr?'si:d] v. 继续做，接下来做，前进
    house [ha?s] n. 房屋
    学学这样说
    1. you may move into the house after completing formalities.
    办完手续后，你就可以搬进去。
    2. if you can handle moving formalities, i will follow your instructions.
    如果你能办理搬家手续，我将听你的指示。
    3. it is not so easy for you to handle moving formalities. 办理搬家手续并不容易。
    4. you must show your identification and pay deposits before moving into the flat. 在你搬进这个公寓之前，你必须出示身份证件并缴纳定金。
    11 honestly speaking, most people are reluctant to move.
    老实说，大部分人是不愿意搬家的。
    语法tips
    英语中，表达“实话说，老实说”的用法包括：honestly speaking，to be honest，truth be told, to tell the truth。
    学学这样说
    1. susan hated to give up her friends when she moved away.
    苏珊不希望搬家后失去她的朋友。
    2. mother hated to move from such a nice neighborhood.
    母亲不愿搬家离开这么好的邻居。
    3. we've grown very attached to this house and hate to move.
    我们十分留恋这所房子，舍不得搬家。
    4. i changed my mind about moving, but was unable to buy the house back.
    我改变主意不搬家了，但已无法再买回这幢房子了。
    补充短语
    move away 离开，搬去别处
    grow attached to 开始喜欢上
    12 before long our family moved and had to give the pet away.
    不久后我们搬家了，不得不把宠物送人。
    常用单词
    before [b?'f?:(r)] prep. 在……之前，先于
    pet [pet] n. 宠物，宠儿
    学学这样说
    1. our neighbors sold their household goods before they moved out.
    我们的邻居在搬家前把家居用品卖掉了。
    2. the movers were very careful with the piano. 搬家工人非常小心地移动那架钢琴。
    3. the movers stripped the house of furniture. 搬家工人把房子里的家具全搬走了。
    4. the movers piled the furniture helter-skelter in the living room of the new house. 搬家工人把家具乱七八糟地堆在新房子的起居室里。
    补充短语
    move out 迁出，搬出
    be careful with 小心，照顾
    chip off 切下，削去
    13 my landlord asked me to move out of the apartment.
    我的房东叫我搬出去。
    解析 ▲ ask sb to do sth为固定用法，指“要求某人做某事”。ask还可以与for搭配，构成短语ask for（请求……，要求……）。
    常用单词
    landlord ['l?ndl?:d] n. 房东，地主，店主
    ask [ɑ:sk] v. 询问，要求，需要
    学学这样说
    1. as day approached, we still weren't ready to move.
    日子快到了，我们还没准备好搬家。
    2. we moved a lot when i was young. 在我小的时候，我们经常搬家。
    3. i couldn't pay the rent, so i had to move out. 我付不起房租，所以得搬走。
    4. we just moved house, so i want to buy some sockets.
    我们刚搬家，所以我想买几个插座。
    14 let's consider the pluses and minuses of moving house.
    咱们考虑一下搬家的利弊吧。
    解析 ▲ consider意为“思考，考虑”，与之含义相似的词组为think about。而think over则强调的是“仔细考虑，重新考虑”。
    常用单词
    plus [pl?s] n. 好处；adj. 正的，附加的
    minus ['ma?n?s] n. 不利，减号
    学学这样说
    1. i wonder if a move would be a bad thing for her.
    我想知道搬家对她来说是否是件坏事。
    2. moving house is a vexatious business. 搬家是件麻烦的事情。
    3. there was a lot of fuss on moving day. 搬家那天闹哄哄的。
    15 the security door is so firm that nobody can break in.
    防盗门很结实，没有人能闯进来。
    语法tips
    so...that...与so that的区别：前者so之后跟形容词或副词，that引导结果状语从句，指“如此……以至于”；后者多用于引导目的状语从句，指“以便，以使”，如：i raised my voice so that everybody can hear me.（我提高嗓音以便让每个人都能听到。）
    学学这样说
    1. the room is equipped with a burglar alarm. 这个房间装有防盗警报器。
    2. it won't open because it's a security door. 打不开，因为这是防盗门。
    3. the door which was protected by an iron grate, was a safeguard against burglars. 门上装着铁栅栏，是用于防盗的。
    4. most of the houses in the area have barred windows.
    这个地区大多数人家都安装了防盗窗。
    补充短语
    be equipped with 装备有
    16 to prevent fire, do not cover the ventilation of the apparatus with newspapers, tablecloths, curtains, etc.
    为防止火灾，请勿用报纸、桌布、窗帘等覆盖本装置的通风口。
    解析 ▲ 该句中to prevent fire为不定式结构作目的状语，可以用短语in order to prevent fire进行替换。
    学学这样说
    1. take special precautions to prevent fire. 采取特别措施防火。
    2. keep a fire extinguisher available at all times. 任何时候都要放置可用的灭火器。
    3. fire doors should not be opened at any time. 任何时候都不要将防火门打开。
    4. we had better buy a fire door. 我们最好买个防火门。
    补充短语
    take precautions 戒备，采取预防措施
    spare no efforts 不遗余力，竭力
    17 there is a fire extinguisher on hand in case of a fire.
    万一有火灾，手头就有一个灭火器。
    语法tips
    in case of与in the case of的区别：in case of意为“万一，防备”，in the case of指“至于……，就……来说”，如：in the case of learning a foreign language, you need more practice.（就学外语而言，你需要更多的练习。）
    常用单词
    fire ['fa??(r)] n. 火，火灾
    extinguisher [?k'st??gw???] n. 灭火器
    学学这样说
    1. all furniture is covered in fire-proof fabric. 所有的家具都罩上了防火布。
    2. the roof has been fireproofed. 这个屋顶装有防火设备。
    3. this building made of steel and concrete is fire-proof.
    这栋楼用钢筋水泥建造，是可以防火的。
    4. we packed the papers in a fir-eproof safe. 我们把文件装入防火的保险箱。
    5. we keep a fire extinguisher downstairs in case of fire.
    灭火器就在楼下，如果着火的话可以使用。
    6. we've installed an extinguisher next to the cooker.
    我们已经在炉子旁安了一个灭火器。
    18 i disconnected the tv set before i made adjustments inside it.
    我先拨掉电视插头，再做内部调节。
    常用单词
    disconnect ['d?sk?'nekt] v. 断开，使分离
    adjustment [?'d??stm?nt] n. 调整，调节
    学学这样说
    1. pull the plug before you fix the vacuum cleaner. 修理吸尘器前，先拔掉电源。
    2. turn off the switch after using. 使用后请将电源关闭。
    3. make sure the current is switched off before you leave on holidays.
    你出去度假前一定要把电源关上。
    4. batteries must be kept in dry places lest electricity should leak away.
    电池应放在干燥的地方，以免漏电。
    补充短语
    switch off 关闭，使停止谈话
    leak away 漏出，逐渐失去
    19 make sure the sockets in your house are insulated.
    确保你房子中的插座是防触电的。
    常用单词
    socket ['s?k?t] n. 插座
    insulate ['?nsj?le?t] v. 使绝缘
    语法tips
    英语中“插座”的表达除了socket外，还有plug base，其中plug指“插头”。
    学学这样说
    1. we should install insulated switches. 我们应该安装绝缘开关。
    2. don't touch electrical appliance with wet hand. 不要用湿手触摸电器。
    3. don't wipe the tv with a wet towel. 不要用湿毛巾擦电视机。
    4. you'd better put some insulating tape around the electric wires.
    你最好给电线裹上绝缘胶布。
    20 how long has this faucet been broken?
    水龙头坏了多久了？
    解析 ▲ how long表示“多久”，是对一段时间的询问，因此句子应用完成时态。至于应该用现在完成时还是过去完成时，则应根据具体情况确定。
    学学这样说
    1. the tap is leaking. 水龙头正在漏水。
    2. the tap's stuck, and the sink's plugged again. 水龙头坏了，并且水槽又堵了。
    3. the whole bathroom floor is drenched with water. 整个洗手间的地上都浸满了水。
    4. the plumber fixed that leaking faucet. 管道工修好了那个漏水的水龙头。
    21 when water passes through the faucet, turn off it and check for possible leaks in the system.
    当水从水龙头流出时，关闭水龙头，并检查管道系统是否漏水。
    解析 ▲ pass through指“经过，通过”。check for意为“检查”，原句还可以换为：...turn off it and check if there are leaks in the system.
    学学这样说
    1. cover the tap with a piece of cloth and don't try to screw it or it will get worse.
    用布把水龙头盖着，不要再扭动它，否则情况会变得更糟。
    2. turn on the tap now. 现在打开水龙头。
    3. if water drains out, that means the pipe hasn't been blocked up.
    如果水源源不断地流出，那就说明水管没有被堵塞。
    4. i need to change the washer on the tap. 我需要换水龙头上的垫圈。
    补充短语
    drain out （使）流出，流失
    block up 封闭，堵塞
    22 there is something wrong with the motor.
    电动机出故障了。
    解析 ▲ there is something wrong with为惯用搭配，指“……有毛病，有问题”，而“……没 有问题”则可以用there is nothing wrong with来表达。
    学学这样说
    1. the air-conditioner doesn't work. 空调出故障了。
    2. the monitor has a fault. 监视器出现了故障。
    3. the engine has broken down. 发动机出了故障。
    4. the television has given up the ghost. 电视机坏了。
    5. the microwave doesn't work. 微波炉坏了。
    应用对话
    steven: what seems to be the problem?
    mr. sellers: the television tube has broken.
    史蒂文：什么地方出问题了？
    塞勒斯先生：电视机显像管坏了。
    23 the air-conditioner isn't working because of an electrical fault.
    由于电气方面的故障，这个空调不能用了。
    语法tips
    英语中，表示“由于，因为”的短语除了because of外，还有due to，owing to，thanks to等。
    常用单词
    air-conditioner ['e?rk?n'd???n?r] n. 空调
    electrical [?'lektr?kl] adj. 有关电的
    学学这样说
    1. hot water doesn't function in the dishwasher. 热水在洗碗机内不起作用。
    2. the vacuum cleaner has weak suction. 吸尘器吸力很弱。
    3. when i put a dvd in, the sound is strange and the picture is black and white.
    当我放入dvd后，它就发出怪声，画面就变成了黑白的。
    24 rain water has fused the bulbs.
    雨水导致保险丝烧了，灯泡也不亮了。
    学学这样说
    1. it seems that you've blown a fuse. 看样子你把保险丝烧断了。
    2. heavy wind cut off the wire. 大风刮断了电线。
    3. electricity supply has been cut off at the mains. 电力供应已在电源处截断。
    4. there may be something wrong with your line. 可能是你的线路有问题。
    5. there's a faulty connection in the fuse-box. 保险丝盒里接错了线。
    6. the wiring is faulty and needs to be replaced. 线路出故障了，需要换线。
    7. there must be a break in the circuit. 线路一定断了。
    随机测验
    if wires had met, they _____ all the lights.
    a. would have fused b. had fused c. fused d. will fuse
    翻译
    如果电线短路，它们就会把所有电灯的保险丝都烧断的。
    答案：a
    提示：该句为与过去事实相反的假设，从句用过去完成时即had done结构，主句应用would/should/could have done结构。
    25 we've just suffered a power failure.
    我们这里刚刚停电了。
    解析 ▲ power有“能源，能量，电力”之意，power failure意为“电力故障，停电”，“停电”的另一种说法为power cut。
    学学这样说
    1. please locate the electrical fault as soon as possible. 请尽快确定电路故障的位置。
    2. how do i know if the fuse blew out? 我如何知道保险丝烧断了？
    3. then what shall i do? 接下来我要怎样做？
    补充短语
    blow out 烧断，熔断
    26 open it and check if any fuses have blown out.
    打开它，看保险丝有没有烧断。
    常用单词
    check [t?ek] v. 检查，核实
    fuse [fju:z] n. 保险丝，导火线
    学学这样说
    1. it is important to switch off the electricity before attempting to repair the television. 在准备修理电视机之前先切断电源是至关重要的。
    2. unscrew the burnt fuses and replace them with good ones.
    拿下那些烧坏的保险丝，换上好的。
    3. you'll see it's black and has a burnt smell. 烧断的保险丝是黑色的、有烧焦的味道。
    4. he soldered the broken wires together. 他将断了的电线焊接起来。
    补充短语
    replace...with... 用……代替……

 家庭收支

    家庭收支
    01 i find a part-time job to supplement my income.
    我找了一份兼职来补贴收入。
    常用单词
    part-time [pɑ:tta?m] adj. 兼职的
    supplement ['s?pl?m?nt] v. 补充
    学学这样说
    1. i do a part-time job to increase my income. 我做兼职是为了增加收入。
    2. my mother gives private lessons to supplement her income.
    妈妈给私人授课来增加收入。
    3. susan increases her income by working in the evenings.
    苏珊在晚上工作以增加收入。
    4. my grandmother decided to rent out a room to get extra income.
    外婆为获得额外收入决定租出去一个房间。
    应用对话
    julia: how much do you earn a week now?
    steven: my wages are 50 us dollars a week. and i find a part-time job to supplement my income.
    茱莉娅：你现在一周赚多少钱？
    史蒂文：我的工资为每周50美元。而且我找了一份兼职来补贴收入。
    02 nancy earns her living by singing in a saloon.
    南希靠在酒吧唱歌谋生。
    解析 ▲ earn one's living意为“谋生，维持生活”，其中living指“生计，生存之道”。“谋生”的另一个表达方式为make a living。
    学学这样说
    1. i have nothing but a teacher's small pension. 我除了微薄的教师津贴外，没有其他收入。
    2. my wages are the principal source of my income. 工资是我收入的主要来源。
    3. my brother earns good money at the bank. 我哥哥在银行挣着高工资。
    4. aside from his meager savings, jack has no other resources to fall back on.
    除了极少量的积蓄外，杰克没有可以依赖的财源。
    5. they had little money. 他们没什么钱。
    补充短语
    nothing but 只有，只不过
    earn good money 赚大钱
    aside from 除……之外，既……又……
    03 my monthly income was just over 200 pounds.
    我每月的收入只有200多英镑。
    语法tips
    income，salary，wage，pay的区别：income意为“收入”，既可指工资，也可指其他来源的收入（如利息）；salary意为“薪水”，多指按月发放的薪水，领取者通常为脑力劳动者；wage常指体力劳动者的工资，通常按周、日或小时付给；pay主要指因工作或劳动所获得的报酬。
    常用单词
    income ['?nk?m] n. 收入，收益
    学学这样说
    1. i earn nearly ￡30,000 a year. 我一年挣了几乎三万英镑。
    2. my salary is us$2,000 per month.
    我的工资为每月2,000美元。
    3. i got an annual increment of us$500 in salary. 我的薪水每年增加500美元。
    04 i have a decent income.
    我收入可观。
    解析 ▲ 此处decent为“相当好的”之意。此外，decent还有“正派的，得体的，（服装等）相称的”的意思，如decent people（正派的人）。
    学学这样说
    1. he earns an incredible amount of money. 他挣的钱多得惊人。
    2. she earns a high salary. 她的工资很高。
    3. my income is increasing day by day. 我的收入日渐增加。
    4. my income was doubled this month. 这个月我的收入加倍。
    补充短语
    an amount of 一定量的
    05 he has to support his family with his meager income.
    他只能靠微薄的收入来养家。
    常用单词
    support [s?'p?:t] v. 供养，支持
    meager ['mi:g?] adj. 贫乏的
    学学这样说
    1. his income diminished. 他的收入减少了。
    2. their incomes are falling behind those of last year. 他们的收入少于去年。
    3. my salary is too small. 我的薪水太低了。
    4. she has a steady income. 她有稳定的收入。
    补充短语
    fall behind 落后；下降
    06 if you want to make money, buy cheap and sell dear.
    要想赚钱就得贱买贵卖。
    常用单词
    cheap [t?i:p] adv. 便宜地
    dear [d??(r)] adv. 高价地
    学学这样说
    1. money earns more in a high-interest account. 钱放在高利息的账户里获利更多。
    2. all his tricks for making money seem to fail. 他为赚钱而耍的花招似乎都会失败。
    3. i sold my house at a profit. 我卖房子赚了钱。
    4. mr. brown is very clever and never misses a chance to in improving his business. 布朗先生是个非常精明的人，从不错过赚钱的机会。
    补充短语
    at a profit 赚钱，获利
    07 i would rather remain poor than get money by dishonest means.
    我宁可安于贫穷，也不愿用不当手段赚钱。
    解析 ▲ would rather do... than do...指“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。dishonest means（不当的手段）的means指“方法，手段”，means用于此意时，单复同形。
    学学这样说
    1. tom is always looking for ways to make a fast buck. 汤姆总是在找可以快速赚钱的方法。
    2. i'm not going to sell my soul just to make money. 我不会为了赚钱而出卖自己的灵魂。
    3. if you want to make money, you've got to think about money.
    你要是想赚钱，脑子里就得想着钱。
    4. in order to earn enough money, he works late into night.
    为了赚到足够的钱，他工作到深夜。
    补充短语
    make a fast buck 赚快钱，快速赚钱
    08 i make more money in this week than i did in a fortnight.
    我在这一周里赚的钱比我在过去两周里赚的还多。
    解析 ▲ fortnight指“两星期”，因此原句也可以改为：i make more money in this week than i did in two weeks.
    学学这样说
    1. he has earned as much money as i have. 他赚的钱和我赚的一样多。
    2. he has gained a lot of money these years. 这些年来，他挣了许多钱。
    3. it neither increased nor decreased my income.
    我既不会因此多赚些钱，也不会因此少赚些钱。
    4. maybe we were just trying to make a quick buck. 大概是我们太急于赚钱了。
    5. he inherits his father's skill in making money. 他父亲赚钱的本领遗传给了他。
    6. mr. white always boasts of his ability to make money. 怀特先生老吹嘘他赚钱的本领。
    7. the young wage-earner often earns good money.
    这个年轻的工薪族往往能挣不少钱。
    应用对话
    steven: julia, i have good news for you.
    julia: what's up?
    steven: i have earned a lot of money this week, more than i did in a fortnight.
    史蒂文：茱莉娅，有个好消息要告诉你。
    茱莉娅：什么事？
    史蒂文：这周我赚了好多钱。我在这一周里赚的钱比我在过去两周里赚的还多。
    09 my expenditure this month amounts to us$800.
    这个月我花了800美元。
    解析 ▲ amount to在此处为“共计”之意，可以用词组come to进行替换。此外，amount to还可以指“意味着，等同”，如：such assistance amounts to economic aggression.（这种的援助就等同于经济侵略。）
    常用单词
    expenditure [?k'spend?t??(r)] n. 支出，花费
    amount [?'ma?nt] v. 总计，合计
    学学这样说
    1. i plunked down us$350 for a silver necklace. 我花了350美元买了条银项链。
    2. it will cost me 500 us dollars to repair the car. 修理这辆汽车要花了我500美元。
    3. our expenses average us$35 per day. 我们的支出为平均每天35美元。
    4. the monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred us dollars.
    我们一家的开销每月共计400美元。
    10 a great deal of his money goes for rent.
    他的钱大部分用于租房。
    解析 ▲ go for在句中意思是“用于”。
    语法tips
    表示“大量的，许多”的词组：只修饰不可数名词的有a great/good deal of, a large amount of/large amounts of；只修饰可数名词的有a (large) number of, a good/great many, many a等；两者都可修饰的有a lot of/lots of, plenty of, a great/large quantity of。
    学学这样说
    1. income and expenditure exactly balance. 收入和支出正好相抵。
    2. she spent one-third of her income on clothes and cosmetics.
    她把自己三分之一的收入花在了服装和化妆品上。
    3. an annual holiday is a big expense. 一年一度的假日是一笔大开销。
    11 all this spending is a drain on my savings.
    这些开销正在耗光我的积蓄。
    常用单词
    drain [dre?n] n. 消耗，排水，下水道
    saving ['se?v??] n. 存款，节约
    学学这样说
    1. my father has to defray my education. 我父亲得支付我的教育费用。
    2. my wife records our daily expenses. 我妻子将日常开销都记录下来。
    3. i'd rather economize on clothes and food than travel.
    我宁愿节衣缩食，也不愿节省旅游费用。
    4. old people shouldn't skimp on food or heating.
    老年人不应过分吝惜食物或取暖方面的开销。
    补充短语
    economize on 节约，节省
    12 jack economizes by taking buses instead of taking taxis.
    杰克为了省钱，不坐出租车而坐公共汽车。
    语法tips
    instead和instead of的区别：instead为副词，意为“代替，反而”，通常放于句尾，放句首时多用逗号隔开；instead of与instead意思基本相同，但其为介词短语，其后跟宾语。
    常用单词
    economize [?'k?n?ma?z] v. 节约，节省
    instead [?n'sted] adv. 代替，顶替
    学学这样说
    1. to save money, mother always buys many things during the bargain sale.
    为了节省钱，母亲总是在商品减价销售时买许多东西。
    2. he is trying to save money by walking to work. 为了省钱，他步行去上班。
    3. to save money, we travel by train. 为了省钱，我们乘坐火车旅行。
    4. to save money, we plan to take the bus. 为了省钱，我们打算坐公共汽车。
    13 we will save money as possible as we could.
    我们会尽可能地节省开支。
    语法tips
    as...as...表示同级比较，指“和……一样”，两个as之间加入的成分为形容词或副词，如this book is as interesting as that one.（这本书和那本同样有趣。）
    学学这样说
    1. we have to cut back on our shopping from now on.
    从现在开始我们就得缩减购物开支了。
    2. we have to control our expenses. 我们得控制花销。
    3. i'm short of money. i have to draw in my expenditure. 我缺钱，得节省开支。
    4. she saves money in every way she can. 她在各方面尽可能地省钱。
    随机测验
    _____ a tight hold is kept on the purse strings, a man can soon find that his family can not make the ends meet.
    a. if b. that c. unless d. when
    翻译
    要严格控制开支，否则很快就会感到家中入不敷出。
    答案：c
    提示：逗号之后为主句，前面为由连词引导的条件从句，可排除b项。结合句意，可知此处指“除非……否则……”。
    14 a penny saved is a penny earned.
    省钱就是赚钱。
    解析 ▲ saved和earned为过去分词作后置定语修饰penny，相当于定语从句that is saved和that is earned。
    常用单词
    penny ['pen?] n. 美分，便士
    save [se?v] v. 节省，节约，储存
    学学这样说
    1. i had to save to pay for my holiday. 我必须节省开支以支付度假的费用。
    2. jack is saving for a house. 杰克正在省钱准备买房。
    3. he is saving to buy a computer. 为了买电脑，他正在节省开支。
    4. because our income sharply reduced, it is wise to keep a tight rein on our expenditure. 由于我们收入大幅减少，所以紧缩开支是很明智的。
    15 he contracted huge debts by rash spending.
    他由于乱花钱而背上沉重的债务。
    常用单词
    contract ['k?ntr?kt] v. 订约，负（债等）
    rash [r??] adj. 轻率的，鲁莽的，不顾后果的
    学学这样说
    1. he is always spending. 他挥霍成性。
    2. my brother flings his money about on luxuries. 我弟弟把钱浪费在一些奢侈品上。
    3. she spends too much on clothes. 她在衣着上花费太大。
    4. if you want to waste your money, that's your own lookout.
    你要乱花钱，那是你自己的事。
    5. you have wasted your money on unnecessaries.
    你在自己并不需要的东西上浪费了钱。
    补充短语
    fling about 乱扔，乱花钱，发号施令
    16 my husband's weekly lunch bills exceed my monthly income.
    我丈夫每周午餐的花费超过了我的月收入。
    解析 ▲ 此处exceed指“超过，超出（某数量、数字等）”，此外exceed还可以指“超出，超越（限制、规定等）”，如：he was exceeding the speed limit.
    常用单词
    bill [b?l] n. 账单，票据
    monthly ['m?nθl?] adj. 每月的
    学学这样说
    1. house repairs, holidays and other expenses almost cost all my bank balance.
    房屋修整、度假和其他开销使我在银行的存款所剩无几。
    2. it's too expensive for me to own a car. 对我来说，拥有一辆汽车的花费太大。
    3. john gives his children the best education that money can buy.
    约翰不惜花费金钱让他的孩子得到最好的教育。
    4. running a car is a great expense. 开一辆汽车开支很大。
    17 do you think the rest of your salary will cover our daily expenses?
    你觉得你剩下的工资足够支付我们的日常开支吗？
    常用单词
    cover ['k?v?(r)] v. 包括，覆盖，支付
    daily ['de?l?] adj. 日常的，每日的
    学学这样说
    1. how much do you spend each week? 你每星期花多少钱？
    2. what is the expense of moving house? 搬家的花费是多少？
    3. have you figured out the expenses? 你把花销都算出来了吗？
    4. my expenditure is restricted by income. 我的支出受收入的制约。
    5. our expenses are mounting. 我们的花销在增加。
    6. i disputed with my wife on household expenses. 我和妻子就家庭费用产生了争论。
    补充短语
    dispute with sb on sth 与某人争论某事
    18 if we go on like this, we will surely go into the red.
    如果我们继续这样，肯定会出现赤字。
    常用单词
    like [la?k] prep. 像，如同
    surely ['???li:] adv. 当然，无疑
    学学这样说
    1. i can not make ends meet. 我入不敷出。
    2. i'm us$500 in the red this month. 我这个月负债500美元。
    3. i am in debt again this month. 我这个月又入不敷出了。
    4. the accounts show we have spent more than we received.
    账目显示我们已经入不敷出了。
    5. they are often disturbed by trade deficit. 他们常常被贸易赤字困扰。
    补充短语
    make ends meet 使收支相抵
    in the red 有赤字，亏损
    in debt 欠债
    19 we've got to tighten our belt.
    我们得省吃俭用了。
    解析 ▲ 动词tighten意为“收紧，（使）变紧”，belt有“腰带，带状物”之意，短语tighten one's belt指的是“束紧腰带，节约度日”。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm on strict budget. 我现在预算很紧。
    2. we have to control our spending. 我们必须控制支出了。
    3. i'm robbing peter to pay paul. 我拆东墙补西墙。
    4. i'll dig into my savings. 我将动用我的存款。
    补充短语
    rob peter to pay paul 借新债还旧账，拆东墙补西墙
    20 us$500 for entertainment is mostly going to restaurants.
    500美元的娱乐费大都花在餐馆了。
    常用单词
    entertainment ['ent?'te?nm?nt] n. 娱乐，消遣
    restaurant ['restr?nt] n. 餐馆，饭店
    学学这样说
    1. we need to figure out how much money we're spending and where we are spending it. 我们需要算算我们要花多少钱而且都要花在什么地方。
    2. we spent us$1,000 on our home loan payment, us$400 on groceries, and us$400 on entertainment last month.我们上个月有房屋贷款1,000美元，食品杂货400美元和400美元的娱乐消费。
    3. that means we don't have receipts for us$225. 那意味着我们有225美元的支出没有收据。
    4. i've spent all my extra money this month. 我这个月已经把零花钱都花光了。
    5. i need to spend at least us$100 on books every month.
    每个月我都需要花至少100美元买书。
    补充短语
    home loan payment 房屋贷款
    21 from now on, we should record every income and expense.
    从现在开始，我们应该把每一项收入和开支都记下来。
    解析 ▲ from now on指“从现在开始，从今以后”，与之意思相似的表达为in future，因此该句可以改为：we should record every income and expense in future.
    常用单词
    record [r?'k?:d] v. 记录，记载，标明
    expense [?k'spens] n. 消费，开支
    学学这样说
    1. we have to manage our money. 我们必须做好金钱的管理。
    2. we should regulate our spending. 我们应该控制花费。
    3. i think we should save more. 我想我们该多存一些钱了。
    4. we can deposit us$1,500 in the bank every month.
    我们可以每个月都在银行存1,500美元。
    5. we have to set aside money for emergency use. 我们必须留出一笔钱来应急。
    6. we could eat in more. 我们可以多在家里吃饭。
    22 if you want to buy a house, you should take a leaf out of my book and start saving money.
    如果你想要买房子，就应该向我学习开始存钱。
    解析 ▲ take a leaf out of someone's book原指抄袭他人的笔记、作业或剽窃他人的作品等不诚实行为，现一般指“向某人学习，以某人为榜样”。
    学学这样说
    1. you should spend less on your clothes. 你应该在服装上少花些钱。
    2. we will put all your salary into our savings account, and set aside 30% of my salary as our son's education fund.
    我们把你的工资都存到我们的储蓄账户里，拿出我工资的30%作为儿子的教育资金。
    3. i think more money should be spent on education.
    我认为应该把更多的钱花在教育上。
    4. if we save more money, we can retire earlier and enjoy life better.
    如果我们多存些钱就可以早一点退休，更好地享受生活。
    补充短语
    education fund 教育基金
    23 mom keeps advising me to save some money for a rainy day.
    妈妈一直劝我存些钱以备不时之需。
    语法tips
    a rainy day指“雨天，穷困的日子”，而for a rainy day则指的是“以防不时之需，未雨绸缪”。
    学学这样说
    1. don't spend money without thinking about the next day.
    花钱不要只顾眼前不顾明天。
    2. in the long run, one should save money for emergencies.
    从长远看，应该存钱以备不测。
    3. never spend your money before having it. 钱未到手，切莫花费。
    4. spend not where you may save; spare not where you must spend.
    可以节省时，不要浪费；必须花费时，不要吝啬。
    24 it is wrong to focus on short-term rather than long-term gains.
    不看重长期收益而只顾短期收益是错的。
    常用单词
    short-term [??:t t?:m] adj. 短期的
    long-term [l?? t?:m] adj. 长期的
    学学这样说
    1. i'm interested in money management. 我对资金管理很感兴趣。
    2. i'm going to manage money better. 我要更好地管理资金。
    3. you can see that it will benefit you to save money.
    你应该知道储蓄是为了您自己的利益。
    补充短语
    money management 资金管理

 金钱观念

    金钱观念
    01 wisdom in the mind is more important than money in the hand.
    脑中的智慧比手中的金钱更重要。
    常用单词
    wisdom ['w?zd?m] n. 智慧，才智，明智
    学学这样说
    1. money can't buy happiness. 金钱买不到幸福。
    2. money will come and go. 金钱乃身外之物。
    3. time is money, but money can not buy time. 时间就是金钱，但金钱换不来时间。
    4. better without gold than without friends. 宁可没有金钱，不可没有朋友。
    5. money does not always bring happiness. 金钱并不总是带来快乐。
    随机测验
    hope is ______ any money.
    a. worth of b. worth c. worthy d. worthy of
    翻译
    希望的价值大于金钱。
    答案：b
    提示：be worth...意为“价值……”，也可以用作be worth doing，意为“值得做某事”。
    02 money in banks will accrue to us with interest.
    钱存在银行会给我们带来。
    解析 ▲ 当词组accrue to sb的主语为利润、好处等词汇时，意为“累积，带来，归于”。
    常用单词
    bank [b??k] n. 银行，岸
    interest ['?ntr?st] n. 利息，兴趣，爱好
    学学这样说
    1. fair gaining makes fair spending. 堂堂正正地赚钱，才能堂堂正正地花钱。
    2. no one should receive a coim unless that has been fairly earned.
    倘不是正当所得，一枚硬币也不能拿。
    3. take care of the pence and the pound will take care of themselves.
    金钱积少便成多。
    03 don't value money for its own sake, but for what you can do with it.
    金钱的价值不在其本身，而在于你用它做什么。
    解析 ▲ for one's sake为惯用搭配，指“为……起见，为了……好”，与之相类似的表达还有on one's account和for the sake of...等。
    学学这样说
    1. money is neither good nor bad. it all depends on how it is used.
    金钱本身无好坏，要看怎样利用它。
    2. it is easier to get money than to keep it. 挣钱容易，攒钱难。
    3. we often focus on borrowing money to get the things we want instead of creating money.
    我们常常是借钱来获得我们想要的某种东西，而不是把注意力集中在为自己创造金钱上。
    补充短语
    in fear 害怕，在恐惧中
    focus on 致力于，集中
    04 money can cure hunger, but it cannot cure unhappiness.
    金钱可以治疗饥饿，它却不能治疗苦恼。
    学学这样说
    2. money will buy medicine, but it won't buy health.
    金钱能买到药物，但是买不到健康。
    3. the two men are rather possessed by their money than possessors of it.
    那两个男人与其说是金钱的占有者，不如说是被金钱所占有。
    4. money is a good servant, but a bad master. 金钱是一个好奴仆，却又是一个坏主人。
    随机测验
    money can be useful, but it is not ______.
    a. thing b. things c. nothing d. everything
    翻译
    金钱可能是有用的，但它不是万能的。
    答案：d
    提示：but连接两个并列的句子，表示语意的转折结合句意可知，d项符合。

 投资项目

    投资项目
    01 have you insured your life?
    你投人寿保险了吗？
    常用单词
    insure [?n'???(r)] v. 确保，保证，为……保险
    life [la?f] n. 寿命，生活，生存
    学学这样说
    1. are you insured? 你买保险了吗？
    2. what is the sum insured? 投保金额是多少？
    3. do you have any interest in buying one life insurance? 你有兴趣买一份人寿保险吗？
    4. do you mean a life insurance policy is against accidents?
    你的意思是人寿险是预防事故的吗？
    补充短语
    life insurance 人寿保险
    02 i took out a life insurance policy and made my wife the beneficiary.
    我买了一份人寿保险，我的妻子是受益人。
    解析 ▲ 表述“办理保险”时常用短语take out。beneficiary指“受惠者，（遗嘱的）受益人”。
    学学这样说
    1. i am thinking of taking out a life insurance policy. 我正在考虑买一份人寿保险。
    2. i insured my life for ￡5,000. 我投保了5,000英镑的人寿保险。
    3. i decide to buy a life assurance of one hundred thousand us dollars.
    我决定买十万美元的人寿保险。
    4. i paid premiums on my life insurance last year. 我去年付了人寿保险费。
    5. i have life insurance and my house is also insured.
    我买了人寿保险，我的房子也入了保。
    应用对话
    steven: have you bought a life assurance, dad?
    ben: i took out a life insurance policy and made your mother the beneficiary.
    史蒂文：爸爸，你买人寿保险了吗？
    本：我买了份人寿险，受益人是你母亲。
    03 you can inquire endowment insurance code online.
    你可以上网查询相关的养老保险法规。
    常用单词
    endowment [?n'da?m?nt] n. 养老保险，捐赠，捐助
    insurance [?n'???r?ns] n. 保险，保险费
    学学这样说
    1. what is social endowment insurance? 什么是社会养老保险？
    2. pension system is an important social system. 养老保险制度是一项重要的社会制度。
    3. the state encourages personal savings for old age.
    国家鼓励开展个人储蓄性养老保险。
    补充短语
    pension system 养老保险制度，退休金体系
    04 what source does endowment insurance fund have?
    养老保险基金有哪些来源？
    学学这样说
    1. endowment insurance is not only a placebo. it really matters to everyone.
    养老保险不仅仅是一种心理安慰，它对每个人都至关重要。
    2. you will get basic retirement benefits from our company.
    退休后你就能从公司得到基本养老保险金。
    3. my son bought endowment insurance for me. 我儿子给我买了养老保险。
    4. fund your retirement. and don't withdraw it.
    要交你的养老保险，不要撤回。
    补充短语
    endowment insurance 养老保险
    05 according to the rule, unemployed personnel cannot enjoy unemployed insurance treatment under the circumstance of active abdication.
    依据规定，失业人员在主动辞职的情况下不能享受失业保险待遇。
    解析 ▲ under the circumstance of意为“在……的情况下”，与之类似的表达为in the case of。此外，under any circumstance指“在任何情况下，无论如何”。
    学学这样说
    1. her unemployment insurance will inure from the third week of her being out of work. 她的失业保险将从失业的第三周起生效。
    2. given its limited coverage, the insurance program is incomplete.
    该保险计划目前因覆盖面窄而并不完备。
    3. unemployment insurance extends the time when a person stays off the job.
    失业保险延长了劳动者的待业时间。
    4. the unemployment insurance system needs to be improved.
    需要完善失业保险制度。
    应用对话
    steven: are you eligible for unemployment insurance?
    ben: i'm afraid not. according to the rule, unemployed personnel cannot enjoy unemployed insurance treatment under the circumstance of active abdication.
    史蒂文：你有资格享受失业保险吗？
    本：恐怕没有。依据规定，失业人员在主动辞职的情况下不能享受失业保险待遇。
    06 unemployment insurance can guarantee basic livelihood of laid-off personnel.
    失业保险可以保障失业人员的基本生活。
    语法tips
    英语中表达“解雇”有多种方法，其中较为常见的包括：dismiss，fire，sack，downsize（裁员），lay off（通常指因工作岗位不足而辞退），give sb the sack/boot/ bucket，get the axe（被解雇）。
    常用单词
    unemployment ['?n?m'pl??m?nt] n. 失业，失业率
    guarantee ['g?r?n'ti:] v. 保证，担保
    学学这样说
    1. do you know how to get unemployment insurance? 你知道如何得到失业保险吗？
    2. you can enjoy unemployed insurance treatment. 你可以享受失业保险的待遇。
    3. at the end of 2000, a total of 100 million employees were covered by unemployment insurance. 截止2000年底，有失业保险的职工达到一亿人。
    4. some people are living on unemployment insurance.
    一些人靠失业保险金生活。
    07 do you agree to mandatory health insurance?
    你是否赞成强制医疗保险？
    解析 ▲ 词组agree to sth指“同意，赞成”，此外，agree的其他用法还有agree to do（同意做）╱agree on（对某事有同样看法）╱agree with（同意某人的意见，与……相符）。
    常用单词
    mandatory ['m?nd?t?r?] adj. 强制的，托管的
    health [helθ] n. 健康，卫生
    学学这样说
    1. how do i choose the medical plan? 我怎样选择医疗保险？
    2. what do our medical benefits cover? 我们的医疗保险包括哪些？
    3. do you have insurance, or will you take care of this yourself?
    您有医疗保险，还是药费自理呢？
    4. do you have health insurance? 您有医疗保险吗？
    5. have you ever thought of getting medical insurance? 您是否想过购买医疗保险？
    6. what kind of medical insurance are you covered by? 你享有哪种医疗保险？
    7. how much is the co-pay for this medical insurance? 这种医疗保险的自付率是多少？
    08 nearly 30% of people now have no health insurance.
    近30%的人现在没有医疗保险。
    解析 ▲ 副词nearly意为“几乎，差不多”，该句中nearly还可以用about/almost/ approximately/practically来代替。
    学学这样说
    1. most health insurance plans do not pay for long-term care.
    大部分医疗保险不会支付长期的疗养费用。
    2. the company offers its employees excellent health insurance benefits.
    该公司给员工提供很好的健康医疗保险。
    3. many people can receive medical coverage from their employers.
    许多人都能从雇主那里得到医疗保险。
    4. when employees lose their jobs, most of them lose their health insurance too. 一旦员工们丢了工作，多数也同时丢掉了其医疗保险。
    5. most foreigners have insurance to pay for medical treatment.
    大部分外国人都用保险来付治疗费用。
    补充短语
    health insurance/medical coverage 医疗保险
    09 i want to try my hand at stocks.
    我想试着投资股票。
    学学这样说
    1. i'd like to buy a stock. 我想买股票。
    2. by the way, what is the offering price? 顺便问一下，发行价是多少？
    3. what stock do you think will be the best to invest in this year?
    你认为今年投资哪只股票最好呢？
    4. what are the most popular stocks? 哪些股票最抢手？
    5. hum, i will take it at current price. 嗯，我按现价买入。
    随机测验
    do you mean ______ i have to buy at current price?
    a. that b. which c. what d. as
    翻译
    你的意思是我只能现价买入吗？
    答案：a
    提示：及物动词mean后通常接that引导的宾语从句，引导词that可以省略。
    10 what stock do you want to buy and how many?
    你要买哪一支股票呢？要买多少？
    学学这样说
    1. oh, now the asking price is us$80 each share. 哦，现在卖出价是每股80美元。
    2. the offering price is near us$58. 发行价接近58美元。
    3. the difference between the asking price and the offering price is us$3.
    卖出价和发行价的价差是3美元。
    4. how much do you spend on a stock? 您投资股票花了多少钱？
    补充短语
    asking price 索价，要价
    应用对话
    broker: what stock do you want to buy and how many?
    steven: i'd like to buy 1,000 shares of dubon.
    股票经纪人：你要买哪支股票呢？要买多少？
    史蒂文：我想买1,000股的杜邦股票。
    11 the stock proves to pay poorly.
    事实证明，这是支收益很差的股票。
    解析 ▲ pay常见的意思为“付款，偿还”，而此处指“（工作、交易或投资）有……报酬，产生……利润”。
    学学这样说
    1. my boss made a big fortune on the stock market. 老板在股市中发了大财。
    2. these shares have brought in good returns. 这些股票带来了很好的收益。
    3. those oil shares are a good investment. 那些石油股票是有利可图的投资。
    4. stockbrokers benefit a lot from stock exchange. 股票经纪人通过股票交易获利颇丰。
    5. the stock market crash makes john bankrupt. 股票狂跌使约翰遭遇破产。
    补充短语
    make a big fortune 大发其财
    benefit from 通过……获益，受益
    12 the stock market is a place where the exchange of stocks takes place.
    股票市场是一个股票交易的场所。
    解析 ▲ take place意为“发生，举行”，其与happen的区别在于：take place一般指某事件的发生有一定原因或为事先安排的；而happen则侧重指突发性事件的发生。
    常用单词
    stock [st?k] n. 股票，股份
    place [ple?s] n. 地方，住所
    学学这样说
    1. would you give me some information about stock? 你能告诉我有关股票的一些事情吗？
    2. can you explain what the “bull” and “bear” is?
    你能给我解释一下什么是牛市，什么是熊市吗？
    3. why do prices rise or fall? 价格为何上涨、下跌呢？
    4. how can we make money in the stock market? 我们如何在股市中赚钱呢？
    5. there are so many unpredictable fluctuations on the stock exchange.
    股票市场瞬息万变。
    6. when you invest in stock market, you'll get involved into the financial world.
    如果你投资股市，你就卷入了整个金融世界。
    13 to decide which share to buy in is quite hard sometimes.
    要决定买哪一只股票有时相当困难。
    语法tips
    sometime，sometimes，some time和some times的区别：sometime意为将来或过去的“某个时候”；sometimes指“有时”；some time指“在未来的某时”时，相当于sometime，又可指“一段时间”；some times意为“几次”。
    学学这样说
    1. a bull is a situation in which share prices are rising. 牛市是股价上涨的股市。
    2. a bear is a situation in which share prices keep falling. 熊市是股价不断下跌的股市。
    3. if there are more buyers, the price will rise. 买股票的人多了，价格就会上涨。
    4. if you think the market will go up, you can buy in or hang on.
    如果你相信股价会上涨，你可以买进或者持股不动。
    5. if the price rises turn out to be true, you can sell out and make your profit.
    如果股价真的上涨了，你就可以把手里的股票卖掉来赚钱。
    补充短语
    buy in 购进（某物），加入
    14 share prices bounced back this morning.
    今天早上，股票价格回升。
    解析 ▲ bounce有“跳，反弹”之意，短语bounce back指“弹回，回升受挫后恢复原状，卷土重来”。
    学学这样说
    1. there is a quick recovery in the share price. 股票价格很快有了回升。
    2. gold shares jumped yesterday. 昨天黄金股票猛涨。
    3. stocks took a flop last week. 上周股票猛跌。
    4. stocks generally lowered in value. 股票普遍下跌。
    5. shares have gone down again by five points. 股票又降了5个点。
    6. the stock market turned down sharply. 股票市场行情急转直下。
    补充短语
    take a flop 猛然跌倒
    15 as a matter of fact, when fund managers appear on tv to talk about the stocks they like, they are usually pumping the securities they own.
    事实上，基金经理在电视上谈论他们看好的股票时，通常是在为他们自己手里的股票打气。
    语法tips
    英语中，表达“事实上”除了用短语as a matter of fact外，还可以用actually，in fact，in reality等。
    常用单词
    pump [p?mp] v. 打气，用抽水机抽
    security [s?'kj??r?t?] n. 证券，抵押品，安全
    学学这样说
    1. investing in stock market is a risk. 投资股市是一种冒险。
    2. some people use the media to create artificial buzz about a stock so as to drive up its price. 有人利用新闻媒体人为地制造有关个别股票的传闻，为的是促使股价上涨。
    3. stock market is, by definition, unpredictable.
    从定义上而言，股市本来就是不可预测的。
    4. it is usually the bull market that creates the explosion of business news, not the other way around. 通常是牛市行情才会引起大量商业新闻，而不是熊市。
    16 i've heard stories of ceos leaking important information to newspapers or reporters obviously to boost their stock.
    我听说有的执行总栽把重要的信息泄露给报纸或记者，以促使他们公司的股票价格上涨。
    解析 ▲ listen和hear都能表达“听”，其区别如下：listen强调“听”的动作，含有“倾听，留神听”的意思，且后面须跟介词to才能接宾语；而hear强调“听”的结果，表示“听到，听见”，后面可直接接宾语。
    常用单词
    leak [li:k] v. 泄露，使渗漏
    boost [bu:st] v. 宣扬，推动
    学学这样说
    1. are you considering becoming one of these millions?
    你是不是也考虑加入这数以百万计的炒股大军？
    2. i heard that this stock would go up. 我听说这支股票的价格会上涨。
    3. at least they can promote their stocks in more subtle ways than that.
    至少，他们可以用更含蓄的方式来宣传自己的股票。
    4. i hear that some people can earn money out of a bear market.
    我听说有些人在熊市也能获利。
    17 we really missed the boat on that stock investment.
    那次股票投资，我们真是错失良机。
    解析 ▲ miss the boat意为“坐失良机”，类似的表达还有let an opportunity slip，如：never let such an opportunity slip.
    学学这样说
    1. they enticed me into investing money in stocks. 他们怂恿我购买股票。
    2. i won't part with the shares on any account. 无论如何我都不放弃这些股票。
    3. i tell my stockbroker to sell the share immediately.
    我告诉我的股票经纪人马上出售股票。
    4. we should hang on to the shares until their price becomes higher.
    在股票价格升高之前，我们应当保留这些股票。
    补充短语
    entice sb into 怂恿，唆使
    on any account 无论如何
    18 they decide to participate in the financing of the new hotel.
    他们决定参与新旅馆的投资。
    常用单词
    participate [pɑ:'t?s?pe?t] v. 参加，参与，分享
    financing [fa?'n?ns??] n. 融资，供给资金
    学学这样说
    1. i am going to find a good company and invest in it. 我要找一家好公司然后投资一下。
    2. i don't like to put money just in the bank, so maybe i should try investing in property. 我不喜欢把钱放在银行里，或许我该试着投资房地产。
    3. susan decides to invest in a fast-food restaurant. 苏珊决定投资经营快餐店。
    4. my brother is doing a three-year investment plan. 我弟弟正在做一个三年投资计划。
    5. john roughed out an investment plan. 约翰草拟了一个投资计划。
    补充短语
    rough out 拟出梗概，粗制
    19 what is the minimum investment?
    最小投资额是多少？
    解析 ▲ minimum作形容词时，意为“最低的，最小的，最少的”，其反义词为maximum，意为“最大值的，最大量的”。
    学学这样说
    1. if you have some spare cash, why not invest?
    如果你手头有多余的现金，何不投资呢？
    2. what do you want to invest in? 你想投资什么？
    3. how much do you plan to invest? 你计划投资多少钱？
    4. we plan to buy a new car as an investment. 我们计划投资买一辆新车。
    随机测验
    my father can't decide whether he should invest ______ the market or put his money under his mattress.
    a. / b. in c. to d. off
    翻译
    我父亲不确定是把钱投资到市场上去还是把钱存起来。
    答案：b
    提示：invest通常与in搭配，指“在……上投资，寄希望于”。
    20 jack had invested heavily in the bond market.
    杰克在债券市场上投资了很多钱。
    常用单词
    heavily [?hev?l?] adv. 重重地，猛烈地
    bond [b?nd] n. 债券，结合
    学学这样说
    1. they dabble in stock market. 他们在股市投资了少量的钱。
    2. he embarked his fortune in trade. 他用自己的财产投资做生意。
    3. we were investing in the future when we spent money on books.
    我们花钱买书是为未来做投资。
    4. i invested all my money in real estate. 我把钱全部投资了房地产。
    补充短语
    dabble in 涉猎，浅尝（活动或体育运动）
    real estate 不动产，房地产
    21 it's vital that you understand the ins and outs of this investment scheme before you commit any money to it.
    投资前你要弄明白这项投资计划的来龙去脉，这是极为重要的。
    语法tips
    “it is+（表情绪或观点的）adj./n.+that+主语从句”结构中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形或省略should的动词原形”。如it is necessary/ important/strange/surprising/funny/a pity/no wonder等。
    学学这样说
    1. it shows that you should invest in companies, not just ideas.
    这说明你应该投资公司，而不光是一些概念。
    2. you must invest if you want to enlarge your business.
    要想使生意扩大，你必须投资。
    3. if not, stick with low-risk funds. 如果不能，还是继续投资低风险基金。
    4. a relatively fast increase in investment should be maintained.
    保持投资相对较快地增长。
    5. a broker will advise you on how to invest your money. 经纪人将和你商量怎样投资。
    补充短语
    stick with 继续做，跟着……
    22 i am afraid that it is an unsound investment.
    我担心这项投资靠不住。
    解析 ▲ unsound此处指“不可靠的，不安全的”，此外unsound还可以指“无根据的，似是而非的，谬误的”，如：the conclusion is unsound（这个结论是毫无根据的）.
    学学这样说
    1. i changed my strategy around. 我改变了我的策略。
    2. i want to find an investment with good returns. 我想找到一项高利润的投资。
    3. in my opinion, the most valuable investment parents can make is their children's education. 在我看来，父母所能做的最有价值的投资就是孩子的教育。
    4. i do not quite see the point of investing in mine. 我觉得投资矿山没什么意义。
    5. i am advised to invest in real estate. 有人建议我投资房地产。
    补充短语
    in my opinion 依我看来，据我看来
    23 it's to your advantage to invest wisely.
    明智地投资对你有利。
    解析 ▲ to one's advantage意为“对某人有利，有利于”，此外与advantage有关的常用短语还有take advantage of（利用，欺骗）。
    常用单词
    advantage [?d'vɑ:nt?d?] n. 优势，长处，有利条件
    wisely [wa?zl?] adv. 明智地，聪明地
    学学这样说
    1. now is the best time to invest. 现在是投资的最佳时机。
    2. stocks are regarded as ideal long-term investment. 股票被认为是理想的长期投资。
    3. buying a house is a large investment for many people.
    买房对许多人来讲都是一笔大投资。
    4. it's said that investment in health is investing in family happiness.
    据说投资健康，就是投资家庭幸福。
    24 it proved to be a lucrative investment.
    事实证明，这是一项有利可图的投资。
    常用单词
    prove [pru:v] v. 证明是
    lucrative ['lu:kr?t?v] adj. 赚钱的，有利可图的
    学学这样说
    1. sound investments have made us very wealthy. 稳妥的投资已使我们变得非常富有。
    2. by investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由于投资精明而积累了一笔财富。
    3. i lost a bunch of money in the last two years, but the situation has been pretty good this year. 我前两年赔了一些钱，但是今年的形势很不错。
    4. she invested cleverly, and reaped a rich reward. 她聪明地投资，获取了丰厚的报酬。
    补充短语
    a bunch of 一群，一束，一堆
    25 he breaks even on the venture.
    他在那次投资中不赚也不赔。
    解析 ▲ break even意为“不盈不亏，够本”，与之类似的一个表达为make both ends meet（量入为出，出入相抵），如：i suppose we can make both ends meet this month.
    常用单词
    venture ['vent??(r)] n. 投机，风险
    学学这样说
    1. they received a poor return from their investment. 他们的投资获利甚微。
    2. i lost money for investing in the internet. 我投资因特网赔了钱。
    3. i lost a bunch of money on it this year. 我今年投资赔了一些钱。
    4. my investment is disastrous; i lost everything i owned.
    我的投资结果很惨，血本无归。

 求职准备

    求职准备
    01 i expect to apply for a job which will enable me to use my knowledge of computer.
    我想要申请一份能让我运用电脑知识的工作。
    解析 ▲ 短语apply for意为“申请”，与apply相关的另一个搭配为apply to，指“适用于，运用，涂抹”，如：these principles apply to the teaching of other subjects.（这些政策适用于其他科目的教授。）
    学学这样说
    1. a position requiring analytical skills in the finance is my job objective.
    需运用分析技巧的、金融方面的职务是我的求职目标。
    2. i want to collect some information about teaching positions.
    我想收集一些教学岗位方面的信息。
    3. i am looking for a position as a computer programmer.
    我正在找计算机程序员的职位。
    4. i want to stay in accounting. 我想待在会计行业。
    5. i'd like to get involved in programming. 我希望从事编程工作。
    补充短语
    get involved in 参与到，被卷入，涉及
    02 i am hunting for a job with health insurance and a paid vacation.
    我正在找一份有健康保险和带薪假日的工作。
    解析 ▲ hunt for意为“寻找，猎取”，寻找工作还可以用look for和seek。
    常用单词
    paid [pe?d] adj. 已付的，付清的
    学学这样说
    1. i want to find a job that can use my professional skills.
    我希望找一个能用上我专业技能的工作。
    2. i need a complex job to challenge myself. 我需要一份复杂的工作来挑战自己。
    3. i expect a well-paid job. 我想有份高薪的工作。
    4. i want a job in which i can use english. 我想从事一份能够使用英文的工作。
    5. i'm looking for a job with prospects of promotion. 我正在找一份有晋升前途的工作。
    03 administrative assistants with shorthand skill are badly needed here.
    这里急需有速记技巧的行政助理。
    常用单词
    administrative [?d'm?n?str?t?v] adj. 管理的，行政的
    shorthand ['??:th?nd] n. 速记，速记法
    学学这样说
    1. we have a position for an interpreter. 我们提供口语翻译一职。
    2. our college needs an english instructor. 我们学院需要一个英语教师。
    3. there is a vacant position for a design engineer in engineering department.
    工程部门需要一名设计工程师。
    4. we want a person who can take the responsibility of banking management.
    我们需要一个能够负责银行管理的人。
    5. you begin as a manufacturing trainee, and you will become a line supervisor eventually. 你从当见习生产员开始，最后可能会成为生产线主管。
    应用对话
    steven: hello! is your company advertising for administrative assistants on the newspapers?
    mr. lee: well, administrative assistants with shorthand and typing skills are badly needed here.
    史蒂文：您好！你们公司在报纸上登广告征聘行政助理了吗？
    李先生：对，这里急需有速记和打字技巧的行政助理。
    04 the job is only open to those with over five years' experience in retail.
    该职位只面向有5年以上零售经验的人员。
    解析 ▲ be open to指“对……开放，愿接受……的”，该句也可以改为：the applicants for this job must have over five years' experience in retail.
    学学这样说
    1. the position calls for a person with some working experience.
    这个职位需要任职者具备一些工作经验。
    2. we must be able to benefit from your interpersonal skills.
    我们必须能够从你的人际交往能力中获益。
    3. we required a staff member with the working experience in a foreign company. 我们需要一个在外国公司工作过的员工。
    4. ability to work on night shift is a distinct advantage. 能上晚班者优先考虑。
    补充短语
    night shift 夜班，夜班工人
    05 do you have any vacancy for full-time staff?
    你们这里有没有全职员工的职位空缺？
    解析 ▲ vacancy指“职位空缺”，此外还可以用job vacancy或job opening来表达相同的意思，如：i plan to apply for the job vacancy of the manager's assistant.
    常用单词
    vacancy ['ve?k?ns?] n. 空缺，空位，空白
    full-time [f?l ta?m] adj. 全职的
    学学这样说
    1. is the job still open? 那份工作还接受申请吗？
    2. do you need anyone with business english background?
    你们需要有商务英语背景的人员吗？
    3. do you need a dependable secretary? 你们需要雇用一名可靠的秘书吗？
    4. do you want an experienced software engineer?
    你们需要一名有经验的软件工程师吗？
    5. would you let me know if your company needs an english editor?
    你能否告诉我贵公司是否需要一名英语编辑？
    6. what are the requirements for the teaching position?
    这个教学岗位的必备条件是什么？
    7. what are the qualifications you are requiring for the position?
    应聘这个职位要具备什么样的条件？
    06 i'm calling in reference to the assistant position.
    我打电话来询问有关助理职缺的事。
    解析 ▲ in reference to意为“关于”，具有相同含义的表达包括about/concerning/regarding/ with regard to等。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm calling to inquire if your company has any openings.
    我打电话来是想询问贵公司是否还有职位空缺。
    2. i would like more information about the opening. 我想知道空缺职位的更多信息。
    3. i'm enquiring about your advertisement about a cashier.
    我想询问贵公司关于招聘出纳员的广告。
    4. i want to check about the availability at first. 我想先确认下是否已经招满。
    补充短语
    enquire about 询问关于
    at first 首先，当初
    07 i enclosed a letter of recommendation with my resume.
    我随个人简历附上一封推荐信。
    常用单词
    recommendation ['rek?men'de??n] n. 推荐；建议；推荐信
    resume ['rezjume?] n. 简历，履历
    学学这样说
    1. i will deliver my resume to you in a few minutes.
    我将在几分钟之内把我的简历递给您。
    2. i will send my personal details to you at once. 我会马上把我的个人信息发给您。
    3. my resume is delivered to you as requested. 我的简历按照要求发给您了。
    4. i will send you a resume via email. 我将把我的简历用邮件发给您。
    5. i am responding to your job offer advertisement in newspaper.
    我看到您在报纸上的招聘信息，特此回复。
    补充短语
    at once 立即，同时
    respond to 对……做出响应
    08 i hope you will consider my application and i shall appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience.
    我希望您能考虑我的申请，并将很感激您在百忙之中的早日回复。
    解析 ▲ appreciate有“感激，欣赏，领会”之意，此处取其第一个意思，通常用于i will appreciate it if...句型中。at your earliest convenience指“在您方便的时候尽快”。
    学学这样说
    1. i venture to apply for a job and enclosed are copies of my various credentials.
    我冒昧给您写信是想申请一份工作，随函附上我的各种证明的复印件。
    2. here is my resume and thank you for your time and consideration.
    这是我的简历，谢谢您抽出时间对我的申请予以考虑。
    3. after i deliver the resume, i hope that you will be kind enough to consider my application. 投递简历后，我希望您能好好考虑我的申请。
    4. i would like to have an opportunity to try this job if possible.
    如果可能的话我愿意尝试一下该工作。
    应用对话
    mr. lee: can you deliver your resume to us first?
    steven: of course. i hope you will consider my application and i shall appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience.
    李先生：你能先把简历发给我们吗？
    史蒂文：当然可以。请考虑我的申请，我将很感激您在百忙之中的早日回复。

 面试流程

    面试流程
    01 may i have an opportunity to tell you about my desire to work in your organization?
    我可否有机会与您谈谈我想在贵机构工作的愿望？
    常用单词
    desire [d?'za??(r)] n. 要求，欲望
    organization ['?:g?na?'ze??n] n. 组织，机构
    学学这样说
    1. may i ask whether i can have an interview? 能问一下我是否进入了面试？
    2. what qualifications do you need for the interview?
    要有什么样的资格你们才能给予面试机会？
    3. i shall be happy to furnish you with any further particulars that you may require, or to attend an interview at your request.
    我将很高兴提供你要求的任何详细资料或根据要求前来面试。
    4. i would welcome an opportunity to have an interview. 我希望您能给我一个面试机会。
    补充短语
    at one's request 按某人要求，依照某人的请求
    02 in my opinion, you're the strongest candidate for the job.
    在我看来，你在求职应征者中最有实力。
    解析 ▲ strong指“（竞争者、候选人、队伍）强大的，有望成功的，有实力的”。
    随机测验
    you will be asked to present _______ for interview.
    a. your's b. you c. your d. yourself
    翻译
    我们将要求你到场面试。
    答案：d
    提示：present oneself为常用搭配，指“出席，到场”。
    03 when is it convenient for me to visit you to talk about the position?
    何时方便我去拜访一下你，并谈谈工作上的事呢？
    常用单词
    convenient [k?n'vi:n??nt] adj. 方便的，适当的
    visit ['v?z?t] v. 参观，访问
    学学这样说
    1. what time is my interview scheduled for tomorrow? 那我的面试定在明天什么时候？
    2. excuse me, may i know the interview time? 打扰一下，我可以问一下面试时间吗？
    3. i am calling to ask the exact interview time. 我打电话来想问下确切的面试时间。
    4. when will you start interviewing for the position that i have applied for?
    我申请的这个职位何时开始面试呢？
    5. how long will the interview last? 面试将持续多久？
    应用对话
    steven: when is it convenient for me to have an interview?
    mr. gireen: i want to set up an interview for you at 9 a.m. next monday in our company's conference room.
    史蒂文：什么时候方便进行面试呢？
    格林先生：我想安排你下周一上午9点，在我们公司的会议室里进行面试。
    04 please arrive here on time to have an interview at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon.
    请于明天下午3点准时来这里面试。
    解析 ▲ on time意为“准时，按时”，具有相同意思的还有副词punctually，因此该句还可以表达为：please arrive here punctually to have an interview at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon.
    学学这样说
    1. you should attend the interview at 9 a.m. tomorrow morning.
    你要在明天上午9点来参加面试。
    2. i am about to notify all the applicants to come for an interview tomorrow afternoon. 我正要通知所有的应聘者明天下午来面试。
    3. the interview will take place in our company at 10 a.m. next tuesday.
    面试将于下周二上午10点在我们公司进行。
    4. if you are free, please come for an interview the day after tomorrow.
    如果有空，请在后天来面试。
    5. the employment interview is on monday. 求职面试时间定在星期一。
    补充短语
    employment interview 求职面试
    05 i am available for an interview at any time convenient for you.
    您认为方便的任何时间里，我都可以来面试。
    常用单词
    available [?'ve?l?bl] adj. 空闲的，可利用的
    interview ['?nt?vju:] n. 面试，面谈，采访
    学学这样说
    1. may i come to visit you at your convenience? 我能在你们方便的时侯前来拜访吗？
    2. i am free tomorrow and i want to know if that is a convenient time.
    我明天有空，想知道那时是否方便。
    3. if possible, you can call me to tell me the interview time.
    如果可能，您可以打电话告诉我面试时间。
    4. please inform me of the time of the interview. 请通知我面试时间。
    补充短语
    inform sb of sth 通知某人某事，告诉某人某事
    06 don't be late for your interview, or you won't get the job.
    面试不要迟到，否则你就得不到那份工作了。
    解析 ▲ or在此处意为“否则，要不然”，与otherwise表达的意思相同，因此该句还可以改为：
    don't be late for your interview, otherwise you won't get the job.
    学学这样说
    1. there are some things you must do before going for a job interview.
    在去求职面试前有几件事是你必须做的。
    2. if you are interviewing at a bank, remember to wear a suit.
    如果你是去一家银行面试，记住穿西装。
    3. it is a crucial element in interview preparation. 这是面试准备的必备步骤。
    4. one should prepare for a job interview in a relaxed manner.
    应该以一种轻松的方式准备面试。
    5. in order to make a good impression during a job interview, you need to prepare yourself for the interview.
    为了在求职面试中给人留下好的印象，你需要为面试做些准备。
    补充短语
    remember to do 记得要做某事
    07 i'm girding up my loins for that crucial interview.
    我在为那个重要的面试做准备。
    解析 ▲ gird (up) one's loins即prepare oneself for action，意为“准备行动”。而gird oneself for...指“准备”。
    学学这样说
    1. i am really in a flap about the interview. 这场面试真叫我不安。
    2. i worry about my interview tomorrow. 我对明天的面试感到担心。
    3. he spent a week preparing for this interview. 他为这次面试准备了一周。
    4. he spruced himself up for the interview. 他为参加面试打扮了一番。
    补充短语
    be in a flap 在激动中，慌作一团
    08 how is your preparation for tomorrow's interview?
    明天的面试你准备得怎么样了？
    常用单词
    preparation ['prep?'re??n] n. 预备，准备
    tomorrow [t?'m?r??] n. 明天
    学学这样说
    1. are you worried about the interview? 你担心这次面试吗？
    2. good luck in your interview. 祝面试顺利。
    3. getting ready for an interview isn't what it used to be.
    如今准备面试已经不再是以前那样了。
    4. you need to know how to prepare for the interview.
    你需要知道如何为面试做准备。
    补充短语
    be worried about 为……忧虑，为……烦恼
    09 it's my great honor to have this chance to be here.
    我很荣幸能有这次机会站在这里。
    常用单词
    chance [t?ɑ:ns] n. 机会，机遇，运气
    学学这样说
    1. may i come in? 我可以进来吗？
    2. excuse me，may i see mr. green? 对不起，我可以见格林先生吗？
    3. sorry for interrupting. 对不起，打扰了。
    4. i hope i didn't rush you. 希望没有给您造成不便。
    5. i'd like to have a try. 我想试一试。
    随机测验
    my name is tom and i am coming to your company for an interview as______.
    a. request b. requested c. requesting d. a request
    翻译
    我叫汤姆，我是应邀来贵公司面试的。
    答案：b
    提示：as requested为固定搭配，意为“按要求，依照请求”。
    10 i've looked over your resume and want to ask you some questions face to face.
    你的简历我已经看过了，想当面问你几个问题。
    解析 ▲ look over此处指“（快速）翻阅，浏览”。face to face意为“面对面，相对”，而face to face with则指“面对，面临（困难或现实）”，如：he came face to face with the difficulty again.（他又面临困难了。）
    学学这样说
    1. i'm sorry to keep you waiting so long. 很抱歉，让您久等了。
    2. thank you for coming. 谢谢你能过来。
    3. please take a seat. 请坐！
    4. did you have any difficulty finding our company? 找我们公司困难吗？
    5. the director of the personnel department will interview you today.
    人事部主任今天会来面试你。
    6. we looked over your resume and thought you might be a good candidate.
    我们看了你的简历，认为你可能会是个不错的人选。
    补充短语
    have difficulty (in) doing 有困难，在某方面有困难
    11 i have been engaged in desk work for many years.
    我从事文书工作已有多年。
    解析 ▲ be engaged in意为“从事于，忙于”，而be engaged to sb则指“与……订婚”。desk work意为“案头工作，文书工作”。
    学学这样说
    1. how is your experience relevant to this job? 你的经验与这份工作有何相关之处呢？
    2. what have you learned from the jobs you have had?
    你从以前的工作中学到了什么？
    3. what kind of jobs have you had? 你都做过什么工作？
    4. i can operate office software skillfully. 我能熟练操作办公软件。
    5. i've been working in a&b company for five years as a computer engineer.
    我在a&b公司当了5年的计算机工程师。
    应用对话
    mr. smith: do you have any working experience?
    steven: i have been engaged in desk work for many years.
    史密斯先生：你有什么工作经验吗？
    史蒂文：我从事文书工作已有多年。
    12 what skill do you think is the most critical to this job?
    对于这项工作你认为什么技能是最重要的？
    常用单词
    skill [sk?l] n. 技能，技巧，本领
    critical ['kr?t?kl] adj. 关键的，决定性的
    学学这样说
    1. what are your key skills? 你的重要技能是什么？
    2. how good is your writing ability? 你的写作能力有多强？
    3. what do you think of your proficiency in spoken english?
    你认为你的英语口语能力如何呢？
    4. have you obtained any certificate of technical qualifications?
    你获得过技术资格证书吗？
    5. what special skills do you have? 你有什么特殊技能吗？
    补充短语
    spoken english 英语口语
    13 tell me about the courses of your major at university.
    说说你在大学时都主修了什么课程。
    常用单词
    course [k?:s] n. 科目，课程
    major ['me?d??(r)] n. 主修科目；adj. 主要的，主修的
    学学这样说
    1. which school are you in? 你在哪个学校上学？
    2. when will you graduate? 你什么时候毕业？
    3. what is your major? 你是学什么专业的？
    4. did you get any honors or awards at college? 你大学时获得过荣誉和奖励吗？
    随机测验
    a: what was your major in college?
    b: i majored ______ english.
    a. / b. at c. in d. of
    翻译
    a：你大学学的是什么专业？
    b：我的专业是英语。
    答案：c
    提示：major之后通常与in搭配，指“主修，专修”。
    14 in 2005 i received my bachelor of science degree from this university.
    2005年我在该大学获得了理学学士学位。
    学学这样说
    1. i graduated from cambridge university. 我毕业于剑桥大学。
    2. i take more than 50 courses in university. 我在大学期间修了50多门课程。
    3. i was awarded scholarship from the university every year.
    每年我都获得学校的奖学金。
    4. in 2000 i participated in the national contest of maths models and won the prize. 在2000年我参加了国家数学建模比赛，并得了奖。
    5. in 2008 i received my mba degree from qxford university.
    2008年我在牛津大学获得了工商管理硕士学位。
    补充短语
    participate in 参加，分担
    15 generally speaking, i am an open-minded person.
    总的来说，我是个心胸宽广的人。
    语法tips
    -minded与形容词连用，指“有……性格（或态度、意见等）的”，如absent-minded（健忘的，心不在焉的），weak-minded（优柔寡断的，低能的），narrow-minded（心胸狭窄的，偏执的），like-minded（志趣相投的）。
    学学这样说
    1. are you a goal-oriented person? 你是一个有明确目标的人吗？
    2. i am always energetic and enthusiastic. 我总是精力充沛，充满热情。
    3. i am a friendly, enthusiastic, caring and determined person.
    我是个很友好、热情、关心他人和有决心的人。
    4. the strongest trait in my character is cheerfulness and friendliness.
    我个性上最大的特点是乐观和友好。
    5. my strongest attribute is diligence. 我最大的特点是勤奋。
    应用对话
    mr. smith: what is your character?
    steven: generally speaking, i am an open-minded person.
    史密斯先生：你的个性是什么样的？
    史蒂文：总的来说，我是个心胸宽广的人。
    16 there are four people in my family, my parents, my sister and me.
    我们家有4口人，父母、姐姐和我。
    语法tips
    英语中介绍人物的顺序为：先长辈，后晚辈；先女士，后男士；先他人，后自己。
    常用单词
    parent ['pe?r?nt] n. 父亲或母亲
    学学这样说
    1. are you married? 你结婚了吗？
    2. could you tell me something about your family? 你能告诉我你家里的一些情况吗？
    3. my father is a businessman and my mother is a teacher.
    我父亲是一位商人，我母亲是一名教师。
    4. i am still single. 我还是单身。
    17 where do you want to be in 3 years?
    你在3年内希望做到什么位置？
    解析 ▲ 该句话需结合具体情境进行理解，注意该句问的并非是对方希望在三年内到达哪个地方，而是对方希望三年内在该公司发展到什么地位或程度，即对方的职业规划。
    学学这样说
    1. can you describe your plan of job? 你能描述下你的职业规划吗？
    2. tell me about your recent goals. 告诉我你的近期目标。
    3. what is your long-range objective? 你的长远目标是什么？
    4. what expectations do you have of the company? 你对公司有什么期望？
    5. i expect to put my knowledge and experience to practical work.
    我想把我的知识和经验运用到实践工作中。
    6. generally it takes two years to move from this position to a management position in the company.
    通常情况下，在本公司从现在的职位升到管理层需要两年时间。
    7. i hope i can use my organizational and planning skills in the future.
    我希望将来能运用我的组织和计划才能。
    补充短语
    long-range objective 长期目标
    18 it can make use of my professional experience.
    它能发挥我的专业知识。
    解析 ▲ make use of意为“利用”，与之类似的表达还有utilize，take advantage of，exploit和avail oneself of。
    常用单词
    professional [pr?'fe??nl] adj. 专业的，职业的
    experience [?k'sp??r??ns] n. 经验，经历
    学学这样说
    1. why do you want to work here? 为什么你想在这里工作？
    2. the position seems both challenging and interesting.
    这个职位看起来很有挑战性和趣味性。
    3. i suppose i can benefit much from working here. 我觉得在这里工作会收获很多。
    4. this job will offer me an opportunity for advancement.
    这个工作会给我提供晋升机会。
    19 i feel my background is a good fit for this position.
    我认为我的背景非常适合做这份工作。
    解析 ▲ 此处fit作名词，a good fit即sth fit well，意为“适合，合身”。fit作动词时，常用搭配为fit in（有地方容纳，有时间从事，相处融洽），fit into（适合，与……融为一体）。
    学学这样说
    1. my past experience is related to this job. 我过去的经验与这份工作相关。
    2. the job seems like an ideal match for my experience.
    我的经历似乎非常适合做这份工作。
    3. your company has earned a very good reputation. 贵公司一直享有盛名。
    4. this is the company that i want to contribute to. 这正是我想为之贡献的公司。
    5. working for you is the sort of challenge i am looking for.
    能为你们工作正是我所追求的那种挑战。
    补充短语
    be related to 与……有关，和……有联系
    contribute to 做出贡献，促成，投稿
    20 i'm leaving the present job due to expiry of my employment contract.
    我离开现在的公司只是因为我的工作合同期满了。
    解析 ▲ expiry在此处指“（合同、最终期限、签证等的）期满，到期”。employment contract意为“劳动合同”，此外“劳动合同”还可以表达为labor contract。
    学学这样说
    1. the job i am doing is of no challenge, but i thrive on challenge.
    我现在做的这份工作没有挑战性，但我喜欢挑战。
    2. the salary of my present job is too low. 我现在的薪水太低。
    3. i want to settle down and make a long-term contribution.
    我想找一份能使我安定下来，并做出长远贡献的工作。
    4. the work is out of my field. 这份工作不在我的领域内。
    5. the present firm is too small for my development.
    现在这家公司太小了，不利于我的个人发展。
    6. i think the salary is not equal to my ability. 我认为薪水和我的工作能力不相符。
    7. i see no chance of advancement. 我看不到升迁的可能。
    应用对话
    mr. smith: why did you quit your present job?
    steven: i'm leaving the present job due to expiry of my employment contract.
    史密斯先生：为什么你想辞去现在的工作？
    史蒂文：我离开现在的公司只是因为我的工作合同期满了。
    21 is it possible for me to know about the outcome of the interview?
    我能知道面试结果吗？
    常用单词
    possible ['p?s?bl] adj. 可能的，合理的
    outcome ['a?tk?m] n. 结果，成果
    学学这样说
    1. does the manager consider me acceptable? 经理是否考虑录用我了？
    2. have you made any decision concerning the position?
    关于该职位，你们已经做出决定了吗？
    3. when will you announce the result? 你们什么时候发布结果？
    4. you mentioned that you would tell me the outcome of our meeting by friday.
    您说过会在周五前告诉我面试的结果。
    补充短语
    make a decision 决定下来，做出决定，下决心
    the outcome of ……的结果
    22 i'm just calling to inquire about the status of the personnel manager position.
    我打电话来是想问一下人事经理的招聘情况。
    解析 ▲ 短语inquire about意为“询问……的情况，打探，查询”，inquire常见的另一个搭配为inquire into（调查，推求，探讨）。
    学学这样说
    1. i am calling to ask about your consideration of my qualifications.
    我打电话是想问下您对我资格的考虑情况。
    2. i am anxious to know when the decision will be made. 我很想知道什么时候出结果。
    3. i wonder if you are satisfied with my performance in the interview.
    我想知道你们对我在面试中的表现是否满意。
    4. i hope i can get a positive reply. 我希望能得到一个肯定的答复。
    应用对话
    steven: hello, this is steven. i'm just calling to inquire about the status of the personnel manager position.
    mrs. white: you satisfy all the requirements. congratulations! you're hired.
    史蒂文：你好，我是史蒂文。我打电话来是想问一下人事经理的招聘情况。
    怀特女士：你符合这职位所有的要求。恭喜！你被录用了。
    23 i'll let you know the result of the interview before next friday.
    下个星期五之前，我就会让你知道面试结果。
    常用单词
    result [r?'z?lt] n. 成绩，结果
    随机测验
    an official notification of the results of your interview will be sent by _____ post.
    a. the b. a c. / d. an
    翻译
    关于你的面试结果的正式通知将会邮寄给你。
    答案：c
    提示：by指“通过某种方式”时，后面直接加表示方式的词，中间不加冠词。by post指“邮寄”。
    24 i think you'd be competent for this job.
    我想你能胜任这份工作。
    语法tips
    competent（有能力的，能胜任的）与qualified的区别：qualified一般指具有从事某一职业或做某事所需的资格，如学历、证明等，而competent则强调具备胜任某职务、工作的能力。
    学学这样说
    1. the job is yours. 这份工作是你的了。
    2. you seem to be fit for the company. 你看起来很适合这个公司。
    3. you're highly qualified. 你相当符合要求。
    4. you satisfy all the requirements of the position. 你符合这个职位所有的要求。
    5. this company needs someone like you. 这个公司需要像你这样的人。
    6. i believe we could use your expertise here. 我相信我们可以利用你的专长。
    7. i am glad to tell you that you are qualified to fill the position.
    很高兴告诉你你有能力担任该职。
    应用对话
    mrs. white: i think you'd be competent for this job. when can you start working?
    steven: anytime.
    怀特女士：我想你能胜任这份工作，你何时可以开始上班？
    史蒂文：随时。
    25 it's my great honor to work in your firm.
    我很荣幸在你们的公司工作。
    常用单词
    honor ['?n?(r)] n. 荣誉
    firm [f?:m] n. 公司；adj. 坚固的，坚定的
    学学这样说
    1. i'm glad to be told the news. 我很高兴被告知这个消息。
    2. i'm very proud to be employed by your firm. 我能被贵公司录用实在是荣幸之至。
    3. i am very lucky to be hired by you. 我很幸运地被你们录用了。
    4. thank you for hiring me. 谢谢你们录用我。
    补充短语
    be proud to do 为做某事而感到自豪
    26 we're hoping for someone who is more professional.
    我们在找更加专业的人选。
    语法tips
    who在这里引导定语从句，用于指人，其引导的定语从句修饰它的先行词someone。
    学学这样说
    1. we're looking for a person who's qualified. 我们需要能胜任的人。
    2. we need someone with more experience. 我们需要经验更丰富的人。
    3. we need someone who's already known about our operating system.
    我们需要已经了解公司运作系统的人。
    4. we wish you the best of luck in finding a job. 我们希望你求职顺利。
    补充短语
    know about 知道，了解
    27 i'm afraid we don't need your service at present.
    我恐怕我们目前并不需要您的效劳。
    解析 ▲ 短语at present意为“目前，现在”，与present相关的另一个搭配为for the present，意为“暂时，暂且”。
    常用单词
    service ['s?:v?s] n. 服务，服侍
    present ['preznt] n. 现在，礼物
    学学这样说
    1. you're not the one we're looking for. 你不是我们在寻找的人员。
    2. your background doesn't fit this work. 你的背景不适合这份工作。
    3. we don't want to hire an inexperienced worker. 我们不想聘用没有经验的工人。
    4. i'm afraid we will offer the job to someone else. 恐怕我们会将这份工作给其他人。
    28 may i know the reason why you don't choose me?
    我能知道你们没有选择我的原因吗？
    常用单词
    choose [t?u:z] v. 选择，挑选
    应用对话
    mary: may i know the reason why you don't choose me?
    mr. johnson: you lack the leadership skills which are required for this position.
    玛丽：我能知道你们没有选择我的原因吗？
    约翰逊先生：你欠缺这份工作所需要的领导能力。
    随机测验
    can't you give me ______ chance?
    a. other b. another c. the other d. others
    翻译
    你们不能再给我一次机会吗？
    答案：b
    提示：another泛指“（三个及三个以上中的）另一个”。
    29 the interview was much worse than i had expected.
    那次面试比我预期的糟得多。
    语法tips
    expect，wait for和look forward to的区别：expect指的是“预计即将到达或即将发生”；wait for指“在原地等待到达或发生”；look forward to有“期盼发生”的含义。
    学学这样说
    1. i tried to make a good impression in the interview. 我努力在面试时留下好印象。
    2. i think i performed quite well in the interview.
    我觉得我在这次面试中表现得相当不错。
    3. jack, did you have a good interview? 杰克，面试结果不错吧？
    4. he was anxious to wait for the results of the interview. 他焦急地等待面试结果。
    补充短语
    make a good impression 留下好印象

 签订协议

    签订协议
    01 there's a three-month probation for new recruits.
    新职员有3个月的试用期。
    常用单词
    probation [pr?'be??n] n. 试用，见习
    recruit [r?'kru:t] n. 新成员，新兵
    学学这样说
    1. the probationary period is one month from the commencement date.
    入职后的一个月是试用期。
    2. the period of your probation is three months. 你的试用期是3个月。
    3. we'll have to take you on three months' probation first. 我们得先试用你3个月。
    4. there is a statutory period of probation of twelve weeks. 有12周的法定试用期。
    5. can you accept a three-month trial? 你能接受3个月的试用期吗？
    应用对话
    mr. lee: please read the agreement and sign it.
    steven: (read the agreement.) there's a three-month period of probation for new recruits.
    mr. lee: yes. if you have any question, just ask.
    李先生：请阅读协议并签字。
    史蒂文：（阅读协议。）新职员有3个月试用期。
    李先生：是的。如果你有任何问题，尽管提出来。
    02 we can sign a valid contract after a three-month probation.
    3个月的试用期过后，我们会签订一个具有法律效力的合同。
    常用单词
    sign [sa?n] v. 签订，签署
    valid ['v?l?d:] adj. 有法律效力的
    学学这样说
    1. the probation period is included in the term of the labor contract.
    试用期包含在劳动合同期限内。
    2. the probation period can be defined by contract deadline.
    试用期可以根据劳动合同期限来决定。
    3. interns are not entitled to the same treatment as a formal staff member.
    实习生不享有正式员工的待遇。
    4. we provide internship allowance. 我们提供实习津贴。
    补充短语
    probation period 试用期，见习期
    03 interns with excellent performance will have chance to become permanent employees.
    表现优异的实习生将有机会转正。
    解析 ▲ permanent有“终生的，长期的”之意，permanent employee指“永久雇员，全日制员工”，与之相对的为temporary employee（临时员工）。
    常用单词
    intern ['?nt?:n] n. 实习生
    performance [p?'f?:m?ns] n. 表现，性能
    学学这样说
    1. the internship is possible to be transferred into formal position.
    实习生有机会转为正式员工。
    2. there is an opportunity to become a full-time employee after internship.
    实习期结束后，有机会能成为正式员工。
    3. after the probationary period you will be confirmed in your post.
    经过试用期后你将获准正式任该职。
    4. the recruit will be offered permanent position if his performance is satisfactory. 如果员工的表现令人满意的话，就可以长期担任该职位。
    5. those with excellent performance during the probationary period will become formal staff. 在试用期间表现优异者将会被聘用为正式员工。
    6. you will have this job if you measure up. 倘若试用合格，你将获得这份工作。
    7. being a full-time employee, you are well paid and can enjoy insurance.
    成为正式员工就能够享受优厚待遇并有保险。
    04 i wonder whether the agreement has legal effect or not.
    我想知道这份协议是否具有法律效力。
    学学这样说
    1. i want to know the wage in my probationary period.
    我想问一下试用期的工资是多少。
    2. how long is my probation? 我的试用期多长？
    3. does labor contract have probation? 劳动合同中是否有试用期？
    4. do employees here need to go through probation? 这里的员工需要经过试用期吗？
    补充短语
    labor contract 劳动合同
    应用对话
    steven: i wonder whether the agreement has legal effect or not.
    mr. lee: of course, you can believe us. both sides should act according to the provisions of the agreement.
    史蒂文：我想知道这份协议是否具有法律效力。
    李先生：当然有，你可以相信我们。双方都应按协议条款办事。
    05 he was taken on for a one-month probationary period before being accepted as a permanent staff member.
    在被接受成为固定职员之前，他经过了一个月的试用期。
    解析 ▲ take on此处指“雇用，录用”，此外该词组还有“承担（尤指艰巨工作或重大责任）”“呈现，显出（新面貌或新特点）”之意，如take on more responsibilities和take on a new look。
    学学这样说
    1. after the three-month probationary period, we decide to offer you a full-time contract. 经过3个月的试用期之后，我们已决定和你签一个全职工作的合同。
    2. one month's trial is over, and you have been formally employed.
    一个月的试用期已经过去，你被正式雇用了。
    3. due to his outstanding performance in the practice, we decided to recruit him as a full member of ours. 考虑到他在实习期的出色表现，我公司决定招收他为正式员工。
    4. the boss hired him formally with a monthly payment of 2,000 us dollars.
    老板正式聘用了他，月薪为2,000美元。
    06 let's come to an agreement on salary.
    我们来达成一项有关工资的协议。
    解析 ▲ agreement意为“协议，同意”，而短语come to an agreement on指“（在某方面）达成协议，说妥”。
    学学这样说
    1. i drew up a contract with a network company. 我与一家网络公司签订了协议。
    2. when shall we sign the contract if i become a member of your company?
    如果我被录用的话，什么时候可以和贵公司签合同？
    3. are the new employee contracts ready? 新的雇佣合同准备好了吗？
    4. have you got your employment contract yet? 你拿到你的雇佣合同了吗？
    补充短语
    draw up 折叠，草拟
    07 the signing of employment contracts should abide by general rules of contract signing.
    雇佣合同的签订应遵循合同签订的一般规定。
    解析 ▲ abide by意为“遵守，遵照（法规、约定等）”，类似的表达还有observe和comply with，如observe the rules和comply with government safety regulations。
    常用单词
    general ['d?enr?l] adj. 一般的，普通的
    rule [ru:l] n. 规则，统治
    学学这样说
    1. the employment contract will be issued by the human resources department.
    该劳动合同将由人力资源部发出。
    2. these conditions must be expressly included into the employment contract.
    这些条件都必须明确地写进雇佣合同之中。
    3. any term of this employment contract not favorable to the employee is null and void according to the labor laws.
    依据劳动法规，雇佣合同中任何对雇员不利的合同条款一律无效。
    4. full terms and conditions of your employment will be stated in the employment agreement. 完整的雇佣条款将在雇佣合同中写明。
    5. do you know your rights and obligations in this agreement?
    你知道这份协议中所规定的你的权利和义务吗？
    6. i don't care about the small print in your employment contract.
    我不在乎你雇佣合同里的附加条款。

 新人报到

    新人报到
    01 i'm reporting for work today.
    我今天来报到。
    解析 ▲ report for work指“报到上班”，而report to sb意为“到……报到，向……汇报”，如：everyone is supposed to report to the director.（每个人都应该向主管汇报。）
    学学这样说
    1. when did you get on board? 你什么时候来的？
    2. are you new here? 你是新来的吗？
    3. is this your first day to our office? 你是第一天来我们公司上班吗？
    4. it's my first day at work. 今天是我第一天上班。
    5. i was hired by the personnel section. 我是被人事部聘用的。
    6. i was told to report here to work as a secretary. 有人通知我到这里报到做秘书工作。
    补充短语
    get on board 上车，加入我们（团队）
    personnel section 人事部
    02 he'll be a big asset for our company.
    他将会是我们公司的宝贵资产。
    解析 ▲ asset除了“资产，财产”之外，还有“有用的物（或人），优点”之意，如：the ability to get along with people is an asset in business（在商界，善于跟他人打交道是可贵的优点）.
    学学这样说
    1. come and meet our new colleagues. 过来见见我们的新同事。
    2. hello, everybody, today we have a new colleague.
    大家好，今天我们来了一个新同事。
    3. i don't think you have known each other. 我想你们俩还互不认识吧。
    4. let me introduce you two. 我来介绍你们俩认识一下。
    5. tony is our newest employee. 托尼是我们的新进员工。
    6. he will be part of your team. 他将是你们团队的一员。
    03 please introduce all the members of our department to me.
    请给我介绍一下我们部门的所有成员。
    常用单词
    member ['memb?(r)] n. 成员，会员
    department [d?'pɑ:tm?nt] n. 部门，系，科
    学学这样说
    1. can i meet my colleagues? 我能见见我的同事吗？
    2. these are the people you'll be working with. 这些是你将来要共事的人。
    3. this is julia, our new administrative assistant. 这是茱莉娅，我们新来的行政助理。
    4. that's james, our manager. 那位是詹姆斯，我们的经理。
    补充短语
    work with 共事，一起工作
    04 i expect you could start at the bottom and work your way up.
    我希望你能从基层做起，然后逐渐往上升职。
    解析 ▲ at the bottom意为“在底部，在底端”，而work one's way up则指“获提拔，晋升”。
    学学这样说
    1. let me introduce you to our director. 让我给你介绍一下我们的主管。
    2. could you introduce me to the manager? 你能把我介绍给经理吗？
    3. you are the person who interviewed me. 你是面试我的那个人。
    4. i'm looking forward to working for you. 我一直期望能为您工作。
    5. i am in charge of this section and you can call me jane.
    我是这个部门的负责人，叫我简就可以了。
    补充短语
    in charge of 主管，负责
    05 i've been looking forward to meeting you.
    我一直盼望能见到您。
    解析 ▲ 词组look forward to意为“期望，盼望”，其中to为介词，因此之后应加名词、代词或v-ing形式。
    学学这样说
    1. allow me to make an introduction of myself. 请允许我介绍一下自己。
    2. i don't think we've met before. 我想我们以前没见过。
    3. it's a pleasure to meet you. 很高兴认识你。
    4. i am waiting to get to know each of you. 我正等着认识你们每一个人。
    5. i've heard a lot about you. 久闻大名。
    6. i feel so good joining your team. 加入你们团队的感觉真好。
    7. i am so happy to work here. 我很高兴能在这里工作。
    补充短语
    make an introduction 做介绍
    06 i am new to the working world and your guidance would be appreciated.
    我没有什么工作经验，请多指教。
    解析 ▲ be new to指“对……（来说）不熟悉，对……（来说）陌生”，working world指“职场”，而“对职场不熟悉”就是“没有什么工作经验”。
    学学这样说
    1. i do hope you can give me a hand. 我衷心地希望你们可以帮助我。
    2. i hope you will help me in work. 希望各位在今后的工作中多多关照。
    3. i will be working with you from today. 从今天开始，我将和你一起工作。
    4. we will cooperate well in work. 相信我们在工作中会合作愉快。
    应用对话
    steven: i am new to the working world and would appreciate your guidance.
    michael: it's my pleasure. just call me if you need anything.
    史蒂文：我没有什么工作经验，请多指教。
    迈克尔：别客气，如果有任何需要，只要叫我一声就可以了。
    07 glad to have you with us.
    很高兴你能加入我们的行列。
    常用单词
    glad [gl?d] adj. 高兴的，乐意的
    with [w?e] prep. 和……在一起，随着
    学学这样说
    1. hi, tom, welcome to join us! 你好，汤姆，欢迎你加入我们！
    2. welcome to our company. 欢迎来到我们公司。
    3. the pleasure is all mine. 这是我的荣幸。
    4. we hope you enjoy the working environment here. 我们希望你喜欢这儿的工作环境。
    补充短语
    working environment 工作环境
    08 don't worry. i'll give you an orientation.
    别担心，我会给你介绍情况的。
    解析 ▲ orientation在此处指的是“（岗前、学前、课前等的）情况介绍，培训，训练”，此外该词还有“态度，方向”之意，如keep the orientation of advanced culture.（要保持先进文化的方向。）
    常用单词
    glad [gl?d] adj. 高兴的，乐意的
    with [w?e] prep. 和……在一起，随着
    学学这样说
    1. i'll show you around. 我带你四处看看。
    2. if you have any question, i'm the person to ask. 如果有什么问题可以来问我。
    3. if you need anything, just ask julia. 如果你需要什么，找茱莉娅就行了。
    4. let me know if there's something i can do. 如果有我能做的事情，尽管说。
    09 where could i get some office supplies?
    请问哪里可以领到办公用品？
    常用单词
    supply [s?'pla?] n. 供应品，供给
    学学这样说
    1. where is the general manager's office? 总经理办公室在哪里？
    2. where can i get a badge? 我上哪儿能拿到胸牌？
    3. where is the copier? 复印机在哪儿？
    4. where is the fax machine? 传真机在哪儿？
    5. where do you go for lunch? 你们在哪里吃午饭？
    6. where is the restroom? 洗手间在哪里？
    随机测验
    this is the first time for me ______ this kind of work.
    a. to do b. do c. doing d. done
    翻译
    这是我第一次做这种工作。
    答案：a
    提示：it is/was the first time for sb to do sth为常用搭配，指“某人第一次做某事”。

 同事相处

    同事相处
    01 it would be a big favor if you could arrange the meeting.
    如果你能安排这个会议的话，就是帮我大忙了。
    常用单词
    favor ['fe?v?] n. 喜爱，好感，恩惠
    学学这样说
    1. could you help me? 你可以帮我吗？
    2. could you pass me the notebook, please? 请您把那个笔记本拿过来好吗？
    3. may i borrow your pen? 能借用一下你的笔吗？
    4. do you mind if i use your phone? 可以借用一下你的电话吗？
    5. lend me your umbrella, please. 我想借用你的伞。
    6. thank you for cheering me up. 谢谢你的鼓励。
    7. thank you for taking the time to help. 谢谢你花时间来帮忙。
    8. thanks for all your trouble. 这么麻烦你，真是谢谢了。
    补充短语
    cheer sb up 让某人打起精神、振作起来
    02 i wish i could help you, but i can't.
    我希望我能帮你，可是帮不上。
    语法tips
    如果表达与事实相反的情况，或不太可能实现的愿望，i wish之后的从句应用虚拟语气，从句谓语有三种时态：1）与现在事实相反，从句用过去时；2）与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；3）对将来事情的祝愿或愿望，用would(could, might)+do结构。
    学学这样说
    1. may i help? 要我帮忙吗？
    2. i'd be happy to help you. 很高兴为你效劳。
    3. i'm sorry, but i'm busy now. 对不起，我现在正忙。
    4. oh, it's nothing. 哦，这不算什么啦。
    应用对话
    steven: excuse me, could you help me move the desks?
    topher: i wish i could help you, but i can't.
    史蒂文：打扰一下，能帮忙移一下桌子吗？
    托菲：我很想帮你，可是我帮不上。
    03 let's bury the hatchet!
    我们和解吧！
    解析 ▲ hatchet原意为“短柄小斧”，短语bury the hatchet意为“和解，停战”，“和好”的其他表达还有make up，become reconciled，make peace with等。
    学学这样说
    1. i was angry that he approved the plan. 他同意了这个计划，我很生气。
    2. i'm upset with him. 我对他很失望。
    3. it's time to kiss and make up. 该和好了！
    4. cool it, man, i'm sorry. 对不起，冷静下吧。
    补充短语
    make up 和解，组成，补足
    04 you are carrying your jokes too far!
    你玩笑开得太过分了！
    解析 ▲ too far表示程度，意为“过头，过火，过分”，此处指开玩笑开得过分了。此外，joke is overdone也可以表达“玩笑开得过火”的含义。
    学学这样说
    1. do you think i was born yesterday? 你认为我是3岁小孩吗？
    2. who gives you the right to behave like that? 谁给你权利这么做的？
    3. how could you say that? 你怎么能这么说？
    4. i've just had enough. 我真是受够了。
    5. stop talking nonsense! 不要再说废话了！
    6. stop bothering me! 别再烦我了！
    7. mind your own business! 你别多管闲事。
    8. you are so full of yourself. 你真自以为是。
    补充短语
    be full of oneself 目空一切
    05 i'm shocked to learn that a fire broke out in your house this morning.
    听说你家今天上午着火了，我很吃惊。
    解析 ▲ break out指“（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然发生，爆发”，可以和break搭配的还有很多副词，如break away（突然离开，与……决裂），break down（失败，划分），break in（打断，闯入），break up（结束，放假）等等。
    常用单词
    shocked [??kt] adj. 震惊的，震撼的
    learn [l?:n] v. 得知，学习，认识到
    学学这样说
    1. we're sorry to learn that you have to leave. 得知你不得不离开，我们很遗憾。
    2. i was grieved to hear that your mother passed away. 得知你母亲去世了，我很悲伤。
    3. please convey my sympathy to your family. 请转达我对你家人的慰问。
    4. i do hope it's nothing serious. 我真希望情况并不严重。
    06 you have my deepest sympathy at this difficult time.
    在这艰难时刻我对您深表同情。
    常用单词
    sympathy ['s?mp?θ?] n. 同情，慰问
    difficult ['d?f?k?lt] adj. 困难的
    学学这样说
    1. i share your pain. 我跟你一样悲痛。
    2. please accept my heartfelt condolences. 请接受我衷心的哀悼。
    3. i hope your grief could quickly pass. 我希望你早日摆脱悲伤。
    4. please take care of yourself. 请保重自己。
    补充短语
    take care of oneself 保重，照顾自己
    07 would you like to join me?
    你要跟我一起去吗？
    语法tips
    join与join in的区别：join侧重于指参加某组织或团体，如join the party（入党）；而join in多指（和他人一起）参加活动，如join in the game（参加比赛）。此外，join还经常用于join sb in doing sth结构中，指“和某人一起做某事”。
    学学这样说
    1. hey, steven, going out to lunch? 嘿，史蒂文，出去吃午餐吗？
    2. i also feel kind of hungry now. 我现在也觉得有点饿了。
    3. i am on my way to the cafeteria. 我正要去餐厅。
    4. it's my turn to buy you dinner. 这次我请客。
    5. thanks for the wonderful lunch. 谢谢你请的这顿美味的午餐。
    6. next time it is on me. 下次换我请。
    补充短语
    go out 外出，熄灭，出版
    08 could you give me a ride?
    你可以载我一程吗？
    解析 ▲ give sb a ride是一个固定搭配，意思是“顺便载某人一程”，也可以用give sb a lift来表达。
    随机测验
    why not call it ______ day and come home with us?
    a. one b. a c. / d. an
    翻译
    为何不结束工作跟我们一起回家？
    答案：b
    提示：call it a day为固定搭配，意为“收工，就此结束”。

 考勤管理

    考勤管理
    01 you are earlier than usual today.
    你今天比平时要早。
    常用单词
    earlier ['?:l??] adj. 更早的
    usual ['ju:?u?l] adj. 通常的，平常的
    学学这样说
    1. hi, good morning, you are so early today. 嗨，早上好，你今天这么早。
    2. hey, jack, you are late! 嘿，杰克，你迟到了。
    3. you're five minutes late. 你迟到了5分钟。
    4. why late? 为何会晚呢？
    应用对话
    paul: you are earlier than usual today.
    steven: yes, that's because there is no traffic jam today.
    保罗：你今天比平时要早。
    史蒂文：是啊，那是因为今天没有堵车。
    02 traffic was good today, so i made it to the office earlier.
    今天交通状况不错，所以我可以早点到公司。
    解析 ▲ make it to后加地点，指“赶上，到达”，此外make it也可单独使用，此时指“达到预定目标，及时抵达，走完路程”。
    学学这样说
    1. my alarm clock didn't work this morning, so i am late.
    今天早上闹钟坏了，所以我迟到了。
    2. i arrived on time! 我准时到达了。
    3. i was only late by five minutes. 我只迟到了5分钟。
    4. it is very likely that i will be late this morning. 今天早上我迟到的可能性会很大。
    补充短语
    alarm clock 闹钟
    03 there must be something wrong with the time clock, because i can't clock in.
    打卡机一定出了什么问题，因为我上班打不上卡了。
    解析 ▲ 该句中的两个clock具有不同的词性，第一个clock为名词，time clock指“出勤记录钟，打卡钟”；第二个clock为动词，与in搭配，指“打卡上班”。
    学学这样说
    1. did you punch in? （上班时）打卡了吗？
    2. all staff clocked in before 8:00 this morning.
    今天上午所有的员工都在8点之前打卡上班了。
    3. what time did you punch in this morning? 你今天上午什么时候打卡上班的？
    4. i remembered having punched the time clock. 我记得我已经打过卡了。
    补充短语
    punch in 打卡上班
    04 you are not allowed to punch out ahead of time.
    你不能提前打卡下班。
    常用单词
    punch [p?nt?] v. 用拳猛击，打标记
    ahead [?'hed] adv. 领先地，在前面
    学学这样说
    1. did you punch out? （下班时）打卡了吗？
    2. can i knock off half an hour early? 我可以提前半个小时下班吗？
    3. shall i punch out for you, tom? 汤姆，要我帮你打下班卡吗？
    4. i think it is time to call it a day. 我想该是下班的时间了。
    补充短语
    punch out 打卡下班
    knock off 下班，击倒，中断
    05 just a minute to log out.
    给我一分钟的时间退出电脑系统。
    解析 ▲ log out指“注销，退出系统”，与之相对的短语为log in，指“登录”，如：to log in, you need to enter the password（要想登录，得先输入密码）.
    学学这样说
    1. it's been a long day. 今天忙了一天了。
    2. let's finish up. 就干到这儿吧。
    3. i am about to call it a day. 我差不多要结束了。
    4. i wish i could leave now. 我希望现在就可以走了。
    5. let's go home! 我们回家吧。
    补充短语
    finish up 结束，告终
    06 how long does it take you to reach the office every day?
    你每天要花多长时间到公司？
    解析 ▲ 此处reach为及物动词，意为“到达，抵达”，此外arrive in/at也能表达相同的意思，其中arrive in后往往接较大的地点，而arrive at后则常跟较小的地点。
    学学这样说
    1. how do you usually go to work? 你通常怎么去上班？
    2. do you drive a car? 你开车吗？
    3. it takes me about an hour to walk here. 走到这儿大概要花我一个小时。
    4. that gives me no other option but to travel by motorcycle.
    我别无选择，只能骑摩托车。
    5. it is much cheaper to take the bus. 乘公交车便宜得多。
    6. it will save much money, if you take public transportation.
    如果你搭乘公共交通工具，可以省下很多钱。
    7. it must be a long journey for you to reach the office.
    你平时上班肯定要走很长的一段路程。
    应用对话
    paul: how long does it take you to reach the office every day?
    steven: well, about an hour.
    paul: wow, that's quite a long journey.
    保罗：你每天要花多长时间到公司？
    史蒂文：嗯，大约一个小时。
    保罗：哇，很长的路程啊。
    07 it's almost four-thirty.
    现在快到4点半了。
    语法tips
    在英语中，时间有两种基本表达方法：1）直接表达，按“小时-分钟”的顺序写出，如8:40就可以表达为eight forty；2）间接表达，如分钟少于30分钟，用“分钟-past-小时”，如分钟超过30分钟，用“（60分钟——原来分钟）-to-小时”。
    学学这样说
    1. it's exactly six o'clock. 现在6点整。
    2. it's half past eight. 现在8点半。
    3. it's ten to ten. 现在9点50分。
    4. the clock shows half past two. 时钟显示两点半。
    应用对话
    paul: what time is it now?
    steven: it's almost four-thirty.
    保罗：现在几点了？
    史蒂文：现在快到4点半了。
    08 i guess this clock needs a new battery.
    我想这个钟该换一块新电池了。
    解析 ▲ 该句中guess后为省略引导词that的宾语从句，但当that引导主语从句时则不可省略，如：that he is not even twenty surprises me.（他甚至没有到20岁着实让我吃惊。）
    常用单词
    clock [kl?k] n. 时钟，计时器
    battery ['b?tr?] n. 电池，蓄电池
    学学这样说
    1. is your watch right? 你的表准吗？
    2. this clock is fast. 这个钟走得快。
    3. my watch is running fast. 我的手表快了。
    4. the office clock was five minutes slow. 办公室的时钟慢了5分钟。
    09 i'd like to take tomorrow off if it's all right with you.
    我明天想请假，可以吗？
    解析 ▲ take+时间+off指“请假，休假”，而take off的其他意思有“脱掉，起飞，突然成功”，如：take off your coat.（脱掉你的外套。）
    学学这样说
    1. do you mind if i take tomorrow off? 你介意我明天请假吗？
    2. would it be possible for me to take the day off this thursday?
    这个星期四，我是否可以休一天假？
    3. i wonder if it is possible for me to come in a bit late tomorrow.
    我明天上班可能要晚一些到，不知道行不行？
    4. director, i want to ask for leave. 主任，我想请假。
    5. i'm asking for a week's leave. 我准备请一周假。
    6. i need to take a day off. 我得请一天假。
    7. i have to tell you i won't be in today. 我不得不告诉你我今天不能来上班了。
    8. i will submit it for your approval. 我会交给你签字批准。
    应用对话
    david: mr. emory, i'd like to take this afternoon off if it's all right with you.
    mr. emory: but, you've called in sick three times during the last three weeks.
    大卫：艾默利先生，我今天下午想请假，可以吗？
    艾默利先生：但你这3周来已经请了3次病假了。
    10 you need to provide medical certification if you want to take a paid sick day.
    假如你想请带薪病假，你就要附上医生证明。
    解析 ▲ paid在该句中特指“（休假时）带薪的”，因此paid sick day意思就是“带薪病假”。
    学学这样说
    1. could you ask for sick leave for me? 你能替我请病假吗？
    2. i'll have to ask for sick leave today. 今天我得请病假了。
    3. she asked for a sick leave of two days. 她请了两天病假。
    4. did you file a medical leave certificate to your employer?
    你有没有向老板呈交病假证明？
    补充短语
    sick leave 病假
    11 i have a headache, so i'm calling in sick.
    我头痛，所以就打电话来请病假了。
    解析 ▲ call in sick意为“打电话请病假”，call in单独使用时，指“召来，顺路拜访”，如：
    sometimes he will call in and have a cup of tea.（有时他会顺路到这，喝上一杯茶。）
    学学这样说
    1. i really need to see the doctor this afternoon because i feel dizzy.
    我今天下午必须去看医生，因为我头晕。
    2. my daughter is seriously ill, so i need to take care of her at home.
    我女儿病得厉害，所以我要在家照顾她。
    3. i got some family issues to deal with, so i need to take tomorrow off.
    我家里有点事要处理，所以明天需要请个假。
    4. i would like to have a week's leave to prepare for my wedding.
    我打算请一周假来筹办婚事。
    5. my friends will come to visit me from another city tomorrow morning, so i'd like to go to meet them. 我的朋友们明天早上从另外一个城市来看我，所以我要去接他们。
    补充短语
    deal with 处理，与……交易
    12 take time off if necessary.
    如果需要的话，就请假吧。
    解析 ▲ necessary作为形容词，意为“必要的，必然的”，if necessary指“如有必要”，此外necessary还有名词词性，指“必需品”，如take the necessary with you before going for a hike（远足前随身带着必需品）。
    学学这样说
    1. you can take this afternoon off. 你今天下午可以休息。
    2. when can you be back? 你什么时候能回来？
    3. don't worry about your work. 别担心你的工作。
    4. i can't give you the day off. 我没法给你批假。
    补充短语
    give the day off 批假
    13 don't forget to bring a doctor's note tomorrow.
    记着明天把医生开的证明拿来。
    解析 ▲ note意为“证明书，笔记，便条”，而doctor's note指的是“医生的证明”。此外，note作动词讲时，指“注意，记录，指出”。
    学学这样说
    1. could you fill out the request form for taking the day off? 填一张请假申请单好吗？
    2. fill in the form, and i will sign it. 填一下这张表，我给你签字。
    3. submit the absence request, and you'll get paid. 交一份请假单，工资照发。
    4. can you arrange everything on your hands? 你能把手头上的工作安排一下吗？
    应用对话
    steven: i'm sorry. but i really need to see the doctor this afternoon. i feel dizzy and i can't concentrate on my work.
    mr. emory: all right, then. but don't forget to bring a doctor's note tomorrow.
    史蒂文：对不起。但是我今天下午必须去看医生，我头晕，不能专心工作。
    艾默利先生：好吧，但是记着明天把医生开的证明拿来。
    14 i've been busy with work for a long time and need a vacation.
    我忙了好长一段时间，需要休息一下。
    解析 ▲ be busy with意为“忙于，从事”，此外，可以表达“忙于”的短语还有be occupied/ preoccupied with，be engaged in等。
    常用单词
    work [w?:k] n. 工作，职业，事业
    随机测验
    i have ______ my leave and i would like to plan my holidays for this year.
    a. put out b. put off c. put on d. put into
    翻译
    我已经推迟假期了，我要安排一下今年的假期。
    答案：b
    提示：put off有“推迟，延期”之意，符合句意。put out表示“生产，出版，扑灭”。put on指“增加，穿上，上演”。put into指“使处于某种状态，把……译成，投入”。
    15 i'm running out of time.
    我现在时间紧迫。
    解析 ▲ run out of意为“用完，耗尽”，类似的表达还有use up和exhaust，如：don't use up all the milk.（别把所有的牛奶用光。）/all the material resources have been exhausted.（所有的矿产资源已经用完。）
    学学这样说
    1. the deadline is coming up. 截止时间就要到了。
    2. i don't have enough time to finish that job. 我来不及完成那项工作。
    3. time is so limited. 时间十分有限。
    4. i have a deadline to meet. 我必须遵守期限。
    5. i'm under great pressue. 我承受了很大的压力。
    补充短语
    under great pressure 承受很大的压力
    16 i don't even have time to catch my breath.
    我连喘气的机会都没有。
    常用单词
    catch [k?t?] v. 赶上，抓住
    breath [breθ] n. 呼吸，气息
    学学这样说
    1. what a week! 这个星期真忙！
    2. i always have a lot to do. 我总有很多事情要做。
    3. i always have my hands full. 我总是很忙。
    4. i'm always tied up with my work. 我总是忙得不可开交。
    补充短语
    be tied up with 忙于
    17 i just submitted a request for overtime.
    我刚刚交了一份加班申请。
    常用单词
    submit [s?b'm?t] v. 提交，递交
    request [r?'kwest] n. 请求，需要
    学学这样说
    1. i have to work overtime to finish the job. 我必须加班做完这项工作。
    2. we are on overtime. 我们在加班。
    3. i have to catch up. 我必须赶上。
    4. i am going to work next sunday. 我下周日要加班。
    5. i have to crack on with the work. 我必须抓紧时间尽快干完这项工作。
    6. i have worked overtime for the entire week. 我一整周都在加班。
    补充短语
    catch up 赶上，达到
    18 don't forget to write down your overtime hours on your time sheet.
    别忘了在你的考勤单上写上你加班的时间。
    解析 ▲ write down意为“写下，记下”，与write相关的词组还有write back（回信），write off（去函，勾销，忽视），write out（写出，写完）等等。
    学学这样说
    1. could you stay late? 你能晚点儿下班吗？
    2. could you work overtime tonight? 你今晚能加班吗？
    3. could you work during the weekend? 你周末能不能加个班？
    4. i'll double the pay for overtime hours. 我会付给你双倍的加班费。
    应用对话
    steven: i know that the deadline is coming up. i will work overtime this weekend.
    mr. wang: ok. don't forget to write down your overtime hours on your time sheet.
    史蒂文：我知道截止日期快到了。我本周末会加班。
    王先生：好的，别忘了在你的考勤单上写上你加班的时间。
    19 whatever you do, don't work too hard.
    无论你做什么，不要工作得那么辛苦。
    语法tips
    whatever与no matter what的区别：whatever既可引导让步状语从句（此时相当于no matter what），也可引导名词性从句；而no matter what只可引导让步状语从句。如whatever/no matter what he says, i don't believe it.（不管他说什么，我就是不信。）/ you should be responsible for whatever you said.（你应该对你所说的负责。）
    学学这样说
    1. you overwork these days. 你这段时间超负荷工作了。
    2. don't work too hard. 别过度劳累。
    3. pay attention to your health. 注意你的健康。
    补充短语
    pay attention to 注意
    20 we're in dispute with the management about overtime rates.
    我们正与管理层交涉加班费问题。
    解析 ▲ in dispute意为“在争论中，在争议中”，而overtime rates指“加班费”，此外还可以用overtime payment/pay来表达“加班费”的意思。
    学学这样说
    1. i can get a four-day leave, for i worked overtime last weekend.
    我可以休息4天，因为我上周末加班了。
    2. we often work overtime at the end of the month. 我们月底经常加班。
    21 could you take over my shift tomorrow?
    你明天能替我值班吗？
    解析 ▲ take over此处为“接替，接手”之意，此外该短语还有“接管（公司），（武力）占领”的意思，如take over the company/take over this city.
    学学这样说
    1. could you cover for me on thursday? 你星期四能帮我代班吗？
    2. i would be glad to take your calls while you are away.
    你不在时，我愿意替你接电话。
    3. i'll take care of the business for you. 我会替你照料工作的。
    4. i'll cover for you if you want to take a day off. 如果你想请一天假我可以替你的班。
    应用对话
    baker: could you cover for me on tuesday? i'm not coming back until wednesday.
    steven: sure. what's up?
    baker: we're going to the beach for weekend.
    贝克：你星期二能帮我代班吗？我要到星期三才回来。
    史蒂文：当然可以，有什么事情吗？
    贝克：我们周末要到海边去玩。
    22 mary is filling in during her absence.
    她不在时玛丽会来接替她。
    解析 ▲ 该句中fill in指“填补，代替”，fill in还可以指“填（写）”，如fill in the form，此时也可以说fill out the form。
    学学这样说
    1. julia will cover for me while i'm away. 我不在的时候，茱莉娅会帮我代班。
    2. he substituted for his colleague who was ill. 他为生病的同事代班。
    3. my colleague agreed to cover for me during my vacation.
    我的同事答应在我休假的时候帮我代班。
    4. i'll cover for tom while he's on holiday. 汤姆休假的时候，我会接替他的工作。
    补充短语
    substitute for 代替，替换on holiday 在度假
    23 what should i do if i want to switch with my colleague?
    如果我想和同事换班该怎么做呢？
    常用单词
    switch [sw?t?] v. 转换，抽打
    colleague ['k?li:g] n. 同事，同僚
    学学这样说
    1. would you mind me switching with you? 你介意和我换一下班吗？
    2. is it possible for you to do my duty next monday night if i take on your duty tomorrow? 如果我明天替你值班，那么下周一你能替我值夜班吗？
    3. i think it should be ok if you could change your early morning shift to the evening shift. 如果你能把早班调到晚班，我想应该没问题。
    4. he wanted to change his days off. 他想调休。
    补充短语
    change the day off 调休
    24 i will arrange someone else to take over your job.
    我会安排别人接替你的。
    语法tips
    else有形容词和副词两个词性，作形容词时，else常放在不定代词或疑问词之后作后置定语，如something else，what else等。
    学学这样说
    1. i switched with julia. 我和茱莉娅换班了。
    2. we're supposed to do the 7 o'clock shift in the evening from next monday.
    从下星期一开始，我们要上晚上7点的班。
    3. i need to do the day shift. 我需要上白班。
    4. which day do you want to change? 你想调哪一天？
    补充短语
    in the evening 在晚上
    25 the company decided to delay rest days due to heavy business.
    由于业务繁忙，公司决定调休。
    解析 ▲ decide to do指“决定做某事”，相同意思的表达还有make a decision，因此该句还可以改为：the company made the decision to delay rest days due to heavy business.
    学学这样说
    1. why do you want to change your days off? 你为什么要调整休假日呢？
    2. i'd like to change my day off from this sunday to next monday.
    我想把我的休息日从这周日调到下周一。
    3. i will ask you to change julia's day off from sunday to monday this week.
    我要请你把茱莉娅这周的休息日从周日调到周一。
    4. i'm working without overtime pay, so i can take some days off later.
    我加班没有加班费，所以我可以在以后调休几天。
    补充短语
    overtime pay 加班费
    26 when will i be arranged to go abroad for an inspection tour？
    我出国考察的时间被安排到什么时候了？
    常用单词
    abroad [?'br?:d] adv. 在国外，到海外
    inspection [?n'spek?n] n. 视察，检查
    学学这样说
    1. i need to arrange a five-day business trip to hong kong.
    我需要抽出5天时间去香港出差。
    2. i must go to beijing to attend a meeting. 我要去北京参加一个会议。
    3. i have to go to paris on urgent business. 我有急事得去巴黎出差。
    4. i flew to new york on business. 我飞往纽约出差。
    补充短语
    business trip 商务旅行，出差
    27 you are scheduled to leave for a business trip next monday.
    你被安排下周一出差。
    解析 ▲ schedule作动词时，指“（在时间上）安排，计划”，而be scheduled to do意为“定于，被安排”。
    常用单词
    leave [li:v] v. 离开，出发，留下
    trip [tr?p] n. 旅行
    学学这样说
    1. i've arranged for a three-day stay in london.
    我为在伦敦为期3天的行程做了安排。
    2. you are going on a business trip next week. 你下星期要去出差。
    3. you will arrive at the airport on may 2nd. 您将在5月2号抵达机场。
    4. on this trip you will visit several customers. 你这次外出得拜访一些客户。
    5. the most important task on this trip is to get the order of that company.
    这次出差的最主要任务就是争取那家公司的订单。
    28 i want to take this opportunity of the business trip to pay a visit to the forbidden city.
    我想利用这次出差的机会顺便参观一下紫禁城。
    解析 ▲ take this opportunity to指“借此机会，把握机会”；短语pay a visit to指“去参观，拜访”，相当于动词visit。
    常用单词
    business ['b?zn?s] n. 商业，生意
    forbidden [f?'b?dn] adj. 被禁止的，严禁的
    学学这样说
    1. how did your business trip go? 你出差的情况怎样？
    2. was it your first business trip overseas? 这是你第一次到海外出差吗？
    3. i wonder if it is possible to arrange a day for shopping.
    我想知道有没有可能安排一天的时间来购物。
    4. the schedule is too tight for this business trip. 这次出差行程安排得太紧了。
    29 please remind me that i have to bring my passport and important documents.
    请提醒我要记得带护照与重要公文。
    常用单词
    passport ['pɑ:sp?:t] n. 护照，通行证
    document ['d?kj?m?nt] n. 文件，公文
    学学这样说
    1. would you please put all the documents i need for my trip in one folder?
    请把我此行所需要的文件都放进一个文件夹，好吗？
    2. i've booked the flight at the time you required. 我已按您要求的时间订好了航班。
    3. i can't miss the train because i'm going to london on business.
    我不能错过火车，因为我要去伦敦出差。
    4. i need to practice my french before my business trip.
    我出差之前需要练习一下法语。
    5. before our business trip, we get some money from the finance department.
    出差前，我们从财务部门预支了些钱。
    补充短语
    finance department 财务
    30 we must account to our boss for every penny we spend when going on a business trip with him.
    与老板一起出差时，我们得把花的每一分钱都向他交代清楚。
    解析 ▲ account to意为“向（某人）报账，向……做出解释”，与account相关的常用搭配还有account for（说明原因、理由等，导致），on account of（由于，基于），on no account（绝不，切莫），take sth into account（充分考虑，将某事考虑进去）。
    常用单词
    boss [b?s] n. 老板，首领
    学学这样说
    1. last time when i went on a business trip with the boss, i didn't even have time to eat. 上次我和老板一起出差，甚至没时间吃饭。
    2. you don't know how tight the schedule is for this business trip.
    你不知道这次出差行程安排得有多紧张。
    3. nothing is more stressful than going on a business trip with the general manager. 没有比和总经理一起出差更令人紧张的事了。
    4. business trips are tiring to me. 对我来说出差很累。
    5. business trips never leave much time for shopping.
    因公出差从来不会有很多时间用于购物。
    31 the company can no longer afford to have all the executives out on trips for days at the same time.
    该公司无法再承担所有高管同时在外出差好几天。
    解析 ▲ no longer意为“不再，已不”，相当于not any more，因此该句可换为：the company can not afford to have all the executives out on trips for days at the same time any more.
    学学这样说
    1. people who traveled on business were given traveling allowance.
    出差的人都能拿到出差津贴。
    2. when you send in your expense report, you also have to file a report about the aim of your trip. 申请报销时，你还得附上报告说明出差的目的。
    3. reading between the lines of tom's business trip report, i can see a lot of problems. 从汤姆的出差报告中，我可以知道很多问题。
    补充短语
    traveling allowance 差旅费，出差津贴
    file a report 提交报告
    32 my wife is always very happy each time i come back from a business trip.
    我每次出差回家，妻子总是十分高兴。
    语法tips
    英语中，引导时间状语从句，除了用when，before，while，since等从属连词外，还可以用each time，next time，the year，the moment等名词短语，如：the minute i saw it, i cound't help wanting to get it.（我一看到它，就忍不住想要得到它。）
    学学这样说
    1. i heard you were going on a business trip. 我听说你要出差了。
    2. i heard that he was asked to write a report of his business trip.
    我听说他被要求写出差报告。
    3. i like to take an occasional business trip. 我喜欢偶尔出差。
    4. i always get some presents for colleagues when i come back from a business trip. 我出差回来总要给同事们带些礼物。
    补充短语
    take a business trip 出差
    come back 回来，记起

 薪资待遇

    薪资待遇
    01 the firm offered her a generous bonus.
    公司给了她一笔可观的奖金。
    常用单词
    generous ['d?en?r?s] adj. 慷慨的，大方的
    bonus ['b??n?s] n. 奖金，红利
    学学这样说
    1. how much of a bonus can i expect? 我能领多少奖金呢？
    2. how much is your year-end bonus? 你的年终奖有多少？
    3. it's amazing that you got such a high bonus. 你领那么多奖金，令人惊叹！
    4. a prize of 1,000 us dollars is not to be sneezed at.
    1,000美元的奖金可不是个小数目。
    5. we get 2,000 us dollars a month, including bonus.
    包括奖金在内，我们每月拿2,000美元。
    补充短语
    year-end bonus 年终奖金，年终分红
    sneeze at 轻视，蔑视
    02 i won't get sales commissions until after four months.
    4个月后我才能拿到销售佣金。
    解析 ▲ commission有“佣金，回扣”之意，sales commissions指“销售佣金”。not...until...指“直到……才……”。
    学学这样说
    1. you'll get bonus at the end of each year. 每年年底你会得到年终奖。
    2. we don't give bonus every month. 我们并非每月都有奖金。
    3. we give bonuses semi-annually. 我们半年发一次奖金。
    4. i wish we could get salary and bonus every month. 我希望我们有月薪和月奖可拿。
    5. workers got a christmas bonus. 工人得到了圣诞节奖金。
    6. what about the bonus we were promised? 答应给我们的奖金呢？
    随机测验
    our manager ______ bonus payments for two months.
    a. fudges b. has been fudging c. is fudging d. fudged
    翻译
    我们的经理两个月来一直回避发放奖金一事。
    答案：b
    提示：fudge指“回避，敷衍”。for two months表示一个时间段，因此句子应当用完成时来表示延续性动作或状态。
    03 i think you will get a big bonus, because you always have high sales.
    我想你的奖金应该会不少，因为你的销售业绩总是很好。
    语法tips
    英语中，需注意because不能与so连用，although不能与but连用。原因是so和but为并列连词，连接两个并列成分，而because与although为从属连词，引导从句，因此这两组词不能同时出现。
    学学这样说
    1. it will be thrilling to get my first bonus. 第一次领到奖金我会很激动的。
    2. bonuses depend on your performance. 奖金是和你的表现挂钩的。
    3. the firm repaid her hard work with a bonus. 因为她工作努力，公司给她发了资金。
    4. this is my performance bonus. 这是我的业绩奖金。
    5. to my delight, i received a cash award. 令我开心的是我获得了奖金。
    应用对话
    baker: i think you will get a big bonus, because you always have high sales.
    steven: i hope so. i think you will get a big bonus too. bonus depends on performance and you worked overtime almost every day.
    贝克：我想你的奖金应该会不少，因为你的销售业绩总是很好。
    史蒂文：我希望如此，我觉得你也可以得到很多奖金。奖金是和表现挂钩的，你几乎每天都在加班。
    04 after three years, you qualify for a two-week vacation.
    3年后，你就有资格拥有两周的假期。
    解析 ▲ qualify for意为“（使）有……资格，受到……”。a two-week vacation指“一个两周的假期”。
    学学这样说
    1. every month you have three days off, including weekends and some important holidays. 包括重大节假日和周末在内，你每月有3天假。
    2. female workers enjoy a two-week paid vacation a year.
    女职工每年有两个星期的带薪休假。
    3. i'm entitled to 20 days' vacation a year. 我每年有20天假期。
    4. the employees of the firm have an annual paid holiday of 30 days.
    该公司雇员每年享受30天带薪假期。
    5. we usually go on holiday in july. 我们一般在7月休假。
    6. our annual leave is thirty days. 我们每年休假30天。
    补充短语
    be entitled to 有……的资格
    go on holiday 去度假
    05 we'll supply you with an apartment with one bedroom and a living room.
    我们会提供给你一套一室一厅的公寓。
    解析 ▲ supply sb with sth指“给某人提供某物”，类似的表达还有provide sb with sth和offer sb sth。
    学学这样说
    1. you can ask for an apartment after you have worked three years for us.
    在为我们工作3年后，你可以要求一套公寓。
    2. employees get extra pay for overtime work. 员工加班有加班费。
    3. we reward our employees at the end of the year according to their performance. 我们每年年底按员工表现对其进行奖励。
    4. we provide you with health insurance and bonuses. 我们为你提供健康保险和奖金。
    补充短语
    provide sb with... 向某人提供……
    06 we have been concerned about the welfare of the staff.
    我们一贯很关心职工的福利。
    解析 ▲ be concerned about指“关注，担忧，关切”，而be concerned with除了有“关心”之意外，还指“涉及，与……有关”，如：it is concerned with the study of methodology.（它与方法论有关。）
    常用单词
    welfare ['welfe?(r)] n. 福利
    staff [stɑ:f] n. 职员，员工
    学学这样说
    1. do we have a pension plan? 我们有养老计划吗？
    2. we'll provide two free tours a year during holidays.
    我们每年在节假日提供两次免费旅游。
    3. we offer an excellent salary and benefit package. 我们提供高工资和很好的福利。
    4. the employees have opportunities for further training or education.
    雇员有进一步培训或深造的机会。
    5. you can enjoy a three-week paid vacation a year.
    你可以享受一年3周的带薪假期。
    07 what are the chances of getting a raise this year?
    今年有可能涨工资吗？
    语法tips
    英语中，往往会用到fat和slim来修饰chance，虽然两个形容词的原意分别为“肥的，胖的”和“苗条的，纤细的”，但实际上fat chance和slim chance均指“可能性不大”。
    学学这样说
    1. could you give me a raise? 您能给我加薪吗？
    2. when will you give me a raise? 您什么时候给我涨工资？
    3. i would like to ask you for a raise. 我想向您要求加薪。
    4. i think i deserve a raise. 我想我应该加薪。
    5. i'm supposed to get a raise. 我应该涨工资了。
    6. i want a 20 percent pay raise. 我想增加20%的薪水。
    7. i would like to be paid according to my abilities. 我想要根据我的能力拿工资。
    8. i was told that i would get a pay raise every year. 我听说每年会加一次薪。
    补充短语
    give sb a raise 给某人涨工资
    08 i feel quite embarrassed for requesting a pay raise so quickly.
    这么快就要求涨工资，我实在不好意思。
    常用单词
    embarrassed [?m'b?r?st] adj. 尴尬的，窘迫的
    应用对话
    boss: you did an excellent job in this project.
    steven: thank you. it was hard work. but i'm glad i did it. when will you give me a raise?
    boss: ha...i am not sure.
    steven: i feel quite embarrassed for having to request a pay raise so quickly.
    老板：在这个项目中你做得很好。
    史蒂文：谢谢你，这工作不容易，但是我很高兴我做到了。那您什么时候给我加薪？
    老板：这个嘛，我不确定。
    史蒂文：这么快就要求涨工资，实在不好意思。
    09 i'd like to know the salary you expected.
    我想知道你的期望工资。
    解析 ▲ 该句也可以表达为：i'd like to know your expected salary.
    学学这样说
    1. what is your expected salary? 你想拿多少薪水？
    2. what starting salary would you expect? 你期望的起薪是多少？
    3. what is the lowest salary you may consider? 你可能考虑的最低薪金是多少？
    4. how much did you have in mind? 你打算要多少薪水？
    5. what salary do you expect per month? 你希望每月拿多少薪水？
    6. as for payment, how much do you think you deserve? 你认为自己应得多少薪水？
    补充短语
    have in mind 打算，考虑到
    as for 至于，关于
    10 but we are not in the position yet to give you a raise.
    但目前我们无权给你加薪。
    解析 ▲ be in the position to do指“能够做”。而in position指“就位，在适当的位置”，如：is everything in position for this audition?（试听的东西都准备好了吗？）
    学学这样说
    1. if you perform very well, you can ask for a pay rise.
    如果你工作很出色的话，你可以要求加薪。
    2. you're efficient and you deserve it. 你很能干，这是你应得的。
    3. i agree to raise your salary. 我同意给你涨工资。
    4. i decide to raise your salary. 我决定给你涨工资。
    随机测验
    my salary is only ______ of his.
    a. two thirds b. two-third c. two third d. two-thirds
    翻译
    我的薪水仅仅是他的三分之二。
    答案：a
    提示：表达“几分之几”，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，但当分子大于1时，序数词需要加s。
    11 his pay is three times as much as mine.
    他的薪水是我的3倍。
    解析 ▲ as much as用来描述数量时有两种情况：1）表示“多达”，如：there is as much as 50,000 u.s.dollars that we can save from it.（我们从这里能节省多达5万美元。）2）表示“与……一样多”，如：i drank as much water as she did.（我和她喝的水一样多。）
    常用单词
    mine [ma?n] pron. 我的；n. 矿藏
    学学这样说
    1. my salary is really low. 我的薪水真的很低。
    2. with taxes and insurance deducted, there's not much left .
    扣掉税金和保险费后，剩下的钱就不多了。
    4. he has a large income. 他有很高的收入。
    5. the salary sounds very reasonable. 这个工资听起来很合理。
    12 i think salary is closely related to the responsibilities of the job.
    我认为工资与你所做工作的责任范围紧密相关。
    语法tips
    英语中，常用的表示“与……相关”的表达有：be related to，be connected with，be linked to，relate to，have something to do with等。
    常用单词
    closely ['kl??sl?] adv. 紧密地，严密地
    responsibility [r?'sp?ns?'b?l?t?] n. 责任，职责
    学学这样说
    1. pay is not everything. 薪水不是一切。
    2. working so hard for so little, it just isn't worth it.
    工作这么辛苦却领这么少的钱，实在不值得。
    3. money is important, but the responsibility with this job is more attractive for me. 金钱固然重要，但伴随这份工作而来的责任更吸引我。
    4. the reality is that my wife makes more money than me.
    事实是我妻子赚得比我还多。
    13 once the news gets out that he's got a pay increase, everyone will want one.
    一旦他加薪的消息发布出去，每个人都会要求加薪的。
    解析 ▲ 本句中that he's got a pay increase为由that引导的同位语，是对前半句中the news内容的补充说明，即“他加薪的消息”。
    学学这样说
    1. how many years haven't you gotten a raise? 你多少年没涨工资了？
    2. the company can't afford to give anyone a raise. 公司没法给我们每个人都涨工资。
    3. his wife faces a fourth year with no salary increase. 他的妻子已4年没有涨工资了。
    4. i daren't ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪。
    5. don't count on a salary increase this year. 别指望今年会加薪。
    6. the salary increase meant a lot to me. 这次涨工资对我来说太有意义了。
    7. this salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living.
    薪水的增加没有影响我的生活水平。
    补充短语
    count on 依赖，期望
    make no difference 没有影响，都一样

 职位变动

    职位变动
    01 i wonder when i can be transferred to the head office.
    我想知道我何时能被调往总部。
    解析 ▲ head office指“总部，总公司”，此外表达“总部”还可以用headquarters。而“分公司”则用branch office / company。
    常用单词
    wonder ['w?nd?(r)] v. 想知道
    transfer [tr?ns'f?:(r)] v. 转移，传递
    学学这样说
    1. my request for transfer is in. 我已经把调任的申请交上去了。
    2. i have applied for a transfer. 我已申请调任。
    3. can i have a transfer to a new office? 我能调换到一个新办公室去吗？
    4. my brother has asked for a transfer. 我弟弟要求了调动工作。
    02 i think it's time to move on.
    我想是该有所改变了。
    解析 ▲ move on在此处指“改做别的事”。该词组还可以表达“继续前进，出发”之意，如：what is really important is to gather yourself up and move on.（最重要的是你要打起精神，继续前进。）
    学学这样说
    1. i've already been here too long. 我在这儿已经待了太久了。
    2. i expect to change my environment. 我想换一下环境。
    3. i want to apply for a transfer because my wife is transferred overseas.
    因为我妻子被调到海外工作了，所以我也想申请调任。
    4. i want to be transferred to the beijing office. 我想调到北京办事处。
    补充短语
    expect to 期望做
    03 i come to tell you i've put in for a transfer.
    我是来告诉你我申请调任的消息。
    解析 ▲ put in for意为“申请，推荐”。put in单独使用时，有“花费，投入（时间或精力）”之意，如：he put in much time and energy at his study.（他在他的研究上花费了太多的时间和精力。）
    学学这样说
    1. we're transferring you to our headquarters. 我们要调你去公司的总部。
    2. where do you want to be transferred? 你想被调到哪儿去呢？
    3. your transfer cannot be completed. 您的调动无法完成。
    4. i hate having to leave this place. 我真舍不得离开这儿。
    5. do you mean that you are leaving? 你的意思是你要离开吗？
    随机测验
    jack, your transfer came ______. congratulations on your transfer and promotion.
    a. out b. in c. on d. back
    翻译
    杰克，你的调任通知到了。祝贺你调动升迁。
    答案：b
    提示：come in有“（信息）传来，（报告或电话）接收到”之意。come out指“出来，出现，出版”。come on指“开始，快点，前进”。come back指“回来，记起”。
    04 he has transferred from the personnel department to the accounts office.
    他已由人事部调到会计室任职。
    解析 ▲ transfer作动词有“（使）调动，（使）换岗”之意。描述“某人换岗或调动”，既可用主动形式，也可用被动形式，即：he transferred/was transferred to the sales department.（他被调到了销售部门。）
    常用单词
    personnel ['p?:s?'nel] n. 人事部门
    account [?'ka?nt] n. 账户，账目
    学学这样说
    1. she has been transferred to another department. 她已被调往另一部门。
    2. he has been transferred from london to paris. 他已从伦敦调到巴黎。
    3. she's been transferred to our london branch. 她已调到我们在伦敦的分部。
    4. the employer transferred tom to another office. 老板把汤姆调到了另一个办公室。
    5. julia wants a transfer to another department. 茱莉娅想转到另一个部门工作。
    6. steven has been posted away. 史蒂文已调任新职。
    7. he was soon transferred to another post. 他很快被调职了。
    8. it certainly took him down a peg to be transferred to the warehouse.
    被调任到仓库，无疑使他很丢面子。
    05 employees are usually promoted or transferred on the basis of their performance instead of seniority.
    员工通常是根据其工作表现升职或调任，而不是依据资历。
    解析 ▲ on the basis of指“以……为基础，根据，按照”，其他类似的表达还有based on，according to，in accordance/line with等。
    学学这样说
    1. how do you feel about relocating? 你对工作地点的调动有何看法？
    2. any worker who fails to develop satisfactorily will be transferred to other post. 不能适应的工人会被调任到其他岗位。
    3. nearly all the spare workers have been absorbed into other departments.
    几乎所有多余的员工都已被调往其他部门任职。
    4. in order to give the young trainees experience of all sides of the business, our company often switches them round between departments.
    为了让年轻的受训人员体验一下这个职业的各个方面，我们公司经常让他们在各个部门之间进行轮岗。
    补充短语
    absorb into 吸收，把……并入
    switch round （使）经常改换工作，使变换位置
    06 i thought i might be transferred, but as it is i will still stay here.
    我以为我可能调动工作，但是照目前情况看我会留下。
    语法tips
    as it is和as it were的区别：as it is指“照现在的情况，事实上”；而as it were为插入语，意为“可以说，在某种程度上”，如：he is, as it were, a person who knows everything about english.（可以说他是一个通晓英语的人。）
    学学这样说
    1. i regret that i transferred. 我很后悔调动工作。
    2. they are considering transferring me. 他们在考虑调动我的工作。
    3. i'm disinclined towards another transfer. 我不愿再调动了。
    4. what should i do if they refuse to be transferred?
    如果他们不服从调动，我该怎么办？
    补充短语
    refuse to do 拒绝做，不肯
    07 after having worked here as a typist for about two years, i'd like to have a chance for advancement.
    我在这儿当打字员差不多两年了，我想有一次升迁的机会。
    常用单词
    typist ['ta?p?st] n. 打字员
    advancement [?d'vɑ:nsm?nt] n. 提升，进步，前进
    学学这样说
    1. i would like to have a chance to be promoted. 我期望得到一个升迁的机会。
    2. i have the seniority and i want to be promoted. 我具备应有的资历，想要被提升。
    3. based on my seniority, i have every confidence in my promotion.
    根据我的资历，我对升职充满信心。
    4. i'd like a secretarial job in the head office instead of the typing work.
    我希望到总公司做秘书而不是打字员。
    5. i ask for a promotion due to my good performance last year.
    我因为去年的良好表现而要求获得晋升。
    6. competence is a prerequisite for promotion. 能力是升职的先决条件。
    补充短语
    based on 以……为依据，基于
    have every confidence in 深信不疑
    08 i sincerely wish you great success in your new post.
    我真诚地祝愿你在新的岗位上取得巨大成功。
    解析 ▲ post在此处指“岗位”，可以用position来替代。另外，post比较常见的意思还有“邮件，邮政”，如：i sent it to you by post.（我通过邮寄的方式递给你。）
    常用单词
    sincerely [s?n's??l?] adv. 真诚地，由衷地
    wish [w??] v. 希望，祝愿
    学学这样说
    1. congratulations on your promotion! 祝贺你晋升！
    2. it's great to hear about your achievement! 恭喜你取得的成就！
    3. please accept my congratulations on your promotion. 你升职了，请接受我的祝贺。
    4. best luck in your new position. 祝愿你在新职位上万事如意。
    09 the promotion came as quite a surprise for me.
    这次升迁令我很意外。
    语法tips
    quite为副词，意为“相当，非常”，常用于“quite a/an +adj.+n.”结构，如this is quite a pretty drawing.当然该句也可以表达为：this drawing is quite pretty.
    学学这样说
    1. i appreciate your remarks. 谢谢你这么讲。
    2. it's nothing special actually. 实际上，这没什么特别的。
    3. i still have a lot to learn yet. 我还有很多要学习的。
    4. i won't let this promotion change me. 我不会因为这次升职而改变的。
    补充短语
    a lot 许多，非常，很
    10 he was promoted very quickly for he is very competent.
    他升职升得很快，因为他是非常有能力。
    常用单词
    promote [pr?'m??t] v. 提升，促进，擢升
    quickly ['kw?kl?] adv. 迅速地，很快地
    学学这样说
    1. due to her excellent performance, she was given a wonderful promotion.
    她表现非凡，因此获得了升迁。
    2. she worked hard and received quick promotion. 她工作努力，升职很快。
    3. he got the promotion because he told his ideas to the boss.
    因为他将自己的想法报告给了老板，所以升职了。
    4. his continual lateness hindered his promotion. 他连续的迟到是阻碍升职的一个污点。
    11 your hope of promotion is a mere delusion.
    你升职的希望只不过是一种幻觉。
    常用单词
    mere [m??(r)] adj. 仅仅的，只不过的
    delusion [d?'lu:?n] n. 迷惑，欺骗，错觉
    学学这样说
    1. he doesn't have great expectations for his promotion.
    他对自己的升迁没抱太大的期望。
    2. he was hoping to be promoted. 他希望获得晋升。
    3. jack is bucking for a promotion. 杰克正竭力争取升职。
    4. i should be in line for promotion soon. 我应该很快就会升职。
    5. i have confidence in her promotion. 我对她升职这件事充满信心。
    6. he is expected to be promoted to manager. 他有望被提拔为经理。
    补充短语
    have great expectations for 寄予很大的期望
    buck for 谋求
    in line for 有可能获得……
    12 rumour has it that he'll be promoted to finance manager.
    谣传他将升任财务部经理。
    解析 ▲ rumour意为“传闻，谣言”，rumour has it that指“谣传，据传”。此外it is rumoured that...也有“谣传”之意。
    学学这样说
    1. he'll soon be appointed as managing director. 他不久将被任命为执行总裁。
    2. if you perform well, you can expect promotion. 你只要表现好，就有可能获得提升。
    3. he certainly ought to be promoted. 他应该被提升的。
    4. any word on your promotion? 有你升迁的消息吗？
    补充短语
    ought to 应当，应该
    13 it is said that he has been promoted twice in three years.
    据说他在3年中升迁了两次。
    解析 ▲ it is said that指“据说，俗话说”，该句也可以改为：he is said to have been promoted twice in three years.
    常用单词
    twice [twa?s] adv. 两次，两倍
    学学这样说
    1. her promotion was unexpected. 想不到她会升职。
    2. his assistant was promoted over his head. 他的助手获得提升，地位超过了他。
    3. we were all surprised at her promotion. 她的升迁令我们都感到惊奇。
    4. now you having got a promotion, it's a good time to set goals for next year. 现在你升职了，这是制定明年目标的好时机。
    5. his promotion is effective on august 4th. 他的升职从8月4日开始生效。
    14 management kept her promotion in limbo for a year.
    领导将她的升迁之事放置一边有一年之久。
    解析 ▲ limbo指“被忘却，不稳定，中间状态”，因此in limbo意为“处于不稳定（或中间过渡）
    状态”。
    学学这样说
    1. he was promised a promotion almost two months ago, and this never happened. 他被允诺升职差不多都有两个月了，可一直没兑现。
    2. in our company, promotions are given without fear or favor.
    在我们公司里，职位升迁是很公平的。
    3. our company is active in promoting women. 我们公司在提拔女性方面很主动。
    4. there are good chances of promotion in our firm. 我们公司里晋升的机会很多。
    补充短语
    without fear or favor 公正地，公平地
    15 i don't think i'm up to this job.
    我觉得我无法胜任这份工作。
    常用单词
    think [θ??k] v. 想，认为
    job [d??b] n. 工作，职业
    学学这样说
    1. to be honest, i've got a better offer with higher salary.
    老实说，我有了一个薪水更高的工作。
    2. the truth is that i've got a better offer. 实际上我有一个更好的工作机会。
    3. i was offered a better position by another company.
    另一家公司给我提供了更好的职位。
    4. i see no chance of advancement. 我没有看到任何升迁的机会。
    5. i'm leaving because i've been told that i have to accept a demotion.
    我准备离开是因为我被告知必须接受降职。
    6. i want to quit because i don't get along with my boss.
    因为与老板相处得不好，所以我想辞职。
    补充短语
    get along with 进展，与……和睦相处
    16 i'm quitting because i want to try something different.
    我辞职是因为想尝试不一样的东西。
    语法tips
    形容词修饰不定代词，如some，any，something，anybody，everyone，all等时，通常需要后置。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm sorry to resign at present, but i've decided to go abroad.
    很抱歉在这个时候提出辞职，但我已经决定要出国了。
    2. my reason for leaving is personal. 我之所以辞职，实属个人原因。
    3. i am leaving to look after my aged mother in a distant city.
    我为照顾住在远方的年老的母亲而申请辞职。
    4. the only reason for leaving is that i want to better myself.
    我离开的唯一理由是为谋求更好的发展。
    补充短语
    look after 照顾，照看
    17 i've made a tough decision and here is my resignation.
    我做了一个很困难的决定，这是我的辞呈。
    常用单词
    tough [t?f] adj. 艰难的，困难的
    decision [d?'s??n] n. 决定，决心
    学学这样说
    1. i want to quit my position as general manager. 我想辞去总经理的职位。
    2. i'll be sorry to leave here for some special reasons.
    很遗憾我因为某些特殊原因要离开这里了。
    3. i will devolve my work before leaving next month.
    下个月离开前，我会把工作移交出去。
    4. one month should be enough for you to find a replacement for my position. 一个月的时间足够您找个人来接替我了。
    5. i feel sorry, but could you accept my resignation? 很抱歉，能不能请您批准我辞职？
    应用对话
    steven: excuse me, sir. i've made a tough decision and here is my resignation.
    mr. green: i am sorry to hear that. why do you want to quit?
    steven: i'm sorry to bring up my resignation at this moment, but i've decided to study abroad.
    史蒂文：打扰一下，先生，我做了一个很困难的决定，这是我的辞呈。
    格林先生：我很遗憾听到这个决定。为什么你要辞职？
    史蒂文：很抱歉在这个时候提出辞职，但我已经决定要出国念书了。
    18 do you have any complaints with our company?
    你对公司有什么不满吗？
    常用单词
    complaint [k?m'ple?nt] n. 抱怨，诉苦
    company ['k?mp?n?] n. 公司
    学学这样说
    1. have you found a more ideal job? 你已经找到更理想的工作了吗？
    2. it comes as a bit of a surprise. 这有点突然。
    3. i thought you were happy here. 我以为你在这儿工作得很愉快。
    4. i'm surprised and i think you do quite well here. 我很意外，我觉得你在这儿工作得很好。
    补充短语
    a bit of 一点
    19 i appreciate the opportunity i've been offered here.
    感谢公司给予我的机会。
    学学这样说
    1. i have gained a lot of experience here. 我在这里积累了很多经验。
    2. thank you for your help, but i still want to leave the company.
    谢谢您的关照，但我还是想离开公司。
    3. i've really enjoyed working for you. 我真的很高兴为您工作。
    4. i'm sorry to leave here and i like the people i work with.
    我很遗憾要离开这儿，我很喜欢这里的同事们。
    随机测验
    i wish to get ______ the advertising business. a. into b. to c. out d. in
    翻译
    我希望在广告业发展。
    答案：a
    提示：get into指“从事，致力于”。get to指“到达，开始”。get out指“出来，出版”。get in指“收割，当选，被录取”。
    20 there has been much gossip as to his resignation.
    关于他的辞职一直有很多流言蜚语。
    常用单词
    gossip ['g?s?p] n. 流言，小道传闻
    resignation ['rez?g'ne??n] n. 辞职，辞职信
    学学这样说
    1. is it true that mr. smith is going to resign? 史密斯先生要辞职是真的吗？
    2. have you heard of her intention to resign? 你听到她打算辞职了吗？
    3. he quit in disgrace over the bribe. 他因受贿而不光彩地辞职了。
    4. there were calls for her resignation from the board of directors.
    有人要求她辞去董事会中的职务。
    补充短语
    in disgrace 可耻地，不光彩地
    21 if i don't get a pay rise, i'll quit.
    若不给我加薪，我就辞职。
    常用单词
    quit [kw?t] v. 辞职，离开
    学学这样说
    1. i've had enough, so i quit. 我受够了，所以辞职了。
    2. i've made a decision to resign. 我已决定辞职了。
    3. i won't quit until i get my bonus. 我要在领完奖金后再辞职。
    4. julia decided to resign in protest. 茱莉娅决定辞职，以表抗议。
    补充短语
    in protest 以示抗议
    22 it is customary to turn in the resignation one month before one's last day.
    通常要在离职前一个月递交辞职信。
    解析 ▲ turn in在此处指“上交，提交”，此外该短语还有“上床睡觉，归还”之意，如you'd better turn in the library books before you leave school.（你最好在离校之前归还给图书馆。）
    学学这样说
    1. it would be foolish to resign for such a trivial thing. 为这样的小事辞职未免愚蠢。
    2. my husband hated his job so much that he quit.
    我丈夫非常讨厌他的工作，因此他辞职了。
    3. we haven't yet received his resignation. 我们尚未收到他的辞呈。
    补充短语
    be foolish to do sth 做某事很愚蠢
    23 he pronounced that we were dismissed.
    他宣布我们被解雇了。
    常用单词
    pronounce [pr?'na?ns] v. 宣告，宣判
    dismiss [d?s'm?s] v. 解雇，解散
    学学这样说
    1. they kicked me off. 他们把我开除了。
    2. i just got my pink slip. 我刚收到解聘通知书。
    3. the boss told me that i needn't come tomorrow, or any other day.
    老板告诉我说，我从明天开始不必来公司了。
    4. he was fired on the spot. 他被当场解雇。
    5. he was booted out of the firm. 他被公司解雇了。
    6. he got the kick yesterday. 昨天他被解雇了。
    补充短语
    pink slip 解雇通知书
    on the spot 立刻，当场，在危险中
    24 he was dismissed because of negligence.
    他因渎职而遭解雇。
    语法tips
    because of与because虽都表达“因为”的含义，但其各自用法有所不同：because of为词组，其后跟名词、代词、v-ing形式等；而because为连词，后面接从句，如：i didn't go because i didn't want to.（我没有去因为我不想。）
    学学这样说
    1. he was fired for doing something illegal. 他因从事非法活动而遭解雇。
    2. he got the sack for petty thieving. 他因小偷小摸而遭到解雇。
    3. he was fired for he didn't cooperate well with other employees.
    他被解雇是因为和其他雇员配合不好。
    4. she sued her employer for unfair dismissal. 她控告雇主无理由解雇工人。
    随机测验
    his work was always below standard, ______ he finally got the sack.
    a. therefore b. so c. but d. however
    翻译
    他的工作质量总是达不到要求，所以他最终被解雇了。
    答案：b
    提示：therefore和so都可表达“因此，所以”，但therefore为副词，不能用来连接两个句子，因此应当用so。
    25 you mean i'm among the people who have to leave?
    你是说我也是被解雇的人员之一？
    语法tips
    关系代词who和whom的区别：两者都只指代人，但前者为主格，后者为宾格。通常情况下，whom可省略，也可用who或that替代whom，但用于介词后时，只能用whom。如：this is the girl with whom i talked yesterday.（这就是我昨天和她谈话的女孩。）
    学学这样说
    1. we have to let you leave now. 我们现在不得不让你离开。
    2. you were removed from the post. 你被解雇了。
    3. company has to lay off some staff. 公司必须裁减一些员工。
    4. i feel sorry, but that's the decision of the boss. 我很抱歉，但那是老板的决定。
    补充短语
    remove from... 从……中移开
    26 the manager was discharged for inefficiency.
    经理因无能而被解雇。
    常用单词
    discharge [d?s't?ɑ:d?] v. 解雇
    inefficiency ['?n?'f??nt?ns?] n. 效率低，无能
    学学这样说
    1. recently our business has been going down sharply and we have to reduce some staff. 最近我们生意下滑得很厉害，我们不得不裁员。
    2. your work failed to meet our requirement for employees.
    你的工作达不到我们对雇员工作质量的要求。
    3. i am tired of the constant poor performance of your work.
    我对你工作上一再糟糕的表现感到很厌倦。
    4. you're the sales manager, but our sales went down.
    你是销售部经理，但我们的销售量下滑了。
    5. you have no improvement over last year so i decide to let you go.
    去年一整年你的工作都毫无进步，所以我决定让你走。
    6. he was blue over his dismissal. 他因被解雇而情绪低落。
    7. he was sacked because of being late for work. 他因上班迟到而被解雇。
    8. my boss fired me for my lack of teamwork spirit.
    老板因为我缺少团队合作精神而解雇了我。
    补充短语
    be tired of 厌烦，厌倦
    27 would you like to fill his position?
    你想要接替他的职位吗？
    常用单词
    fill [f?l] v. 任职，填满
    position [p?'z??n] n. 职位，位置
    学学这样说
    1. it's said that 30 workers have to go. 据说得解雇30名员工。
    2. ten people are going to be laid off next month. 公司下个月要裁10名员工。
    3. they are getting rid of some staff. 他们要解雇某些人。
    4. do you have any idea when the lay-off will start? 你知道裁员从什么时候开始吗？
    5. any idea who will be laid off? 知道谁将被解雇吗？
    6. who is going to be the first to leave? 谁会是第一个走的？
    补充短语
    get rid of 除掉，去掉
    28 the manager threatened his men with dismissal in order to bully them into working harder.
    这位经理以解雇来威胁职工，以使他们更卖力地工作。
    解析 ▲ bully有“迫使，胁迫”之意，因此bully into指“威逼……做……”。另外bully还可以指“欺负，恐吓，欺凌”，如：he was always bullied at school.（他经常在学校被欺负。）
    常用单词
    threaten ['θretn] v. 威胁，恐吓
    dismissal [d?s'm?sl] n. 解雇，免职
    学学这样说
    1. the firm couldn't afford to pay such large salaries, so five people have already left. 公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支，所以有5个人已经走了。
    2. he had the option of resigning or being fired. 他可以选择主动辞职或被解雇。
    3. i expressed my indignation at being unfairly dismissed.
    我对不公平地被解雇表示愤慨。

 约见客户

    约见客户
    01 would you please ring me up to reschedule our appointment for another time?
    你能否打电话给我，我们另外约一个时间见面？
    解析 ▲ ring up主要用于英式英语中，指“打电话”，也可以用call，telephone，give sb a call (ring)。
    学学这样说
    1. may i make an appointment? 我可以安排一个约会吗？
    2. may i invite you to visit our company next week?
    我可以邀请你下周来参观我们公司吗？
    3. our manager would like to meet you. 我们经理想和你们见见面。
    4. let's appoint another day to continue the talk, shall we? 我们约一天继续会谈好吗？
    5. may i have an appointment with you this evening? 我可以和您约今晚见面吗？
    补充短语
    make an appointment 约好见面，安排约会
    have an appointment with sb 与某人有个约会
    02 shall i make the reservation for you?
    请问要我为您预约吗？
    解析 ▲ make a reservation此处指“预约，预订”，另外该短语还可以用来指“订餐”，如：i have called the restaurant to make a reservation.（我已经给餐厅打过电话预约了。）
    学学这样说
    1. have you got an appointment with our manager? 你和我们经理有预约吗？
    2. when was the reservation made? 什么时候预约的？
    3. he has an important appointment tomorrow. 他明天有个重要的约会。
    4. let's fix a time for discussion. 咱们约个时间讨论吧。
    5. are reservations necessary? 需要事先预约吗？
    6. they telephoned some people and fixed a time for a face-to-face interview with them. 他们给一些人打了电话，约定好时间进行面对面采访。
    应用对话
    steven: shall i make the reservation for you?
    sam: ok.
    steven: what time is it?
    sam: 3 o'clock this afternoon.
    史蒂文：请问要我为您预约吗？
    萨姆：好的。
    史蒂文：什么时间？
    萨姆：下午3点。
    03 when will you come to visit our factory?
    你什么时候会来参观我们工厂？
    常用单词
    factory ['f?ktr?] n. 工厂，制造厂
    学学这样说
    1. when will you be free? 您什么时候有空？
    2. if that can't be arranged, what about the day after tomorrow?
    如果不能这样安排，后天怎么样？
    3. how about next friday at 12:30? 那下个星期五12点半如何？
    4. do you have plans tomorrow? 你明天有事吗？
    补充短语
    the day after tomorrow 后天
    04 could we push our appointment to eleven o'clock instead of ten o'clock?
    我们可以把会面时间从10点推迟到11点吗？
    解析 ▲ push to意为“推向”，此处指的是“把时间延后”，因此该句也可改为：could we put off/postpone our appointment to eleven o'clock instead of ten o'clock?
    学学这样说
    1. could you make it some other time? 可以约别的时间吗？
    2. next thursday would be all right for me. 下周四我方便。
    3. 16 is out and 17 is fine. 16号不行，17号行。
    4. that will be fine with me. 那个时间我有空。
    5. what time should we meet? 我们什么时候见面？
    补充短语
    some other time 改天，其他时间
    05 i'll inform you if there are any changes to our appointed time.
    如果我们约定的时间有任何变动，我会告知你的。
    解析 ▲ inform在此处指的是“通知，告知”，当inform后加介词on时，指的是“告发，检举”，如：i think somebody informed on them earlier.（我想某人早早地就检举了他们。）
    学学这样说
    1. please come anytime you like. 您随时可以过来。
    2. we will be expecting you then. 期待您届时光临。
    3. so see you then. 那我们到时候见。
    4. we look forward to meeting you then. 我们期待着到时候与您见面。
    补充短语
    look forward to doing sth 期待做某事
    06 i'm afraid i have to cancel my appointment.
    恐怕我不得不取消约会。
    常用单词
    cancel ['k?nsl] v. 取消，注销
    appointment [?'p??ntm?nt] n. 约会，任命
    学学这样说
    1. let's change the appointment to tomorrow. 让我们把约会改到明天吧。
    2. do you think i could postpone my appointment to sunday?
    你认为我可以把约会推迟到星期天吗？
    3. can we reschedule our appointment? 能重新安排我们的见面时间？
    4. the manager instructed his secretary to cancel all his appointments.
    经理要秘书取消他所有的预约。
    补充短语
    instruct sb to do 命令（指导）某人做某事
    07 you must be tired after the long flight.
    经过长途飞行，您一定很累了。
    解析 ▲ 该句表达的是比较有把握的推测，因此用must，意为“一定”。
    学学这样说
    1. i am here to meet you. 我是来这儿接您的。
    2. it's a great honor to meet you. 认识您真是我的荣幸。
    3. did you have a nice flight? 您的旅途愉快吗？
    4. you must be tired. 您一定很累了！
    5. we really wish you would have a pleasant time here.
    我们真诚地希望你们在这里过得愉快。
    6. our car is waiting just outside the door. 我们的车正在门外等候。
    7. i think we can have lunch at the airport. 我想我们可以在机场吃午饭。
    应用对话
    steven: you must be tired after the long flight. let me carry the luggage for you.
    simpson: thanks. where is our car?
    steven: our car is in the parking lot.
    史蒂文：经过长途飞行，您一定很累了，我帮您拿行李吧。
    辛普森：谢谢了。我们的车在哪里呢？
    史蒂文：我们的车就在停车场里。
    08 we will go to the airport to pick up a guest.
    我们将前往机场迎接客人。
    解析 ▲ pick up sb指“接机，接载”，此外该短语还有“捡起，学会”之意，如：i picked up some french on my paris trip last month.（我上个月在我的巴黎之旅中学会了些法语。）
    常用单词
    airport ['e?p?:t] n. 机场，航空站
    guest [gest] n. 客人，旅客
    学学这样说
    1. i will go to the airport at 4:00 p.m. to meet a guest from america.
    我今天下午4点要去机场迎接一位从美国来的客人。
    2. she is going to greet some representatives of a potential big customer.
    她将去迎接一个潜在大客户派出的代表们。
    3. we greeted foreign guests at the airport. 我们在机场迎接了外宾。
    4. i received my guests at the airport. 我在机场接到了客人。
    09 would you please sign in visitors' book?
    请在访客登记簿上签名好吗？
    解析 ▲ book此处指的是“簿册，本子”，而visitors' book指“协坊客登记簿”。
    学学这样说
    1. we are honored by your visit. 您的光临使我们不胜荣幸。
    2. may i have your name? 您叫什么名字？
    3. here's my name card. 这是我的名片。
    4. may i have your business card? 能给我一张您的名片吗？
    5. i will show you the way. 我来为您带路。
    补充短语
    name card 名片
    business card 名片，商务卡
    10 would you please have a seat and wait for a few moments?
    您请坐，稍等片刻好吗？
    语法tips
    在英语中，请对方坐下可以有多种表达，如have a seat，please sit down，take a chair等。
    学学这样说
    1. i receive you on behalf of our manager. 我代表我们经理前来迎接您。
    2. can i get you something to drink? 您要喝点什么？
    3. would you like me to show you around while you are waiting?
    你要我带您一边转转一边等待吗？
    4. there are some magazines on the table over there if you'd like to read them.
    那边桌子上有杂志，您可以翻阅。
    5. have a seat, and make yourself comfortable. 请随意找个位子坐下，别客气。
    6. we want to make your stay as pleasant and enjoyable as possible.
    我们希望您在这里过得愉快、舒适。
    补充短语
    on behalf of 代表……，为了……的利益
    make oneself comfortable 请别客气，使某人自己舒服
    11 you are one of our important clients and our manager will see you as soon as possible.
    您是我们的重要客户之一，我们经理会尽快来见您。
    解析 ▲ as soon as possible意为“尽早，尽快”，因此该句也可改为：you are one of our important clients and our manager will see you at the earliest possible time.
    学学这样说
    1. you are scheduled to meet our president at nine. 安排你九点去见我们总裁。
    2. i'll see if he could meet you right now. 我去看看他能不能马上见您。
    3. would you mind waiting for a while? 您介意等一会儿吗？
    4. she is expecting you. 她正在等您。
    5. i am sorry. he is busy now and an accident disturbed his schedule.
    对不起，他正在忙，一场意外打乱了他的计划。
    6. i suppose he'll be available at ten. 我想他十点钟就有空了。
    随机测验
    is there anyone in particular you'd like to ______? a. speak b. talk about c. talk d. talk to
    翻译
    你想和特定的某个人谈谈吗？
    答案：d
    提示：talk to/with sb为固定用法，指“与某人谈话”。
    12 it's urgent, so please tell your manager immediately that i am here.
    我有急事，请立即告诉你们经理我的来访。
    常用单词
    urgent ['?:d??nt] adj. 急迫的，催促的
    manager ['m?n?d??(r)] n. 经理，管理人
    学学这样说
    1. i've got an appointment to see mr. smith ahead of time.
    我已事先约好来见史密斯先生。
    2. i have important things to discuss with him. 我有要事和他商议。
    3. please tell him i have brought the agreement this time.
    请告诉他，我这次把协议带来了。
    4. is it possible for him to meet me now? 他现在可以见我吗？
    5. i have something to discuss with your manager. 我有事要和你们经理商量。
    6. you'd better tell her as soon as possible. 你最好尽快告诉她。
    7. we came here for company a and we hope that you can arrange a negotiation with your president.
    我们是代表a公司来的，我们希望你能安排一次和你们总裁的洽谈。
    补充短语
    ahead of time 提前
    discuss with sb 与某人讨论

 参观拜访

    参观拜访
    01 i hope you will find everything satisfactory.
    我希望您对一切都感觉满意。
    解析 ▲ 该句中find的宾语为everything，而satisfactory为everything的宾语补足语，其作用是对宾进行补充说明。
    常用单词
    hope [h??p] v. 希望，期望
    satisfactory ['s?t?s'f?kt?r?] adj. 令人满意的，符合要求的
    学学这样说
    1. glad to have you visit our company. 很高兴您来参观我们公司。
    2. your valuable advice is always welcome. 欢迎多提宝贵意见。
    3. you'll have a better understanding of our products after this visit.
    参观后您会对我们的产品有更深的了解。
    4. please give us your valuable suggestions while visiting. 参观时请给我们提出宝贵意见。
    02 your company has a very good reputation, and i have been planning to visit it for a long time.
    贵公司一直享有盛名，我想来参观已经很久了。
    常用单词
    reputation ['repju'te??n] n. 名气，名声
    学学这样说
    1. your company is a young organization with innovative spirit.
    贵公司是一家具有创新精神的年轻公司。
    2. your firm is outstanding in this field. 贵公司是这个领域的佼佼者。
    3. i've been looking forward to visiting your factory. 我一直都盼望着参观贵厂。
    4. your operations are global, so i feel we can gain much from the cooperation.
    你们公司的运作是全球化的，因此我觉得我们能从合作中收获许多。
    5. could i have something that tells about your company?
    可以给我一些介绍贵公司的资料吗？
    6. i hope my visit does not cause you too much trouble.
    我希望这次参观没给你们增添太多的麻烦。
    应用对话
    steven: thank you for your visit. is there anything in particular you'd like to know?
    simpson: your company has a very good reputation, and i have been planning to visit it for a long time. what's the advantage of your factory over other ones?
    steven: our production speed almost doubles the industry-wide average.
    史蒂文：感谢您来我们公司参观。你有什么特别想知道的吗？
    辛普森：贵公司享有盛名，我想来参观已经很久了。你们工厂相对于其他工厂的优势是什么呢？
    史蒂文：我们的生产速度几乎是业界平均水平的两倍。
    03 mr. black is familiar with that matter, so let's call him in.
    布莱克先生了解此事，我们叫他过来。
    语法tips
    familiar后既可跟介词with也可跟介词to，其区别在于：be familiar with的主语往往是人，指“某人对……熟悉”，而be familiar to的主语通常为物，指“某物对某人来说熟悉”。
    学学这样说
    1. is there anything in particular you'd like to know? 你有什么特别想知道的吗？
    2. our lines are mainly arts and crafts. 我们经营的商品主要是工艺品。
    3. now our products include crystal, jade, silver ornaments and so on.
    目前公司的产品包括水晶、玉石、银饰品等。
    4. our activity has already been extended to garments.
    我们的经营范围已扩大到服装领域。
    5. what are the main items that you deal in? 您经营的主要产品是什么？
    补充短语
    in particular 尤其，特别
    and so on 等等，诸如此类
    04 our company estimates the turnover will reach 18 billion pounds next year.
    我们公司预计下一年的营业额会达到180亿英镑。
    常用单词
    estimate ['est?m?t] v. 估计，评价
    turnover ['t?:n??v?(r)] n. 营业额
    学学这样说
    1. we have a market value of 18 billion and the turnover is over 2 billion.
    我们拥有180亿的市场价值，营业额超过20亿。
    2. in 2010 our group had a turnover of 8 billion, and 3,500 employees.
    2010年，我们的营业额达到80亿，拥有3,500个雇员。
    3. its largest block of turnover comes from emerging markets.
    它营业额最大的一块来自新兴市场。
    4. keeping our promise has been our tradition ever since the company was small. 信守承诺是在我们公司规模很小的时候就已经形成的传统。
    补充短语
    market value 市场价值，市价
    come from 来自，源自
    ever since 从那时到现在，自从
    05 the board of directors decided to expand the scale of our company.
    董事会决定扩大公司规模。
    解析 ▲ board of directors指“董事会”，而“董事长”可表达为chairman，president，chairman of the board。
    学学这样说
    1. we have a small but highly respectable company. 我们公司规模虽小，但信誉极佳。
    2. our company doubled its size within six years. 6年来我们公司的规模扩大了一倍。
    3. we own a medium-size company. 我们拥有一个中等规模的公司。
    4. our company merged with others last year and got much larger than before. 去年我们公司与别家合并了，变得比以前大多了。
    补充短语
    merge with 和……联合
    06 maybe we could start with the designing department.
    也许我们可以先参观一下设计部门。
    解析 ▲ start with指的是“以……开始”，该句也可改为：maybe we could visit the designing department first.
    常用单词
    maybe ['me?b?] adv. 也许，可能，大概
    design [d?'za?n] v. 设计，绘制
    学学这样说
    1. we could look at the production line. 我们可以看看生产线。
    2. almost every process is computerized. 几乎每一道工序都是由电脑控制的。
    3. this is the fully-automated factory we have. 这是我们的全自动化工厂。
    4. these drawings describe how each process goes on to the next.
    这些图表描述了每个程序的衔接情况。
    5. all products have to go through six checks during the whole process.
    所有产品在整个过程中得通过6道质检关。
    6. these drawings on the wall are process sheets. 墙上的这些图表是工艺流程表。
    07 how do your quality control systems operate?
    你们的质量控制系统如何运转呢？
    解析 ▲ quality control system指“质量控制系统”。operate在此处作不及物动词，意为“运转，运行”。
    学学这样说
    1. is this your production center? 这是你们的生产中心吗？
    2. do you have to wear helmets? 你们得戴上防护帽吗？
    3. is the production line fully automatic? 生产线是全自动的吗？
    4. how many engineers do you have? 你们有多少工程师？
    5. what kind of quality control system do you have?
    你们采用什么样的质量控制系统呢？
    补充短语
    production line 生产线，流水线
    08 i'm impressed by your approach to business.
    你们经营业务的方法给我留下了很深的印象。
    解析 ▲ be impressed by指“被……所打动，对……印象深刻”。approach在此处作名词，意为“方法，途径”，其后常跟介词to。
    学学这样说
    1. seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
    2. this is an impressive factory. 这是座令人印象深刻的工厂。
    3. your company made a good impression on me. 你们公司给我留下了很好的印象。
    4. your company proves to be one of the famous car companies in the world.
    贵公司不愧为世界著名的汽车公司之一。
    应用对话
    helen: what's your general impression of our company?
    tom: i'm impressed by your approach to business.
    海伦：你对我们公司总体印象如何？
    汤姆：你们经营业务的方法给我留下了很深的印象。
    09 i assume you are here not only for the negotiation but also for sightseeing.
    我想你不仅是来谈判的，也是来观光的吧。
    常用单词
    negotiation [n?'g????'e??n] n. 协商，谈判
    sightseeing ['sa?tsi:??] n. 观光，游览
    学学这样说
    1. would you like to go sightseeing tomorrow? 你明天想去观光游览吗？
    2. shall i help you with your sightseeing around the city? 我陪您到市区观光游览好吗？
    3. is there any place in particular you would like to go? 您有什么特别想去的地方吗？
    4. shall we walk there? 我们步行去那儿好吗？
    应用对话
    steven: are you interested in going sightseeing, mr. simpson? i assume you are here not only for the negotiation but also for sightseeing.
    mr. simpson: i heard that there were some beauty spots and places of historical interest in this city.
    史蒂文：辛普森先生，您有兴趣去观光吗？我想您不仅是来会谈的，也是来观光的吧。
    辛普森先生：我听说这个城市里有一些景点和名胜古迹。
    10 does the weather agree with you?
    你习惯这里的天气吗？
    解析 ▲ agree with在此处指“（气候、食物等）适合于”，该短语另一常见意思为“与某人（观点）一致”，如：he will never agree with you for that matter.（在那个问题上他从来不会和你一致。）
    学学这样说
    1. you're in the pink! 你的气色真好啊！
    2. did you sleep well last night? 昨晚你睡得好吗？
    3. manager has often told me about you. 经理经常向我谈到你。
    4. you are always energetic, aren't you? 你总是精力充沛，不是吗？
    5. at your service! 愿为您效劳！
    5. i wish you success in your business. 祝你生意兴隆。
    补充短语
    in the pink 身体好的，非常健康的
    11 the flowers are in full bloom now.
    现在鲜花盛放。
    解析 ▲ bloom作名词时，指“（供观赏的）花，开花期，最盛期”，in full bloom意为“正在开花，全盛，怒放”。
    学学这样说
    1. i'll take a picture of everybody. 我要给每个人都照张相。
    2. would you like me to take a picture for you? 要我给您拍张照片吗？
    3. now we are at the peak of the great wall. 现在我们到了长城的最高处。
    4. people from all parts of the world come to admire it. 世界各地的人都来欣赏它。
    5. on a clear day you can see for miles from the top of the tower.
    天气晴朗时，从塔顶上能看到很远的地方。
    随机测验
    is this your ______ visit to paris?
    a. first b. the first c. one d. the one
    翻译
    这是您第一次来巴黎吗？
    答案：a
    提示：序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，前面不加定冠词the。

 营销策略

    营销策略
    01 the first is what media we should use, and when we should advertise.
    首先看我们选用什么媒体以及何时做广告。
    常用单词
    media ['mi:d??] n. 媒体，媒介
    advertise ['?dv?ta?z] v. 登广告
    学学这样说
    1. what advertising media do you plan to use? 你们计划使用什么广告媒体？
    2. we decided to advertise our new product. 我们决定为新产品做广告。
    3. we must accelerate our advertising. 我们必须加快广告宣传的速度。
    4. television is much more effective in advertising if it doesn't matter for us to pay a little more money. 如果对我们来说多花点钱没关系的话，用电视广告更为有效。
    5. we can promote our new products on television.
    我们可以在电视上推销我们的新产品。
    补充短语
    plan to 计划
    on television 在电视上
    02 an efficient marketing channel is the key.
    高效的营销渠道是关键。
    常用单词
    efficient [?'f??nt] adj. 有效的，高效的
    channel ['t??nl] n. 渠道
    学学这样说
    1. you should make great efforts to attract customers.
    你们应该尽力吸引顾客的眼球。
    2. salesmen have to attend refresher courses frequently.
    销售人员必须经常参加进修课程。
    3. the unique design of the packing will help us promote drugs.
    独特的包装将有助于我们推销这些药品。
    4. you should meet customers' current demands. 你们应该满足顾客目前的需求。
    5. it is necessary to improve the packaging. 改进包装十分必要。
    6. the salesmen have to refresh themselves frequently since we keep producing new products. 我们不断生产新产品，因此销售人员必须经常提升自己。
    补充短语
    make great efforts to 尽力……
    03 our cb series are selling so well.
    我们的cb系列卖得非常好。
    语法tips
    句中的动词sell的意思是“卖”，用主动形式表示被动的含义。
    学学这样说
    1. your policy was effective in our market. 你的策略在我们的市场上有成效。
    2. our cb series are selling like hot cakes. 我们的cb系列卖得非常好。
    3. look at these fabulous sales figures. 看看这些可喜的销售数字。
    4. will the sales keep going up like this? 销售额会一直像这样往上涨吗？
    补充短语
    hot cake 抢手货

 产品展销

    产品展销
    01 our banners can only be displayed in or around our own booth, not in aisles.
    我们的旗帜只能放在我们的摊位里面或旁边，不能放在过道上。
    常用单词
    banner ['b?n?(r)] n. 横幅，旗帜
    booth [bu:e] n. 摊位，货棚
    学学这样说
    1. we will choose the best booth for the show in the meeting.
    我们会在开会时选出最合适的展位。
    2. we collected lots of materials about fairs online. 我们上网收集了很多关于展会的资料。
    3. we referred to some photos of previous exhibitions on the computer.
    我们在计算机里找到了一些过去参展的照片作参考。
    4. we've prepared five cartons of catalogues and fliers for the show.
    我们已经准备了5箱目录和传单供展场使用。
    5. i'll confirm our daily schedule during the fair this afternoon.
    我今天下午会确认展会那几天的行程。
    6. we need to check our booth and make sure all products are in good condition. 我们要检查一下摊位，确保所有产品的状况都良好。
    补充短语
    refer to 参考，涉及
    in good condition 情况良好，完好无缺
    02 if you press this red button, it will become an umbrella.
    如果你按下这个红色按钮，它就会变成一把雨伞。
    学学这样说
    1. they are high-tech items. 它们都是高科技产品。
    2. you can try it yourself. 你可以自己试试看。
    3. they are cheaper than usual. 它们比平常更便宜。
    4. this is sold by set, not by piece. 这是按套出售的，单件不卖。
    5. they are lighter, more durable and much stronger. 它们更轻、更耐用、更结实。
    应用对话
    steven: could you spare me a minute? why don't you have a seat and let me show you how to operate this item?
    customer: ok. go ahead.
    steven: you see, if you press this red button, it will become an umbrella.
    customer: how amazing! i have never seen it before.
    史蒂文：可以打扰您一分钟吗？您何不坐下，让我向您示范怎么操作这个产品。
    客户：好的，开始吧。
    史蒂文：您瞧，如果您按下这个红色按钮，它就会变成一把雨伞。
    客户：很神奇，我从未见过这东西。
    03 the main point of our show is to promote our latest products into the global market.
    我们展览的重点就是要把最新的产品推广到国际市场。
    解析 ▲ promote在此处指“促销，推广，推销”，该词的另一个常见的意思为“促进，增进，提倡”。
    学学这样说
    1. we've only had three orders all morning! 我们一上午只接到了3份订单。
    2. i think the exhibition is going very well. 我认为展会进展得很不错。
    3. buyers admired the exhibit on our stand. 买主称赞了我们货架上的展品。
    4. our company has done a lot of preparation for the exhibition.
    我们公司为这次展览会做了大量的准备工作。
    5. we are paying a lot for that exhibition. 我们为这个展会花费了很多钱！
    补充短语
    go well 进展顺利
    do preparation for 为……做准备

 商务宴请

    商务宴请
    01 can you spare time to have a dinner with us?
    你有时间和我们一起吃晚餐吗？
    解析 ▲spare time to do指“抽出时间来做某事”，与之类似的表达有get around to，如：i will get around to doing it after work.（工作之后我会抽时间去做它的。）
    学学这样说
    1. why not go out for dinner together? 为何不一起出去吃个饭呢？
    2. would you like to come to dinner tomorrow? 您明天会来吃晚餐吗？
    3. shall we get something to eat? 我们去吃点东西好吗？
    4. what kind of restaurant do you want to go? 你想要去什么样的餐馆？
    5. would you like to have dinner with me?
    你愿意和我一起去吃晚餐吗？
    6. if you are free, how about a lunch? 有空的话一起吃个午饭如何？
    应用对话
    steven: mr. simpson, can you spare time to have a dinner with us?
    mr. simpson: when do you have in mind?
    steven: how about thursday?
    mr. simpson: that will be fine with me.
    史蒂文：辛普森先生，你有时间和我们一起吃晚餐吗？
    辛普森先生：你想在什么时候呢？
    史蒂文：星期四怎么样？
    辛普森先生：这个时间可以。
    02 i would like to show my gratitude by inviting you to dinner.
    我想邀请你吃饭以示感激。
    常用单词
    gratitude ['gr?t?tju:d] n. 感激，感谢
    学学这样说
    1. i know a place you'll like and you have got to be there.
    我知道一处你会喜欢的地方，你一定要来啊。
    2. i expect you to come with us to have a dinner this afternoon.
    我希望你今天下午能来和我们吃个饭。
    3. we want to invite you to a banquet. 我们想邀请你参加一个宴会。
    4. a dinner is to be given in your honor tomorrow. 明天我们将为你们举行一个晚宴。
    5. i will treat you to lunch in the hotel nearby. 我要请你们在附近的酒店吃个午饭。
    补充短语
    in one's honor 向……表示敬意，为纪念……
    03 please help yourselves to some more fish.
    请多吃点鱼。
    解析 ▲ help oneself to指“自用，请随便吃点”，其中to为介词，因此如果之后要加动词的话，要用v-ing形式。
    学学这样说
    1. how is the meal? 这顿饭怎么样？
    2. would you like to taste it? 你们想尝尝这个吗？
    3. would you like a glass of sherry? 你要喝杯雪利酒吗？
    4. please try out the red wine. 请试试喝些红葡萄酒。
    5. to your health and success in business, cheers! 为你身体健康、生意兴隆干杯！
    6. bottoms up! 干杯！
    7. here's to you! 敬您一杯！
    补充短语
    try out 试用，试验
    04 the chicken not only smells good, but also tastes delicious.
    这鸡肉不但闻起来很香而且也很好吃。
    常用单词
    delicious [d?'l???s] adj. 美味的，可口的
    语法tips
    英语中，在感官动词look/smell/sound/taste/feel等系动词之后，应该跟形容词而非副词，这类词虽有被动意味，但用主动语态。
    学学这样说
    1. the dish of boiled beef and carrot tastes good. 那道胡萝卜炖牛肉味道不错。
    2. the curried chicken is very delicious. 咖喱鸡很不错。
    3. the cake is crispy. 这点心吃起来酥脆。
    4. the apple pie and custard are delicious. 苹果饼和蛋奶冻的味道好极了。
    5. how delicious, tender and crispy! 味道真不错，又嫩又脆。
    6. i don't like the soup, but all in all, the dinner is pretty tasty.
    我不喜欢那个汤，但是大体而言，晚餐挺好吃的。
    05 what a wonderful meal!
    多丰盛的一顿饭呀！
    语法tips
    英语中的感叹句有两种基本结构：1）由what引导，即what+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语，或what+adj.+可数名词复数╱不可数名词+主语+谓语；2）由how引导，即how+adj./adv.+主语+谓语。
    学学这样说
    1. it is the best meal i've had in a long time. 这是我很久以来吃的最美味的一顿饭了。
    2. to tell you the truth, it is really delicious. 说实话，这顿饭很可口。
    3. it's just my cup of tea. 正合我口味。
    4. no wonder the dishes are delicious. 难怪这些菜很可口。
    5. this food is out of this world. 这真是人间美味。
    补充短语
    out of this world 好得不得了，不切实际
    06 with great pleasure i ask you all for a toast to the long-term cooperation between us.
    我荣幸地请诸位为我们的长期合作干杯。
    常用单词
    toast [t??st] n. 干杯，烤面包
    cooperation [k??'?p?'re??n] n. 合作，协作
    学学这样说
    1. make yourself at home. 请不要拘束。
    2. slow down, or you will get indigestion. 慢慢吃，否则你会消化不良的。
    3. may i help you to another glass of wine? 让我再给你斟杯酒好吗？
    4. this is our traditional seat for the guest of honor. 这是我们传统的贵宾座位。
    5. this is to show our appreciation for your friendly cooperation.
    这是我们的一点心意，以感谢你的友好合作。
    6. we are grateful to you for all that you have done to make the deal work.
    我们感激您为这笔交易所做的一切。
    补充短语
    the guest of honor 主宾，贵宾
    07 it's very nice of you to invite me to dinner.
    感谢您邀请我吃晚餐。
    语法tips
    it's adj of sb to do sth与it's adj for sb to do sth的区别：前一个结构说明的是某人的性格、性情，而后一个结构指的是某人做某事怎么样。
    学学这样说
    1. i appreciate your invitation. 感谢你的邀请。
    2. would you pass me the mustard, please? 麻烦你把芥末递给我，好吗？
    3. could i have some napkins? 能给我几张餐巾纸吗？
    4. i'd like the non-smoking section. 我想坐在禁烟区。
    5. i really appreciate your hospitality! 感谢盛情款待！
    6. thank you so much for your generous hospitality. 非常感谢您慷慨的款待。
    补充短语
    non-smoking section 禁烟区

 日常学习

    日常学习
    01 do you have a spare ballpoint pen i can borrow?
    你有多余的一支圆珠笔借给我吗？
    解析 ▲ spare作形容词，在句中意为“多余的，备用的”，用于名词之前，作前置定语；也可以表示“时间空闲的，未占用的”，如spare time；或是表示“（人）瘦的”，如spare man/figure；还可以表示“少量的”，用于正式文体，作定语，如on a spare diet（节食）。
    学学这样说
    1. excuse me, can i borrow your knife, please? 打扰了，能把你的小刀借我用一下吗？
    2. could you help me with my math? 你能帮我学习数学吗？
    3. what did you do during summer vacation? 这个暑假你做什么了？
    4. let's go home together, ok? 咱们一起回家，好吗？
    5. i'd like to introduce myself. 我想要介绍一下我自己。
    6. how are your lessons going? 你学习怎么样？
    7. who's on duty today? 今天谁值日？
    8. let's clean the classroom. 我们去打扫教室吧。
    9. do you know how many boarders there are in our school?
    你知道我们学校有多少寄宿生吗？
    补充短语
    summer vacation 暑假
    go home 回家
    be on duty 值日
    02 in my opinion, english is easier than math.
    我觉得英语比数学简单。
    语法tips
    in one's opinion为固定词组，意为“在某人看来，按照某人的看法”，相当于in one's mind。be easier than...是形容词比较级结构，表示二者间的对比。以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，其比较级和最高级形式是将y变为i，再加er或est。
    学学这样说
    1. it's your turn to clean the blackboard. 该你擦黑板了。
    2. i hate maths, but my mother wants me to be good at it.
    我讨厌数学，但是妈妈希望我能学好它。
    3. let's go to the library and borrow some american literature books.
    我们去图书馆借一些美国文学类的书吧。
    4. professor zhang is going to teach advanced mathematics.
    张教授要教高等数学。
    5. could you tell me the meaning of this sentence? 你能告诉我这个句子的意思吗？
    6. what's the next lesson? 下节课是什么？
    7. the teacher is coming. 老师来了。
    8. i hear we will have a new teacher. 我听说新来了一位老师。
    应用对话
    bill: i prefer english. in my opinion, english is easier than history.
    steven: i prefer english, too.
    比尔：我比较喜欢学英语。我觉得英语比历史简单。
    史蒂文：我也更喜欢英语。
    03 i am fed up with the physics teacher.
    我受够了物理老师。
    常用单词
    physics ['f?z?ks] n. 物理
    teacher ['ti:t??(r)] n. 老师
    随机测验
    a: what are you mumbling?
    b: i am fed up _____ the physics teacher.
    a. along b. with c. well d. within
    翻译
    a：你在咕哝什么？
    b：我受够了物理老师。
    答案：b
    提示：be fed up with/about...为固定词组，意为“厌烦╱厌倦……”；be/look fed up也可以表示“沮丧，不愉快，厌烦”。
    04 how do you like our english teacher?
    你觉得我们的英文老师怎么样？
    解析 ▲ how do you like...为固定表达，意为“你认为……怎么样”，相当于what do you think of...，而what do you think+陈述句语序，表示“你认为……”。
    学学这样说
    1. to tell the truth, my favorite subject is biology. 说实话，我最喜欢的科目是生物。
    2. do you know what this professor is like? 你知道这个教授怎么样吗？
    3. i will continue with my learning though i am tired of learning english.
    尽管我很厌烦学英语，我还是要学它。
    4. i have told the boys to quit their monkey business, or i would call a teacher.
    我已经告诉那些男孩子不要再胡闹，不然我就叫老师。
    5. he is the kindest teacher that i have ever had.
    他是我遇到过的最仁慈的教师。
    6. since the examination is around the corner, we have to give up sports.
    因为考试迫在眉睫，我们不得不放弃做运动。
    补充短语
    to tell the truth 说实话
    monkey business 胡闹，恶作剧，骗人的把戏
    05 i've got to cram for a test tomorrow.
    为了明天的考试，我得临时抱佛脚！
    常用单词
    cram [kr?m] v. 死记硬背，填满，塞满
    test [test] n. 测验
    语法tips
    cram本意是“塞”，通常用作cram...into/in...，表示“将……塞进……中，尽力塞入”，或是be crammed with...，意为“被……塞满”。cram for...为固定词组，意为“突击式学习（尤指为应考）”。
    应用对话
    tom: you seem to be a little worried.
    steven: i've got to cram for a test tomorrow.
    汤姆：你似乎有些担心。
    史蒂文：我得为明天的考试突击一下！
    06 i don't feel well today. can i have a day off, please?
    我今天觉得不舒服，可以请假吗？
    语法tips
    not feel well意为“不舒服，不适”，类似的表达还有feel sick/strange，be/feel not quite myself，而feel good意为“感到愉快，有信心”。have a day off意为“请一天假”，相当于ask for a day's leave。
    学学这样说
    1. please be back on time. 请准时回来。
    2. i am your new english teacher this term.
    我是你们这学期新的英语老师。
    3. sorry, i'm late. 对不起，我迟到了。
    4. may i come in? 我可以进来吗？
    5. don't be late again. 下次别再迟到了。
    6. as a student, you should obey school rules. 作为一名学生，你应该遵守学校纪律。
    7. if you can't come to school, ask your parents to inform the teacher in advance. 如果你不能来学校，让你的父母提前告诉老师。
    补充短语
    come in 进来
    be late for... 因为……迟到
    in advance 提早，提前
    07 i can't help praising you because you have done a good job in the english contest.
    你在英语比赛中表现很好，我忍不住要表扬你了。
    解析 ▲ can't help doing为固定词组，意为“情不自禁做某事”；do a good job意为“做得好”，表示对某次行动或事件的评价，相同的表达还有it's a good job (that)...；而english contest是指“英语竞赛”。
    学学这样说
    1. is everyone here? 都到齐了吗？
    2. who's absent today? 今天谁没来？
    3. what day is it today? 今天是星期几？
    4. what's the date today? 今天是几号？
    5. here are your exercise books. please hand them out.
    这是你们的练习本，请分发下去。
    6. i must say that you have made great progress this semester.
    我不得不说这学期你进步很大。
    7. hand in your homework tomorrow. 家庭作业明天交。
    补充短语
    hand...out (to sb) 分发∕分配……（给某人）
    make (great) progress 取得（巨大的）进步
    hand in 上交
    08 would you please get a pen for me?
    能帮我拿一支笔来吗？
    语法tips
    get sth for sb为固定词组，意为“为某人取……”，相当于get sb sth。get这类可接双宾语的动词，指人的宾语为间接宾语，指物的宾语为直接宾语，直接宾语可放在间接宾语后，而间接宾语若要位于直接宾语之后，需得借助介词隔开，如buy sb sth=buy sth for sb。
    学学这样说
    1. bob, have you collected all the exercise books? 鲍勃，作业本都收齐了吗？
    2. you are always studious in our class. 你在我们班里一直是一个用功的学生。
    3. come to my office after school. 放学后来我办公室。
    4. ask your parents to school this thursday. 这周四请你的父母到学校来一趟。
    5. here's your homework for today. 这是今天的家庭作业。
    6. sorry, i haven't finished my homework yet. 对不起，我还没有完成家庭作业。
    应用对话
    mr. lee: would you please get a pen for me?
    steven: certainly.
    李老师：能帮我拿支笔来吗？
    史蒂文：当然。
    09 without a lot of practice you can't speak english very fluently.
    不多练习的话，你的英语就讲不流利。
    常用单词
    practice ['pr?kt?s] n. 练习，实践
    fluently ['flu:?ntl?] adv. 流利地
    随机测验
    a: _____ a lot of practice you can't do it very well.
    b: i under stand.
    a. without b. with c. since d. as
    翻译
    a：不多练习的话，你做不好。
    b：我明白。
    答案：a
    提示：without作介词，意为“在没有……的情况下，无……相伴”，在句中是作伴随状语，相当于in the absence of或是if you don't...；with也可以作伴随状语，表示相反意义“有/随着……”。
    10 put up your hand if you have any questions.
    如果有问题请举手。
    解析 ▲ put up one's hand为固定词组，意为“举手”，相当于raise one's hand或hands up；而hands down则是表示“放下手”。该句是祈使句形式，省略了主语you，后接if引导的条件状语从句。
    学学这样说
    1. class begins. 上课。
    2. let's get ready for class. 让我们准备上课吧。
    3. no more talking, please. 请不要再说话了。
    4. attention, please. 请注意。
    5. open your book please. 请翻开书。
    6. please turn to page 10. 请翻到第10页。
    7. please take out your notebooks/exercise books. 请拿出你的笔记本/练习本。
    8. that's all for the new lesson. 新课就上到这里。
    9. let's play a game. 我们来玩个游戏。
    补充短语
    take out... 取出……
    play a game/games 玩游戏
    11 look up the word in the dictionary.
    在字典里查一下这个词。
    常用单词
    word [w?:d] n. 单词
    dictionary ['d?k??nr?] n. 字典
    解析 ▲ look sth up为固定词组，意为“（在词典或参考书中）查阅（词或资料）”，相当于refer to the dictionary；look up则是表示“仰视；（前景）转好，改善”；look sb up则是表示“看望或接触某人（尤指久别后）”。
    应用对话
    steven: look up the word in the dictionary.
    bill: why don't you do that by yourself?
    史蒂文：在字典里查一下这个词。
    比尔：你为什么不自己去查？
    12 please give him/her a big hand.
    请为他热烈鼓掌。
    语法tips
    give sb a big hand为固定词组，意为“为某人热烈鼓掌╱大声喝彩”，sb如果是人称代词，需用宾格形式。也可以用作get a big hand，applaud sb (for doing)。
    学学这样说
    1. raise your hand, please. 请举手。
    2. hands down. 放下手。
    3. listen to me. 听我说。
    4. look at the blackboard/screen, please. 请看黑板╱屏幕。
    5. you did a very good job. 你做得不错。
    6. well done. 做得不错。
    7. good try. 做得不错。
    8. very good. 非常不错。
    9. i will give you a hint/clue. 我给你点提示。
    补充短语
    look at... 看……
    well done 做得好
    give a hint/clue 给予提示
    13 don't be shy of speaking english in class.
    在课堂上讲英语不要害羞。
    解析 ▲ be shy of (doing)为固定词组，意为“对（某人或某行为）害羞的或有顾忌的”，shy的比较级和最高级形式为shyer，shyest。
    学学这样说
    1. excuse me, i'm confused about this question. 打扰一下，我不太明白这个问题。
    2. excuse me, i don't understand this question. 打扰一下，我不太明白这个问题。
    3. excuse me, may i ask you a question? 打扰一下，我可以问你一个问题吗？
    4. i want to answer this question. 我想回答这个问题。
    5. any volunteer? 谁自愿回答？
    6. any one can help him/her? 有谁能帮他/她吗？
    7. you can do it this way. 你可以这样做。
    8. now, read one by one. 现在，你们依次朗读。
    9. be brave/active, please. 请勇敢/积极一点。
    10. let's read it together. ready? go. 我们大家一起来读。准备好了吗？开始。
    补充短语
    be confused about... 对……感到困惑
    answer a question 回答问题
    14 thank you for keeping me concentrating on my lessons.
    谢谢你让我能专心上课。
    语法tips
    thank you for (doing)为固定词组，意为“谢谢你……”；keep sb doing意为“使某人一直╱持续做某事”；concentrate (...) on (doing)意为“专心于，致力于”。
    学学这样说
    1. now i got it. 现在我明白了。
    2. i didn't get it. 我没明白你的意思。
    3. pardon, please? 你可以再讲一遍吗？
    4. i am sorry, but i can't get the answer. 对不起，我不知道答案。
    5. excuse me, i can't hear you. 打扰了，我听不到你说话。
    6. thank you for your understanding and trust, teacher. 老师，谢谢您的理解和信任。
    7. you're a terrific teacher. 你是个很棒的老师。
    8. are you clear? 你明白了吗？
    9. let's have a dictation/revision. 我们来进行一次听写╱复习一下。
    10. read after me. 跟我读。
    应用对话
    steven: thank you for keeping me concentrating on my lessons.
    bill: my pleasure.
    史蒂文：谢谢你让我能专心上课。
    比尔：不必客气。
    15 could you tell me the answer to this question?
    你能告诉我这个问题的答案吗？
    常用单词
    answer ['ɑ:ns?(r)] n. 答案；v. 回答
    question ['kwest??n] n. 问题，疑问
    16 how often do you have maths lessons?
    你多久上一次数学课？
    解析 ▲ how often...意为“多久一次……”，对频率进行提问；how old...意为“……多大”，对年龄进行提问；how soon...意为“多久之后……，多快……”，对未来的时间进行提问；how is/are...是对健康状况、进展情况等进行提问。
    学学这样说
    1. i have two english lessons in a week but i try to practice english every day. 我一周上两次英语课，但是我争取每天都练习。
    2. i have english classes from monday to friday. 从周一到周五我都有英语课。
    3. there are ten english classes in the timetable. 课表上列有十节英语课。
    4. we have english lessons every other day. 我们每隔一天有英语课。
    5. how many english courses do you have one week? 你们一星期上几节英语课？
    补充短语
    from...to... 从……至……
    in the timetable 在课表上，在时刻表中
    every other day 每隔一天
    17 she gives us english lessons twice a week free of charge.
    她免费为我们每周上两次英语课。
    常用单词
    lesson ['lesn] n. 课程
    charge [t?ɑ:d?] n. 费用
    语法tips
    give sb sth为双宾语结构，相当于give sth to sb；twice a week意为“每周两次”，free of charge为固定词组，意为“免费”，相当于for free，without charge等。
    应用对话
    steven: do you know the young lady over there?
    dave: yes. she gives us english lessons twice a week free of charge.
    史蒂文：你认识那边的那位年轻女士吗？
    戴夫：认识。她免费为我们每周上两次英语课。
    18 do you have opportunities to speak to native speakers of english?
    你有机会和母语是英语的人交谈吗？
    语法tips
    have opportunities/chances to do为固定词组，意为“有机会做某事”；speak/talk to sb 意为“和某人交谈”；a native speaker of...意为“以……为母语的人”。
    学学这样说
    1. how do you practice your english? 你是怎么练习英语的？
    2. we learn english by studying in a group. 我们分组学习英语。
    3. why don't you join an english club to practice spoken english?
    你为何不加入英语俱乐部来练习口语？
    4. linda goes to english corner twice a week.
    琳达每星期参加两次英语角。
    5. i usually practice oral english with my classmates.
    我经常和我的同学们一起练习英语口语。
    6. speaking a foreign language takes lots of practice.
    学说一门外语需要大量的练习。
    7. when you are learning a foreign language, you should not always translate everything into your mother tongue.
    当你在学习外语时，不要总是把什么都翻译成自己的母语。
    补充短语
    oral english 英语口语
    translate...into... 把……翻译为……
    mother tongue 母语
    19 listening plays an important role in foreign language learning.
    听在学习外语时扮演了一个非常重要的角色。
    解析 ▲ play an important part/role in (doing)为固定词组，意为“在……中扮演重要角色/起重要作用”，相当于act as an important part/role in (doing)。
    学学这样说
    1. learning foreign languages should be fun. 学习外语应该是有趣的。
    2. "language environment" is necessary for foreign language learning.
    语言环境是学习外语所必需的。
    3. you should do more writing and speaking. 你应该多写多说。
    4. do you have experience in learning foreign languages? 你在学习外语方面有经验吗？
    5. can you imagine learning foreign languages on the internet?
    你能想象通过网络学习外语吗？
    6. it doesn't matter if you don't understand every word.
    如果你不是每一个单词都能听懂，那也没关系。
    7. do you take notes in your english class? 你上英语课时做笔记吗？
    补充短语
    be necessary for/to... 对……是必要的
    experience in/of (doing)... （做）……的经验
    take notes (of...) 记录，做笔记
    20 in my opinion, a good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language.
    我认为一本好词典是学习外语必备的。
    语法tips
    in my opinion置于句首作插入语，用逗号与主句隔开。be indispensable for (doing)为固定词组，意为“……是必需的╱不可缺少的”，也可以用作be indispensable to...。
    学学这样说
    1. listening to the radio is a good way to study a foreign language.
    收听广播是学习外语的一种好方法。
    2. you could get a lot of profit if you spend some extra time learning a foreign language. 你如果额外花些时间学习外语，可能会受益匪浅。
    3. computer-aided instruction can help students to learn foreign languages.
    电脑辅助教学可以帮助学生学习外语。
    4. cultural background plays an important role in learning foreign languages.
    在学习外语的过程中文化背景起着很重要的作用。
    5. did you just go to english courses to swallow the dictionary?
    你去上英语课仅仅是为了会背词典里的单词吗？
    6. do you think it is very difficult to learn a foreign language? 你觉得学一门外语很难吗？
    应用对话
    steven: in my opinion, a good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language.
    dave: you can say that again.
    史蒂文：我认为一本好词典是学习外语必备的。
    戴夫：你说得对。
    21 the way of learning a foreign language is the same as that of learning swimming—practice must be first.
    学习外语的方法和学习游泳的方法一样，必须把实践放到第一位。
    常用单词
    language ['l??gw?d?] n. 语言
    same [se?m] adj. 相同的，同一的
    22 susan soaks up foreign languages like a sponge.
    苏珊如饥似渴地学习外语。
    解析 ▲ soak...up为固定词组，本意为“吸入（液体）”，也可以用作比喻意义，表示“接受并吸收……”。soak...up like a sponge也可以视为固定表达。
    学学这样说
    1. i don't want to improve my english. 我不想提高自己的英语。
    2. i am very interested in english and i want to speak english fluently.
    我对英语很感兴趣，我想要说流利的英语。
    3. i enjoy learning english and i got an a this term. 我喜欢学习英语，这学期还得了“a”。
    4. the lessons are boring. 课程很无聊。
    5. you should be active in english classes. 你应该在英语课上表现得积极一点。
    6. her chief joy is studying foreign languages. 她的主要乐趣是学习外语。
    补充短语
    enjoy doing 喜欢做
    be active in... 积极……
    23 linda took great pains with her english lessons and got high marks.
    琳达在英语课方面下了很大的工夫，因而考了高分。
    常用单词
    pain [pe?n] n. 疼痛，痛苦
    mark [mɑ:k] n. 分数，标记
    语法tips
    take (great) pains (with.../over.../to do) 为固定词组，意为“不辞辛苦地做某事”，take的过去式和过去分词形式为took，taken；be at pains to do意为“费尽苦心╱努力做”；spare no pains/to do 则是表示“不遗余力地做”，用于正式文体。
    应用对话
    steven: mary took great pains with the history lessons and got high marks.
    dave: we should learn from her.
    史蒂文：玛丽在历史课方面下了很大的工夫，因而考了高分。
    戴夫：我们要向她学习。
    24 when do you plan to start studying german?
    你打算什么时候开始学德语？
    语法tips
    plan to do为固定词组，意为“打算╱计划做某事”；start doing=start to do，意为“开始做”，相当于start (...) from scratch，意为“从头开始”。
    学学这样说
    1. i am studying french. 我正在学习法语。
    2. studying foreign languages is a progressive, gradual process.
    学习外语是一个循序渐进的过程。
    3. i hardly ever speak to a foreigner. 我几乎从来没有机会和外国人交谈。
    4. i don't speak english well. 我英语讲得不好。
    5. elder children may have difficulty in learning a foreign language.
    大一点的孩子可能在学习外语方面有困难。
    6. you have to face the fact that learning foreign languages takes a long time.
    你得面对事实——学习外语需要花很长的时间。
    7. i was afraid to speak in class, and i also couldn't make complete sentences. 我害怕在课堂上发言，也不能造出完整的句子。
    补充短语
    be afraid to do/of doing 害怕做某事
    25 neither fluency nor accuracy is easy to come by in learning a foreign language.
    学习外语要达到流利或精通的程度都是不容易的。
    解析 ▲ neither...nor...为固定词组，意为“既不……也不……”，作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式根据就近原则决定；come by...意为“弄到，偶然获得……”。
    学学这样说
    1. the trend of learning foreign languages is spreading worldwide.
    学习外语的趋势正扩展到整个世界。
    2. when i began to study english three years ago, i couldn't understand the teacher when she talked in english.
    我是三年前开始学习英语的，当时老师说英语我根本听不懂。
    3. my english will hold me back. 英语会拖我后腿。
    4. you must attend english class or you'll fall behind others.
    你一定得上英语课，不然就要落后了。
    5. lily mastered several foreign languages through hard work.
    通过刻苦学习，莉莉掌握了好几门外语。
    补充短语
    begin to do/doing 开始做某事
    hold sb back 阻止╱妨碍某人的进步╱发展
    26 i can't catch up with our new teacher very well.
    我跟不上新老师上课的节奏。
    语法tips
    catch up with sb为固定词组，意为“赶上（有时超过）某人，达到与某人相同的境界”，相当于catch sb up，keep up with；而catch up on...则是表示“用额外时间做某事（以弥补所耽误的时间），事后了解……的情况”。
    学学这样说
    1. i want to improve my english by taking some training courses.
    我想通过参加培训班来提高我的英语水平。
    2. i can't follow our english teacher very well, so i want to take a training course. 我跟不上英语老师的上课节奏，因此我想上个培训班。
    3. i advise you to take an additional course.
    我建议你学一门额外的课程。
    应用对话
    steven: mike, i can't catch up with our new teacher very well.
    mike: i advise you to take an additional course.
    史蒂文：迈克，我跟不上新老师上课的节奏。
    迈克：我建议你去学一些额外的课程。
    27 finding my english poor, i took part in one training class to improve it.
    发现自己英语水平很差后，我就参加了一个培训班来提高英语水平。
    常用单词
    poor [p??(r)] adj. 差的，贫穷的，糟糕的
    improve [?m'pru:v] v. 提高，改进
    随机测验
    a: i wonder why you have made great progress in your english.
    b: finding my english poor, i took part _____ one training class to improve it.
    a. at b. on c. with d. in
    翻译
    a：我想知道，你的英语水平为什么会取得这么大的进步。
    b：发现自己英语水平很差后，我就参加了一个提高英语水平的培训班。
    答案：d
    提示：take part in...为固定词组，意为“参加”，part可以用形容词active修饰。类似表达还有join in、participate in。
    28 our maths teacher will spend her holidays on the teacher training class.
    我们数学老师要利用假期参加师资培训班。
    解析 ▲ maths通常用于英式英语中，美式英语中则是使用math，两者均为mathematics的简写形式，意为“数学”；holiday通常用于英式英语中，美式英语中则常用vacation，两者都表示“假期”。spend (time/money) on.../(in) doing为固定词组，意为“花费……”。
    学学这样说
    1. are you looking for a weight training class? 你在寻找力量训练课程吗？
    2. the university also offers a japanese language class. 这所大学还提供日语班。
    3. new students will attend one special class session. 新同学将会上一堂特别的课。
    4. will you recommend to me the class that suits me? 你们会推荐适合我的课程吗？
    5. before you start your training, they will test your english first.
    在你进行培训之前，他们会先对你的英语进行测试。
    补充短语
    recommend...to sb 向某人推荐……
    send sb to... 送╱派遣某人去……
    enable sb to do 使某人能做某事
    29 is it different from our school's english course?
    那和我们学校的英语课程有区别吗？
    常用单词
    different ['d?fr?nt] adj. 不同的
    school [sku:l] n. 学校
    语法tips
    be different from...为固定词组，意为“和……不同”，相当于be distinguished from，show/tell the difference between...and...；'s所有格形式通常用于有生命的东西，有时也可以与of所有格互换使用。
    应用对话
    steven: is it different from our school's english course?
    mike: i have no conception of that.
    史蒂文：那和我们学校的英语课程有区别吗？
    迈克：我不知道。
    30 the class was opened up for the public.
    这个课程向普通大众开放。
    语法tips
    open...up为固定词组，在句中意为“（使……）开业╱开张”，也可以表示“打开，切开，割开”，或是表示“开辟，开发，开拓”；而open up则是表示“畅谈”，常用于口语中。
    学学这样说
    1. can you tell me how to improve my english?
    你能告诉我怎样提高我的英语吗？
    2. this kind of training school can help people improve their english.
    这种培训学校能帮助大家提高英语水平。
    3. we will offer an individual tutorship and specific exercise according to the different condition of each student.
    我们按每个学生的不同情况进行个别辅导，并提供有针对性的练习。
    4. on weekends, i often practice my english.
    周末的时候，我经常练习英语。
    5. you join this training group for your confidence in me.
    你们因为相信我而参加这个培训班。
    6. thank you for giving me this chance to attend this training course.
    感谢你给我这个机会参加这个培训班。
    补充短语
    according to... 根据……，按照……
    on weekends=at the weekends 在周末
    confidence in... 信任……
    31 where can i register for this training class?
    我去哪里报名参加这个培训班呢？
    解析 ▲ register表示“登记（姓名╱事项╱销售额等），注册，记录”时，可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，通常用作register at/for/with...，register...(in...)，be registered as...；也可以表示“挂号邮寄（信等），（由铁路或海路）挂号托运（行李）”。
    学学这样说
    1 he participated in speech training class in his junior year.
    他在大学三年级时曾参加过演讲训练班。
    2. many children learn swimming by taking the crash course in their summer vacation. 暑假里许多孩子通过参加游泳速成培训班来学习游泳。
    3. large companies have to hold sales training programs from time to time.
    大的公司得经常举办各种销售培训班。
    4. are you taking a language course? 你在上语言培训班吗？
    5. each type of training class will be opened once every month.
    每种类型的培训班每月各一期。
    6. i am at a training class of accounting. 我在上一个会计培训班。
    补充短语
    from time to time 时常
    32 the second phase of the training class will start on august 3rd and end on august 10th.
    第二期培训班将于8月3日开班，于8月10日结束。
    语法tips
    phase作名词，表示“阶段，时期；（月亮的）盈亏”，通常与介词of连用；也可以作及物动词，表示“使分阶段进行某事”，通常用于被动语态。phase in表示“逐步╱按阶段引进……”，phase out则是意为“逐步╱按阶段撤出╱终止……”。
    学学这样说
    1. the piano training class is on sunday. 钢琴培训班是周日上课。
    2. thank you for your help in the training class. 谢谢您在我上培训班时给我的帮助。
    3. my maths training courses are scheduled on friday afternoon.
    我的数学培训课程被安排到周五下午了。
    4. starting from the first grade, my daughter entered the latin dance training class. 从一年级开始，我女儿就参加了拉丁舞培训班。
    5. i am studying finance in a training school now. 目前我正在一个培训学校学习金融学。
    应用对话
    steven: do you know anything about the training class?
    robin: the second phase of the training class will start on august 3rd and end on august 10th.
    史蒂文：对于这个培训班，你知道什么消息吗？
    罗宾：第二期培训班将于8月3日开班，于8月10日结束。
    33 according to the training schedule, i must attend my violin courses on sundays.
    根据培训课程安排，我每周日都要去上小提琴课。
    常用单词
    schedule ['?edju:l] n. 时间表，计划表
    violin ['va??'l?n] n. 小提琴
    随机测验
    a: are you available this sunday?
    b: according to the training schedule, i must _____ my violin courses on sundays.
    a. join in b. attend c. attended d. have attended
    翻译
    a：这周日你有空闲时间吗？
    b：根据培训课程安排，我每周日都要去上小提琴课。
    答案：b
    提示：attend the course/class为固定词组，意为“上课”；情态动词must后接动词原形；on sundays意为“每逢周日”。

 课外活动

    课外活动
    01 our school's extra-curricular activities are very wonderful.
    我们学校的课外活动很丰富。
    解析 ▲ extra-curricular也可以用作extracurricular，是由词缀extra-和形容词curricular构成的派生词，extra-意为“在……之外，超出”，curricular意为“课程的”，extracurricular意为“课外的”，通常用作名词的前置定语，如extra-curricular activities（课外活动）。
    学学这样说
    1. what's your favorite sport? 你最喜欢什么运动？
    2. the time for extracurricular activities is between 17:00 and 18:00 in the afternoon. 课外活动时间是下午五点到六点之间。
    3. some students like to take an active part in extra-curricular activities.
    一些学生喜欢积极地参与课外活动。
    4. steven has many extra-curricular activities and he is on the football team.
    史蒂文参加了很多课外活动，而且他加入了足球队。
    5. lily has been involved in many extra-curricular activities, such as music, sport and drama. 莉莉参加了许多课外活动，如音乐、运动、戏剧。
    6. what kind of activities are you involved in? 你参加了什么课外活动？
    补充短语
    take an active part in... 积极参加……
    be involved in... 参与……，涉及……
    such as 例如
    02 we should diversify our after-school activities to attract more students.
    我们应该让课外活动多样化，以吸引更多的学生。
    语法tips
    diversify在此处意为“（在形式和性质方面）使多样化，使不同”，如diversify one's skills/interests（培养……多方面的技能╱兴趣），也可指“使（经营或产品）多样化，将（资金）分散投资”。其过去式和过去分词形式均为diversified。
    学学这样说
    1. we have few after-class activities. 我们几乎没有什么课外活动。
    2. he was the member of our school's speech club.
    他是我们学校演讲俱乐部的成员。
    3. let's play football on the playground. 咱们去操场上踢足球吧。
    4. what extracurricular activities did you usually take part in at college?
    你上大学时通常参加什么课外活动？
    5. do we have any time for outdoor activities today?
    我们今天有时间进行课外活动吗？
    6. most students join after-school clubs. 大部分学生参加了课外活动小组。
    7. most students do not have enough time for their extra-curricular activities.
    大部分的学生没有足够的时间做课外活动。
    应用对话
    steven: we should diversify our after-school activities to attract more students.
    tom: i cannot agree more.
    史蒂文：我们应该让课外活动多样化，以吸引更多的学生。
    汤姆：我同意你的观点。
    03 no school work can take the place of friends you met in the activities.
    学校里任何的学习都不能替代你在课外活动中遇到的朋友。
    常用单词
    activity [?k't?v?t?] n. 活动
    随机测验
    a: why do you insist on extracurricular activities?
    b: no school work can _____ the place of friends you met in the activities.
    a. join b. bring c. take d. get
    翻译
    a：你为什么坚持开展课外活动？
    b：学校里任何的学习都不能替代你在课外活动中遇到的朋友。
    答案：c
    提示：take the place of...为固定词组，意为“取代/代替……”，相当于take one's place。
    04 extra-curricular activities are an integral part of school life.
    课外活动是学校生活的重要组成部分。
    解析 ▲ integral作形容词，意为“构成整体所必需的”，通常用作be an integral part of...，be integral to...；也可以表示“完整的”，通常用作名词的前置定语；用于数学中，则是表示“整数的，积分的”。
    学学这样说
    1. extra-curricular activities in english are of great help to your english study.
    英语课外活动对你们学习英语有很大帮助。
    2. it's necessary to give students enough time to do outside activities.
    给予学生足够的时间从事课外运动是必要的。
    3. by joining in such activities, they can learn what they can't learn from books. 通过这些活动，他们能学到课本上没有的东西。
    4. extra-curricular activities are beneficial to children's health.
    课外活动有益于孩子们的健康。
    5. extra-curricular activities can broaden our horizons. 课外活动能扩大我们的视野。
    6. from these activities we can learn valuable experience that we won't learn in the classroom. 通过这些活动，我们可以学到很多在课堂上学不到的宝贵经验。
    7. colorful after-school activities can help students reduce their study pressure. 丰富多彩的课外活动能帮助学生们减轻学习压力。
    补充短语
    be of great help to... 对……有很大帮助
    be beneficial (to...) （对……）有益的，有用的，有好处的
    05 too many extra-curricular activities will interfere with your studies.
    过多的课外活动会妨碍你的学业。
    常用单词
    extra-curricular ['ekstr? k?'r?kj?l?(r)] adj. 课外的
    interfere ['?nt?'f??(r)] v. 妨碍，打扰
    语法tips
    interfere with...为固定词组，在句中意为“阻碍╱妨碍╱妨害……”，其宾语可以是人，也可以是物，该词组也可以表示“（未经允许）摆弄，（尤指）弄坏”。而interfere in...，interfere between...and...则是表示“干涉，干预”。
    应用对话
    steven: too many extra-curricular activities will interfere with your studies.
    tom: thank you for your warning.
    史蒂文：过多的课外活动会妨碍你的学业。
    汤姆：谢谢你提醒我。
    06 after-class activities take up too much of your time for study.
    课外活动占去了你太多时间。
    语法tips
    take up为固定词组，在句中意为“占据（时间╱空间）”，也可以表示“拿起，吸收（液体），以……作为爱好╱消遣，开始从事（尤指职业），对……提出要求”等。
    学学这样说
    1. some students don't like extra-curricular activities. 一些学生不喜欢参加课外运动。
    2. john is not active in any school activities. 约翰对学校课外活动一点也不积极。
    3. many parents think that a student's work is learning knowledge and nothing else. 许多家长认为学生的任务就是学习知识，其他的都不重要。
    4. in his opinion, taking part in after-class activities is wasting time.
    在他看来，参加课外活动是浪费时间。
    5. whether they should take after-school activities or not catches the attention of many teachers, students and parents.
    他们是否该参加课外活动引起了很多老师、学生和家长的注意。
    补充短语
    whether...or not 是否……
    catch the attention of sb＝catch one's attention 吸引某人的注意
    after-class/after-school activities 课外活动
    07 do you think that it's worth your while to take part in extracurricular activities at college?
    你觉得在大学期间参加课外活动值得吗？
    解析 ▲ be (well) worth one's while为固定词组，意为“对某人有利益╱有好处”，而be (well) worth doing则是表示“值得做某事”；at college意为“在大学”。
    学学这样说
    1. after good relax and rest, students will work harder.
    好好休息和放松后，学生会更加努力学习。
    2. in my view, extra-curricular activities are very useful. 在我看来，课外活动是很有用的。
    3. extracurricular activities improve both health and friendship.
    课外活动不仅能促进健康，而且能增进友谊。
    4. we should join in more activities after school. 我们应该参加更多的课外活动。
    5. susan is also heavily involved in drama. 苏珊很积极地参加了戏剧活动。
    6. in my opinion, every student should engage in some extra-curricular activities. 我认为每个学生都应该参加一些课外活动。
    补充短语
    in my view 在我看来
    engage (sb) in... （使某人）参加某活动或从事某事

 开家长会

    开家长会
    01 i would like to invite you to the parents' meeting.
    我想邀请您参加家长会。
    解析 ▲ would like to do为固定词组，意为“想要做某事”；invite sb to...意为“邀请某人去╱参加……”；parents' meeting意为“家长会”，复数名词的's所有格形式，只在词尾加'即可。
    学学这样说
    1. there is a parents' meeting in our school on saturday afternoon from 4:00 to6:00 p.m. 星期六下午四点到六点之间，我们学校有一场家长会。
    2. we hope you can attend this meeting.
    我们希望您能来参加这次会议。
    3. we look forward to your arrival! 我们期待您的到来。
    4. welcome to attend the parents' meeting on time. 欢迎你按时参加家长会。
    5. we're going to meet the teacher at the parent-teacher conference.
    我们将在家长会和老师见面。
    补充短语
    welcome to... 欢迎来到……
    02 either my father or my mother will come to the parents' meeting.
    不是我父亲就是我母亲会来参加家长会。
    语法tips
    either...or...为固定词组，意为“不是……就是……”，用于表示在两个事物或人中任择其一，作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式根据就近原则决定。
    学学这样说
    1. we will discuss how to improve students' scores.
    我们将讨论一下如何提高孩子的学习成绩。
    2. linda ditched the conference to attend parents' meeting at her son's school. 琳达离开了会场前往她儿子所在的学校出席家长会。
    3. honey, don't forget the parent-teacher conference this monday!
    亲爱的，别忘了这个星期一的家长会！
    应用对话
    steven: my grandpa will attend the parents' meeting tomorrow. what about you?
    kate: either my father or my mother will come to the parents' meeting.
    史蒂文：明天，我爷爷会来参加家长会。你呢？
    凯特：不是我父亲就是我母亲会来参加家长会。
    03 please inform your parents of the parents' meeting on friday.
    请通知你们的家长来参加周五的家长会。
    常用单词
    inform [?n'f?:m] v. 通知，告诉
    meeting ['mi:t??] n. 会议，会面，会见
    随机测验
    a: please inform your parents _____ the parents' meeting on friday.
    b: ok. i will.
    a. of b. with c. in d. out
    翻译
    a：请通知你的家长来参加周五的家长会。
    b：好。我会的。
    答案：a
    提示：inform sb of/about...为固定词组，意为“通知/告诉某人……”。
    04 at the parents' meeting, my teacher pointed out my shortcomings.
    家长会上，老师指出了我的缺点。
    解析 ▲ point out...为固定词组，意为“指出……”，也可以用作point out that...；而point at/towards...则是表示“对准╱指向”。shortcoming作可数名词，表示“短处，缺点”，通常用作复数形式shortcomings。
    学学这样说
    1. at 9:00, the parents' meeting began. 九点钟，家长会开始了。
    2. this parents' meeting is different from previous ones. 这次家长会与以往的都不同。
    3. we heard the students' voices in their mind. 我们听了孩子们的心声。
    4. many children expressed their thanks to parents.
    很多孩子都表达了他们对父母的感激之情。
    5. we always present the parents with an information pack at the end of the meeting. 我们通常会在会议结束的时候给家长们一个信息包。
    补充短语
    express (one's) thanks to sb 感谢某人
    present sb with... 赠送某人……
    05 the parents' meeting aims at helping children.
    家长会的目的是帮助孩子。
    常用单词
    aim [e?m] v. 目的在于
    语法tips
    aim at (doing)...为固定词组，意为“意欲╱企图╱力求做某事”，相当于aim to do，intend to do，attempt to do等；而aim...at...则是表示“用……瞄准，对准”；aim也可以作可数名词，表示“目的，意图”，通常用作with the aim of doing，have the aim to do，achieve/attain one's aim。
    应用对话
    bill: some students seem to be worried about the parents' meeting.
    john: they need not worry about that at all. the parents' meeting aims at helping children.
    比尔：有些学生似乎为此次家长会而感到担忧。
    约翰：他们根本就不必为此担心。家长会的目的是帮助孩子。

 升学考试

    升学考试
    01 because i skipped many classes, i am very worried about the exam.
    由于我逃了很多课，所以很担心考试。
    解析 ▲ skip在句中是作及物动词，意为“不参加（会议等）”，如skip a lecture/an appointment/a class（未参加讲座∕没赴约∕旷课）。skip的本意是“轻快地跳跃”，用作不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词形式均为skipped。
    学学这样说
    1. i have an exam this afternoon. 下午我要考试。
    2. the final exam is coming. 马上就要期末考试了。
    3. i am worried about the final. 我担心期末考试。
    4. don't worry, and you still have time to prepare for the final.
    别担心，你还有时间准备期末考试。
    5. i hope you'll do better in the final. 希望你期末考会考好一点。
    6. jane had prepared carefully for her english examination so that she could be sure of passing it in her first attempt.
    简已为英语考试认真地做了准备，以便有把握一次通过。
    7. you must review this term's work, or else you will fail in your final exam.
    你必须把这学期的功课复习一下，否则你期末考试要不及格了。
    补充短语
    prepare for... 为……做准备
    be sure of (doing) 确定∕确信（做）……
    fail in... ……考试不及格
    02 don't worry. just let it be.
    别担心，顺其自然吧。
    语法tips
    don't worry为固定表达，意为“别担心”，可以用介词about引出具体对象。let...be为固定词组，意为“不打扰╱不干涉……”，而let nature take its course也可以表示“顺其自然”，尤指任由爱情自由发展。
    学学这样说
    1. maybe it could help me pass the exam. 或许它能帮我通过考试。
    2. you have to work hard if you want to pass the course.
    如果你想通过这门课的话，就得要好好学习。
    3. i must review the notes tonight, because tomorrow i'll take an exam.
    我今晚必须复习笔记，因为明天就要参加考试了。
    4. i hope you can pass the examination.
    我希望你能通过考试。
    5. if i fail in the exam this year, i will try again next year.
    如果今年考试失败了，明年我要再试一次。
    6. did you prepare for the english test? 你准备英语测试了吗？
    7. i don't think there's really any way to prepare. 我实在不知道该怎么准备。
    应用对话
    steven: i doubt if i could pass the exam.
    john: don't worry. just let it be.
    史蒂文：我怀疑我无法通过这次考试。
    约翰：别担心，顺其自然吧。
    03 my son was so nervous about the test, and he didn't sleep at all last night.
    我儿子对这次考试感到好紧张，他昨晚整夜没睡。
    常用单词
    nervous ['n?:v?s] adj. 紧张不安的
    sleep [sli:p] v. 睡觉
    随机测验
    a: i hear your son will take the test soon.
    b: my son was so nervous _____ the test, and he didn't sleep at all last night.
    a. about b. with c. for d. at
    翻译
    a：我听说，你儿子就要参加考试了。
    b：我儿子对这次考虑感到很紧张，他昨晚整夜没睡。
    答案：a
    提示：be nervous about/of (doing)为固定词组，意为“害怕……”；not...at all意为“一点也不”。
    04 if i get good grades, my mother will buy a new ipad for me.
    如果我取得了好的成绩，妈妈就会给我买个新的ipad。
    解析 ▲ 例句中，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。buy为可接双宾语的动词，buy...for sb相当于buy sb...，如果用于被动语态，且指物的直接宾语作主语，介词for不可以省去。
    学学这样说
    1. if we do poorly in the test, we do need extra work.
    如果我们考不好，那我们就得多用功。
    2. no way to cram. 没办法恶补。
    3. i'm occupied in preparing for the final exam. 我正忙着为期终考试做准备。
    4. i have been employed in preparation for tomorrow's exam all day.
    我一整天都在忙着为明天的考试做准备。
    5. the exam is used to test our english ability.
    这次考试是用来测试我们的英语水平的。
    补充短语
    be occupied in (doing)... 忙于……
    be employed in... 忙于……
    05 if you fail in the examination, you'll only have yourself to blame.
    你若考试不及格，只能怪你自己。
    常用单词
    examination [?g?z?m?'ne??n] n. 考试
    blame [ble?m] v. 责备；归咎于
    语法tips
    blame作及物动词，意为“指责，责备，责怪，归咎于”，通常用于固定词组，如blame sb for...=blame...on sb意为“为……责怪某人”，be to blame (for...) 意为“对（坏事）应负责任，应受责备”，have oneself to blame意为“只能责怪自己”。
    应用对话
    steven: i may fail in the chemistry examination.
    john: if you fail in the examination, you'll only have yourself to blame.
    史蒂文：这次化学考试我可能会不及格。
    约翰：你若考试不及格，只能怪你自己。
    06 i bet you can pass the exam.
    我敢说你会通过这次考试的。
    语法tips
    i bet (that)...为固定表达，意为“我敢肯定”，通常用于口语中，相当于i'm sure/certain(that)...；而you bet (...)则是用于口语中，表示“你可确信，的确，当然”；bet one's bottom dollar (on.../that...)则是表示“绝对确信……，打包票”。
    学学这样说
    1. how many people failed in the exam? 有多少人没通过这次考试？
    2. you failed because you got a fever before the exam. 你考试前发烧才没考好的。
    3. there is still a make-up test. 还有一次补考机会。
    4. we just passed the exam. 我们勉强及格。
    5. not good. i doubt whether i can pass it. 不好。我怀疑我是否能及格。
    6. we didn't do well in exam.
    我们考得不好。
    7. as a matter of fact, i am good at subjective items. 事实上，我擅长做主观题。
    补充短语
    get a fever 发烧
    make-up test 补考
    07 i felt great shame at having failed the maths exam.
    我数学考试不及格，感到极其羞愧。
    解析 ▲ feel shame at (doing)为固定词组，意为“因……感到羞愧”，相当于be shamed by...，it's shaming that...，to one's shame...，...bring shame on sb。
    学学这样说
    1. i think i flunk my english test. 我想我英语不能及格了。
    2. to tell the truth, i didn't prepare well for the exam, and only scraped through it. 说实话，这次考试我没有准备好，只是勉强及格。
    3. the teacher examined us in physics. 老师对我们进行物理测试。
    4. i guess the questions must be too difficult. 我想试题一定是太难了。
    补充短语
    flunk one's english test 英语考试不及格
    scrape through 勉强做成……（尤指勉强及格）
    08 what is your final score in the exam?
    你在考试中的最后得分是多少
    学学这样说
    1. our english teacher asked me to correct a few spelling mistakes in the composition. 我们英语老师要求我改正作文中的一些拼写错误。
    3. he got a high mark in maths. 他数学取得了高分。
    4. i missed 15 blanks. 我有15个空没填。
    5. i didn't have enough time to finish my paper. 我没有足够的时间来完成我的试卷。
    09 a completely new situation will arise when the examination system comes into existence.
    这种考试制度一旦形成，将会出现一个崭新的局面。
    解析 ▲ arise作不及物动词，意为“呈现，出现，发生”，其过去式和过去分词形式分别为arose，arisen。come into existence/being为固定词组，意为“开始形成”，而bring/ call...into being/existence则是表示“创造，使……产生”，put...out of existence表示“灭绝，使绝迹”。
    学学这样说
    1. please finish this examination paper within ninety minutes.
    请在九十分钟内完成这份试卷。
    2. there are too many choice questions in this paper. 这份卷子上有太多的选择题了。
    3. i found that the answer to this true-false question was wrong.
    我发现这个判断题的答案是错的。
    4. have you heard about the iel ts? 你听说过雅思考试吗？
    5. at ten o'clock, i finished marking the examination papers.
    十点时，我批改完了试卷。
    6. i have no idea why history was not included in this exam.
    我不明白为什么在这次考试中，历史学科被排除在外。
    补充短语
    hear about/of... 听说……
    have no idea... 不知道……
    10 my score is below their requirement.
    我的分数没有达到他们的要求。
    解析 ▲ 介词below意为“低于”，与above相对。requirement作可数名词，意为“要求，需要，必要条件”，通常用于正式文体，多用复数形式requirements，可以与介词of和for连用，或是用作meet/fulfill/satisfy the requirements。
    学学这样说
    1. i took the entrance exam but didn't get in. 我参加了入学考试但未被录取。
    2. maybe you will receive their admission letter soon.
    也许很快你就能收到他们的录取通知书。
    3. they have rejected my application. 他们已经拒绝了我的申请。
    4. my application was automatically eliminated from the system.
    我的志愿表被系统给自动删除了。
    5. tim is desperate to pass the entrance exam. 蒂姆很渴望通过入学考试。
    6. she missed a very good chance to go to college. 她错失了一个上大学的好机会。
    补充短语
    eliminate...from... 把……从……清除╱排除╱淘汰
    be desperate to do/for... 渴望……
    miss a chance to do 错过机会做某事
    11 she filled the column of school with her name, so her score was relinquished.
    她在学校那一栏填了她的名字，因而整个成绩就作废了。
    语法tips
    fill...with...为固定词组，意为“用……充满/填满……”，而fill in/out...则是表示“填写”，relinquish作及物动词，用于正式文体，意为“让出（权利、财产等），放弃……”。
    学学这样说
    1. one of my friends will take the exam this year.
    我的一个朋友今年要参加该考试。
    2. the grades can't foretell his future achievements.
    成绩并不能代表一个人未来的成就。
    3. i am enrolled at stanford university. 我被斯坦福大学录取了。
    4. i am admitted to oxford university. 我被牛津大学录取了。
    应用对话
    steven: she filled column of school with her name, so her score was relinquished.
    dave: i'm sorry to hear that.
    史蒂文：她在学校那一栏填了她的名字，因而整个成绩就作废了。
    戴夫：听到这个，我很难过。
    12 he was barely qualified for admission.
    他勉强具备录取资格。
    常用单词
    qualified ['kw?l?fa?d] adj. 合格的，有资格的
    admission [?d'm??n] n. 入学许可，录取
    随机测验
    a: has he got the letter of admission?
    b: he was barely qualified _____ admission.
    a. for b. to c. on d. in
    翻译
    a：他收到录取通知书了吗？
    b：他勉强具备录取资格。
    答案：a
    提示：be qualified for...为固定词组，意为“具备……资格”，相当于be qualified to do；而barely为副词，意为“仅仅，勉强，几乎不”。
    13 do students have to pass an entrance exam to enter university?
    学生们要通过入学考试才能上大学吗？
    学学这样说
    1. i spent much time in preparing for the entrance exam.
    我花费了很多时间准备升学考试。
    2. they can prepare pupils for the special entrance exam to cambridge university. 他们能帮助学生准备剑桥大学专门的入学考试。
    3. her sister went to cambridge last year. 她姐姐去年进入了剑桥大学。
    4. peter's father lets him take the entrance exam for the military academy, which is just what he wants. 彼得的父亲让他报考陆军学院，对他来说真是正中下怀。
    5. the season of university enrollment hasn't ended. 大学录取的时间还没有结束。
    6. this school fits students for college. 这所学校训练学生使其能升入大学。
    补充短语
    go up 上升，增长
    military academy 陆军学院
    14 it's necessary to curb downloading papers.
    有必要抑制下载论文的势头。
    解析 ▲ curb作及物动词，意为“抑制，防止失控，约束”，通常用作curb one's anger/feelings（抑制怒火╱感情）、curb spending/waste（限制开支╱浪费）；也可以用作可数名词，通常用作put/keep a curb on...。it's necessary (for sb) to do为固定表达，意为“（某人）有必要做某事”。
    学学这样说
    1. all papers should have page numbers! 所有论文都要标明页码！
    2. is any paper required for this course? 这门课程要不要写论文？
    3. how long is this paper required? 这篇论文要写多长？
    4. my paper consists of fifteen pages. 我的论文共15页。
    5. what is the topic of your paper? 你论文的主题是什么？
    6. never plagiarize the ideas from other people's papers.
    千万不要抄袭他人论文中的观点。
    7. linda is writing a medical research paper in english.
    琳达正在用英语写一篇医学研究论文。
    8. the paper is composed of the preface and the text. 论文由引言和正文两部分组成。
    9. this paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
    本论文分为绪论、正文、结论三大部分。
    补充短语
    consist of... 包括……
    be composed of... 由……构成
    15 his graduation thesis is coming on quite well.
    他的毕业论文进展良好。
    语法tips
    come on为固定词组，在句中意为“取得进步，进展”，也可以表示“（植物等）生长，成长”，或是用于祈使句中，以鼓励某人做某事，如：come on, lily, let's dance（来吧，莉莉，我们跳舞吧）！
    学学这样说
    1. how's your thesis going? 你的论文写得怎么样了？
    2. in fact, i just finished the outline. 事实上，我刚写完提纲。
    3. jack is engaged in writing a thesis. 杰克正忙着写论文。
    4. i have to rewrite this thesis. 我需要重写这篇论文。
    5. you are required to rewrite your paper. 你的论文需要重写。
    6. the due date is coming, but my thesis isn't even close to being done.
    截止日期就要到了，可我的论文离写完还差得远呢。
    7. i've completed the first draft. 我写完初稿了。
    8. lily is working on her term paper. 莉莉正在写学期论文。
    应用对话
    lily: his graduation thesis is coming on quite well.
    steven: i'm glad to hear that.
    莉莉：他的毕业论文进展良好。
    史蒂文：听你这么说，我很高兴。
    16 you ought to submit your term paper to the teacher.
    你应该把你的学期论文交给老师。
    常用单词
    term [t?:m] n. 学期，术语
    paper ['pe?p?(r)] n. 论文，纸
    随机测验
    a: you ought to submit your term paper _____ the teacher.
    b: but i have not finished it yet.
    a. in b. to c. for d. from
    翻译
    a：你应该把你的学期论文交给老师。
    b：但是我还没有写完。
    答案：b
    提示：submit...(to sb/sth)为固定词组，意为“（向……）提交╱呈递……（以供考虑╱裁决）”。
    17 her thesis is being finished off.
    她的论文快写完了。
    学学这样说
    1. i was hunting for a job recently and had no time to write my thesis.
    我最近都在找工作，没时间写我的论文。
    2. all papers ought to be handed in before 12 o'clock. 12点以前必须交论文。
    3. she is writing her doctoral thesis. 她正在写博士论文。
    4. can i read your paper? 我可以阅读一下你的论文吗？
    5. tina is now concentrating on finishing the term paper.
    蒂娜此刻正专注于完成期末论文。
    6. the students have submitted their essays to their supervisors.
    学生已经把论文递交给导师了。
    7. you have half a month left to finish the thesis. 你还有半个月的时间来完成论文。
    18 her thesis is rife with errors.
    她的论文错误连篇。
    常用单词
    thesis ['θi:s?s] n. 论文，论点
    rife [ra?f] adj. 普遍的，流行的
    error ['er?(r)] n. 错误，误差
    语法tips
    rife作形容词，用于正式文体，意为“不良事物盛行╱普遍的”，通常用作表语；be rife with...为固定词组，意为“（尤指不良事物）充满，充斥”，相当于be full of，be filled with，be stacked with...等。
    应用对话
    steven: why does the teacher criticize her?
    mike: her thesis is rife with errors.
    史蒂文：老师为什么批评她？
    迈克：她的论文错误连篇。
    19 all the best for the future.
    祝你未来一帆风顺。
    语法tips
    all the best为固定表达，通常用于口语中，用于告别时意为“祝愿一切顺利”，如：wish you all the best in the coming year（祝愿你来年一切顺利）.类似的用法还有：i hope everything goes well for you（希望你一切顺利）.
    学学这样说
    1. that is why, on this commencement day, we have nothing to take much pride in. 这就是为什么在毕业典礼的这一天，我们没有什么值得骄傲的。
    2. my father was filled with joy during my graduation.
    我的毕业典礼上，我父亲无比高兴。
    3. her mother almost burst into tears in our graduation.
    在我们的毕业典礼上，她母亲差点儿就哭了。
    4. occasional music was played at the graduation. 毕业典礼上演奏了庆典的音乐。
    5. we held a great graduation party. 我们办了一个很棒的毕业派对。
    6. you will still get to the hall on time. 你们还是可以准时到达礼堂的。
    7. did you get your cap and robe for the graduation ceremony?
    你领了参加毕业典礼时穿的礼帽和礼服了吗？
    8. let's take some professional photos. 我们去请专业摄影师给我们拍些照片吧。
    补充短语
    take pride in... 为……感到骄傲╱自豪
    burst into...=burst out doing 突然……
    20 may you have a bright future.
    祝你前程似锦。
    解析 ▲ may在句中表示“祝福、祝愿”，如：may you succeed（祝你成功）!或是may you both be very happy（祝你们俩幸福）! 此外，may也可以作情态动词，后接动词原形，意为“能，可以，会”，或是用于表示推测。
    学学这样说
    1. this is our beloved alma mater. 这就是我们可爱的母校。
    2. good luck in future. 祝你未来顺利。
    3. i finally graduated from school and i don't have to take exams!
    我终于毕业了，再也不用考试了。
    4. may all succeed in the new position. 恭祝所有人在新的岗位上前程似锦。
    5. that atmosphere always evokes memories of her old school.
    那种气氛总是唤起她对母校的回忆。
    6. we wish our school a more brilliant future. 祝福我们的学校未来更加繁荣！
    补充短语
    alma mater 母校
    good luck 祝你好运
    evoke memories of... 唤起……的记忆
    21 we should believe that they can make a difference to our world.
    我们应该相信他们能为世界带来改变。
    语法tips
    make a/no/some difference (to sb/sth) 为固定词组，意为“（对……）有╱没有╱有些作用/影响”。
    学学这样说
    1. it's the greatest sight at the military commencement.
    这是军校毕业典礼上最壮观的一幕了。
    2. the high school commencement speaker was the president of a large corporation. 这所中学的毕业典礼，请来了一位大企业的总裁演讲。
    3. could you please come to my graduation ceremony next wednesday?
    下周三你能参加我的毕业典礼吗？
    4. the vice-chancellor attended our graduation ceremony.
    大学副校长出席了我们的毕业典礼。
    5. the commencement speaker delivered a forceful speech that impressed the students.
    毕业典礼上的演讲人发表了一篇很有感染力的讲话，给学生们留下了深刻印象。
    6. the commencement ceremony affirms each student's pursue for knowledge.
    毕业典礼是对每个学生对知识的追求的肯定。
    应用对话
    steven: we should believe that they can make a difference to our world.
    tina: maybe you are right.
    史蒂文：我们应该相信他们能为世界带来改变。
    蒂娜：也许你是对的。
    22 her graduation dress was made of silk.
    她毕业典礼时穿的衣服是用丝绸做的。
    随机测验
    a: her graduation dress was made _____ silk.
    b: it must have been quite beautiful.
    a. from b. into c. out d. of
    翻译
    a：她毕业典礼时穿的衣服是用丝绸做的。
    b：那一定很漂亮。
    答案：d
    提示：be made of...为固定词组，意为“由……制成”，指看得出原材料；而be made from...意为“由……制成”，指看不出原材料；be made into...意为“被制成……”
    23 robert delivered the commencement address at this university.
    罗伯特在该大学的毕业典礼中致辞。
    解析 ▲ deliver在句中作及物动词，意为“授（课），讲（道），讲（话）”，通常用作deliver a talk/lecture/address/speech；也可以表示“递送，传送（信件╱包裹╱货物等）”，用作deliver...to sb/sth。
    学学这样说
    1. i am reluctant to part from the college where i have spent over 1400 days and nights. 我不愿离开这个我曾经度过了1400多个日日夜夜的大学。
    2. there is no doubt that we have deep feelings for our old school.
    毫无疑问，我们对母校有深厚的感情。
    3. many students of the business school skipped the commencement ceremony of the university. 许多商学院的学生没有去参加学校的毕业典礼。
    4. the ceremony should be the most important and serious event in students' school life. 毕业典礼应该是学生学校生活中最为重要和严肃的事。
    5. linda will give a touching valediction at graduation.
    琳达将在毕业典礼上作感人的告别演讲。
    补充短语
    be reluctant to do 不愿做某事
    have deep feelings for... 对……有深厚感情
    24 congratulations on your achievement.
    恭喜你取得的成就。
    常用单词
    congratulation [k?n'gr?t?u'le??n] n. 祝贺，庆贺
    achievement [?'t?i:vm?nt] n. 成就，完成
    语法tips
    congratulations on (doing)...为固定词组，意为“祝贺……”，相当于congratulate sb on (doing)，也可以单独用作congratulations.或是用作offer (sb) one's congratulations on...。
    应用对话
    steven: congratulations on your achievement.
    bill: thank you.
    史蒂文：恭喜你取得的成就。
    比尔：谢谢。
    note

 进行预约

    进行预约
    01 i suppose you should see a dermatologist first.
    我想你应当先看皮肤科医生。
    语法tips
    suppose作及物动词，在句中意为“认为，以为，猜想，假定”，通常后面接that从句，that可以省略；或是用作suppose...(to be)...；see a doctor为固定词组，意为“看医生”。
    学学这样说
    1. i want to see a surgeon. 我要看外科。
    2. will you fill out this medical record? 请您把病历表填好，行吗？
    3. i'll make a medical record for you. 我要给你写一份病历。
    4. is it for emergency? 是看急诊吗？
    02 if necessary we'll transfer you to the physician.
    需要的话，我们再将你转到内科。
    常用单词
    physician [f?'z??n] n. 内科医师
    随机测验
    a: if necessary we'll transfer you _____ the physician.
    b: ok. i see.
    a. with b. in c. to d. for
    翻译
    a：需要的话我们再将你转到内科。
    b：好的，我知道了。
    答案：c
    提示：if necessary为固定词组，意为“如果有必要的话”，相当于if it's necessary；transfer sb (from...) (to...) 意为“将……转移到……”。
    03 may i make an appointment now?
    我现在可以预约吗？
    解析 ▲ make an appointment (with sb)为固定词组，意为“与（某人）有约”，相当于fix an appointment (with sb)；appointment作可数名词，表示“约会，预约”，也可以用作keep/break an appointment（守约╱失约）。
    学学这样说
    2. father made an appointment for my brother with the dentist.
    父亲代我弟弟向牙医预约。
    3. it is on the left side of the main floor.
    它就在一楼大厅的左侧。
    4. to see the doctor in this area, patients need an appointment.
    在这个地区看医生，患者需要预约。

 咨询就诊

    咨询就诊
    01 can you schedule an appointment with doctor jacky for me?
    您能帮我预约一下杰克医生吗？
    学学这样说
    1. i would like to have my eyes examined. 我想做个视力检查。
    2. if you don't feel better by friday, then come back. 到星斯五还不好的话再过来。
    3. where can i take the eye examination? 我在哪里能做视力检查呢？
    4. hello, is doctor jones on duty? 您好，琼斯大夫在吗？
    5. excuse me, where can i get a blood test? 请问在哪儿验血？
    6. you need to go to the first floor to pay, then go back to the third floor and have your blood test. 到一楼交费，再回三楼验血就好了。
    7. can anything be done for the pain? 有没有办法缓解疼痛？
    补充短语
    eye examination 视力检查/测试
    blood test 验血，血液化验
    02 will it get worse?
    会恶化吗？
    语法tips
    get在句中作系动词，意为“变得，成为”，后接形容词作表语，构成系表结构；worse为形容词bad的比较级形式，其最高级形式为worst，get worse意为“恶化”，而get better则是表示“好转”。
    学学这样说
    1. doctor, may i ask about my father's condition? 医生，我可以问问我父亲的病情吗？
    2. what are the results of my eye examination? 我视力检查的结果怎么样？
    3. can it be cured yet? 能治好吗？
    4. isn't there any effective medicine for it? 没有什么特效药吗？
    5. what are her chances? 她还有救吗？
    6. so my daughter's sight still can be corrected, right?
    那我女儿的视力还可以矫正过来，是吧？
    应用对话
    steven: will it get worse?
    doctor: it's hard to say at present.
    史蒂文：会恶化吗？
    医生：目前很难说。
    03 your daughter has got an inflammation of lymph.
    你女儿的淋巴发炎了。
    常用单词
    inflammation ['?nfl?'me??n] n. 炎症，发炎
    lymph [l?mf] n. 淋巴
    随机测验
    a: what is wrong with my daughter?
    b: your daughter has got an inflammation _____ lymph.
    a. of b. with c. to d. from
    翻译
    a：我女儿怎么了？
    b：你女儿患了淋巴炎。
    答案：a
    提示：(get) (an) inflammation of...为固定词组，意为“……发炎”。
    04 how long do you expect her to live?
    她还能活多久？
    解析 ▲ expect sb to do为固定词组，意为“期望╱预期某人做某事”，类似表达如hope to do（希望做某事），wish sb to do（希望某人做某事）；而expect...from sb/sth则是表示“预料、盼望某事发生或某人╱某事物到来”。
    学学这样说
    1. the result appears that i have pseudomyopia. 结果显示我是假性近视。
    2. well, he has serious nearsightedness and astigmatism.
    嗯，他有严重的近视和散光。
    3. your mother suffers from lung cancer. 你母亲患了肺癌。
    4. he fell ill with acute appendicitis. 他得了急性阑尾炎。
    补充短语
    suffer from... 患……病，受……苦
    feel/fall/take ill 患病
    05 rub this cream on every six hours.
    擦这种药，每隔6小时一次。
    常用单词
    rub [r?b] v. 摩擦，擦，抹
    cream [kri:m] n. 面霜，乳脂
    语法tips
    rub在句中作及物动词，意为“搽上╱抹上╱涂上……”，可以用作rub...on (to...)，也可以表示“摩擦”，用作rub...with sth（用某物擦╱磨╱揉╱搓）；作不及物动词时，表示“摩擦”，用作rub on/against...（与……摩擦）。其过去式和过去分词形式均为rubbed。
    应用对话
    nurse: rub this cream on every six hours.
    steven: ok. i will.
    护士：擦这种药，每隔6小时一次。
    史蒂文：好，我会的。
    06 when could i take your temperature?
    我何时可以给你量体温呢？
    语法tips
    temperature作不可数名词，意为“体温，温度”；take one's temperature为固定词组，意为“（用温度计）给某人量体温”；get/have/run a temperature意为“体温过高，发烧”；raise the temperature则是意为“加剧紧张气氛╱敌对情绪”。
    学学这样说
    1. you should take some medicine.
    你应该吃点药。
    2. remember to drink plenty of water. 记住多喝水。
    3. do you mean that he needs to exercise a lot? 你的意思是他要多锻炼吗？
    4. will the operation hurt very much? 这种手术很痛吗？
    5. how many tablets should i take, doctor? 医生，我该吃多少药？
    6. how many injections do i need to take? 我需要打几针呢？
    补充短语
    take some medicine 吃药
    plenty of... 大量的╱很多的……
    07 just stay in bed for several days.
    卧床休息几天。
    解析 ▲ stay in bed为固定词组，意为“卧病在床”，take to one's bed则是更为正式的表达，有时也可以用作keep (to) one's bed；leave one's bed则是表示“病愈起床”；be/lie in bed则是表示“卧床，睡觉”。
    学学这样说
    1. need i avoid any particular food? 我需要忌食吗？
    2. can you tell me certain food i must avoid? 你能告诉我我要忌食哪些食物吗？
    3. any instructions i should pay special attention to? 我需要注意些什么吗？
    4. do you mean that i need to eat less greasy food? 你的意思是我要少吃油腻食物吗？
    5. don't eat spicy food. 不要吃辛辣的食物。
    6. don't eat anything cold or spicy. 不要吃生冷和辛辣食物。
    7. too much fat food is not good for you. 吃太多油腻的食物对你身体不好。
    8. you have to avoid drinking something cold. 你必须忌喝冷的东西。
    补充短语
    pay special attention to... 格外注意……
    too much... 太多……
    08 now my nose is stuffed up.
    现在我有点鼻塞。
    语法tips
    句中的be stuffed up视为固定表达，意为“鼻塞”；而stuff...(up) (with...) 为固定词组，意为“（用……）塞满……”，如stuff (up) a hole with paper（用纸堵住洞）。
    学学这样说
    1. i have a sore throat. 我喉咙很痛。
    2. you have all the symptoms of influenza. 这些都是感冒的症状。
    3. what's the matter with you? / what's your trouble? 你哪里不舒服？
    4. i have a terrible toothache. 我牙疼得厉害。
    5. tell me how it got caused. 告诉我怎么引起的。
    6. i've been feeling nauseous. 我一直想吐。
    应用对话
    doctor: what's the matter with you?
    steven: now my nose is stuffed up.
    医生：你哪里不舒服？
    史蒂文：现在我有点鼻塞。
    09 yesterday i had a runny nose.
    昨天我老流鼻涕。
    常用单词
    runny ['r?n?] adj. 流鼻涕的
    nose [n??z] n. 鼻子
    随机测验
    a: yesterday i had a _____ nose.
    b: you must have caught a cold.
    a. run b. runny c. runs d. ran
    翻译
    a：昨天我老流鼻。
    b：你一定是感冒了。
    答案：b
    提示：have (got) a runny nose为固定词组，意为“流鼻涕”；形容词runny意为“（鼻子）流鼻涕的，（眼睛）流泪的”，也可以表示“水分过多的，太稀的（有时有贬义）”。
    10 i began to run a fever.
    我开始发烧了。
    解析 ▲ fever作可数名词或是不可数名词，表示“发烧，发热”，run a fever为固定词组，意为“发烧”，也可以用作have a (high/slight/low) fever。in a fever of...表示“……兴奋╱激动”。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm afraid i've got a temperature. 恐怕我发烧了。
    2. i feel pain here whenever i drink something cold. 我一喝冷的东西这里就觉得痛。
    3. i feel dizzy. 我头晕目眩。
    4. i have a stabbing pain. 我感到像针扎似的疼。
    5. i don't have a good appetite these days. 这些天来我没什么食欲。
    6. it's a sharp pain and i feel like someone is sticking a needle in my tooth.
    这是种刺痛的感觉，就好像有人把针刺进我的牙里一样。
    补充短语
    get a temperature 发烧
    feel dizzy 头晕
    have a good appetite 胃口好
    11 by the way, do you have a history of tuberculosis?
    顺便问一下，你曾经患过肺结核吗？
    常用单词
    history ['h?str?] n. 历史，历史学
    tuberculosis [t?'b?:kj?'l??s?s] n. 肺结核
    语法tips
    by the way为固定词组，意为“顺便说”，通常用作插入语，用于句首或是句中，用逗号隔开；a history of...意为“……经历╱记录╱病史”。
    应用对话
    doctor: by the way, do you have a history of tuberculosis?
    steven: no.
    医生：顺便问一下，你曾经患过肺结核吗？
    史蒂文：没有。
    12 my tooth is killing me.
    我的牙疼死了。
    语法tips
    kill本意为“杀害，杀死，致死”，用作及物动词或是不及物动词。在句中用作及物动词，用于口语中，且通常用于进行时态，意为“使（某人）疼痛，痛苦”；kill sb用于口语中，也可以表示“大怒”。
    学学这样说
    1. let me give you an examination. 让我给你检查一下。
    2. first let me take a look at your throat. 我先看看你的喉咙。
    3. open your mouth and say "ah". 张开嘴说“啊”。
    4. now put your tongue out. 把你的舌头伸出来。
    5. all right, let me examine your throat. 好的，让我检查一下你的喉咙。
    6. let me check your heart and lungs. 让我检查你的心和肺。
    7. take a deep breath and hold it. 深呼吸，屏住气。
    8. breathe in, and then out. 吸气，然后呼气。
    补充短语
    all right 好（表示赞成╱同意等）
    take a deep breath 深呼吸
    hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
    13 your throat is inflamed.
    你的喉咙发炎了。
    解析 ▲ inflamed作形容词，通常用作表语，be inflamed by/with...为固定词组，意为“因……发炎的╱红肿热痛的╱感染的，因……愤怒的╱激动的”。inflame也作及物动词，意为“使……愤怒╱激动”，通常用作inflame...(with/to...)。
    学学这样说
    1. the doctor diagnosed my illness as a rare bone disease.
    医生诊断出我的病是一种罕见的骨病。
    2. the doctor diagnosed the tumor as benign. 医生诊断肿瘤是良性的。
    3. there was no doubt about the diagnosis that he had lung cancer.
    诊断结果没有疑问，他患了肺癌。
    4. the doctor diagnosed the illness as pneumonia. 医生诊断这病为肺炎。
    5. what's the doctor's diagnosis? 医生的诊断结果是什么？
    6. my diagnosis is acute tonsillitis. 我的诊断是急性扁桃体炎。
    7. your blood pressure is high. 您的血压过高。
    8. i have recently been diagnosed with angina. 我最近被诊断出患有心绞痛。
    补充短语
    diagnose...as... 诊断……为……
    blood pressure 血压
    be diagnosed with... 被诊断出……
    14 two doctors made distinct diagnoses of your disease.
    两位医生对你的病下了不同的诊断结论。
    语法tips
    diagnosis作可数名词，意为“诊断结果，诊断书”，其复数形式为diagnoses；作不可数名词时，意为“诊断，确定毛病，判断问题”，可以与介词of连用。make one's diagnosis为固定词组，意为“进行诊断”。
    学学这样说
    1. the doctor is writing a prescription. 医生正在开处方。
    2. the illness was diagnosed as cancer. 此病诊断为癌症。
    3. take the prescription to the dispensary. 拿这个处方到药房。
    4. she was certified and sent to a mental hospital. 她被确诊并送往精神病院了。
    5. we are waiting for the doctor's diagnosis. 我们正在等待医生的诊断结论。
    应用对话
    nurse: two doctors made distinct diagnoses of your disease.
    steven: how so?
    护士：两位医生对你的病下了不同的诊断结论。
    史蒂文：怎么会这样？
    15 the doctor prescribed some medicine for her cough.
    医生给她开了些咳嗽药。
    常用单词
    prescribe [pr?'skra?b] v. 开处方，开药方
    cough [k?f] n. 咳嗽
    随机测验
    a: the doctor prescribed some medicine _____ her cough.
    b: she should have a good rest.
    a. for b. to c. at d. with
    翻译
    a：医生给她开了些咳嗽药。
    b：她应该好好休息。
    答案：a
    提示：prescribe...(for...) 为固定词组，意为“建议/吩咐采用（尤指药物/疗法等），开（药方）
    16 an accurate diagnosis was made after a series of tests.
    准确的诊断是在一系列的检查后做出的。
    解析 ▲ series作可数名词，意为“一系列”，单复数形式相同，通常用作单数形式；a series of...为固定词组，意为“一系列的……，一个接一个的……”，通常接复数名词。
    学学这样说
    1. they waited in great suspense for the doctor's diagnosis.
    他们焦急万分地等候医生做出诊断。
    2. a good rest is all you need. 你只是需要好好休息。
    3. please remember your health is more important than your business.
    请记住，你的身体比你的工作重要。
    4. i'll give you some cough medicine and antibiotic pills.
    我给你开点咳嗽药和一些抗生素药丸。
    5. the doctor gave me a prescription for pain-killers. 医生给我给我开了些止痛药。
    6. the prescription of drugs is a doctor's responsibility. 开药方是医生的职责。
    7. the doctor wrote out a prescription for my fever. 医生开了一个治发烧的处方。
    补充短语
    in (great) suspense 焦急万分
    give sb a prescription for... 给某人开……药方
    write out a prescription for... 开……药方
    17 the pharmacist will make up your prescription.
    药剂师会给你依处方配药。
    常用单词
    pharmacist ['fɑ:m?s?st] n. 药剂师
    prescription [pr?'skr?p?n] n. 药方，指示
    语法tips
    prescription作可数名词，意为“处方，药方，处方上开的药”，有时也可以表示“对策”；make up the prescription为固定词组，意为“配药”；make a prescription则是表示“开药方”。
    应用对话
    nurse: the pharmacist will make up your prescription.
    steven: so, could you show me the way to the pharmacy?
    护士：药剂师会给你依处方配药。
    史蒂文：那么，你能告诉我怎么去药房吗？
    18 the doctor dispensed a prescription to her patient.
    医生开处方给病人配药。
    语法tips
    dispense作及物动词，在句中意为“配（药）╱发（药）（尤指按医生处方）”。dispense a prescription为固定词组，意为“按处方配药”。
    学学这样说
    1. the patient has not yet been well enough to dispense with the pills.
    他尚未痊愈，仍需吃药。
    2. take this medicine three times a day. 一天服3次药。
    3. what did the previous doctor prescribe to you? 以前的医生给您开的什么药？
    4. you are supposed to exercise more. 您应该多锻炼身体。
    5. i will give you a diet plan and you must stick to it.
    我会给您一个饮食计划，而且您得坚持。
    6. the results show that you have diarrhea. 检查结果显示你得了痢疾。
    7. i prescribe walking as therapy for your weak knee.
    我嘱你多走走，以此治疗你乏力的膝盖。
    8. just keep the bandage dry and come back in three days.
    保持绷带干燥就行了，三天后回来复诊。
    补充短语
    dispense with... 用不着……，摆脱……
    stick to... 坚持……
    19 we recommend you to try the chinese medicine.
    我们推荐你试一下这种中药。
    解析 ▲ recommend在句中作及物动词，意为“建议（采取某种做法╱对策），劝告”。
    recommend sb to do为固定词组，意为“推荐某人做某事”，也可以用作recommend doing，recommend that...。
    学学这样说
    1. just take this medicine and it's effective on the fever induced by a cold.
    吃这种药吧，它对感冒引起的发烧很有效。
    2. how many should i take, then? 那么我该吃多少呢？
    3. you should take the medicine for three days, one in the morning and one at night. 你应该吃3天这种药，早晚各一片。
    4. take medicine when you get gripes. 肚子痛时就吃些药。
    补充短语
    be effective on... 对……有效
    be induced by... 由……引起╱诱发
    20 please give me explicit instructions to take the medicine.
    请详细告诉我该如何服药。
    语法tips
    instruction作可数名词，意为“命令，指令，指示”，复数形式instructions也可以表示“用法说明，操作指南，吩咐，命令”，通常用作instructions to do/that...；作不可数名词时意为“（对知识的）教授╱传授，（传授的）知识╱教导”，通常用作instruction(in...)。
    学学这样说
    1. i need some medicine. 我需要一些药。
    2. i need some antibiotics. 我需要一些抗生素。
    3. i need some medicine for my cough. 我想买点儿治咳嗽的药。
    4. do you have any medicine that can help with this ringing in my ears?
    您这里有治耳鸣的药吗？
    5. have you got some medicine for chapped lips? 你有治嘴唇干裂的药吗？
    6. hello, doctor, i'd like some medicine for diarrhea.
    您好，医生。我想开点儿治腹的药。
    应用对话
    nurse: can i help you?
    steven: please give me explicit instructions to take the medicine.
    护士：我能帮助你吗？
    史蒂文：请详细告诉我该如何服药。
    21 it is a wonderful cure for colds.
    这是治感冒的妙药。
    常用单词
    cure [kj??(r)] n. 治疗，治愈
    cold [k??ld] n. 感冒，寒冷
    随机测验
    a: why do you recommend the medicine?
    b: it is a wonderful cure _____ cold.
    a. to b. at c. for d. of
    翻译
    a：你为什么会推荐这种药？
    b：这是治感冒的妙药。
    答案：c
    提示：a cure (for...)为固定词组，意为“……药物/疗法”；cure作可数名词或是不可数名词，表示“药物，疗法”。
    22 even though i take medicine, i feel worse than i did yesterday.
    我虽然吃了药，病情却比昨天更严重。
    解析 ▲ even though...为固定词组，意为“虽然，尽管，即使，纵然”，用作连词，引导让步状语从句，相当于even if，in spite of the fact that...。
    学学这样说
    1. take one dose of this cough syrup three times a day.
    每天服三次这种止咳糖浆，每次服一剂。
    2. you shouldn't take the pills on an empty stomach. 你不要空腹吃药。
    3. take two aspirins for your headache. 你头疼就吃两片阿司匹林吧。
    4. please don't take too much painkillers. 不要吃太多的止疼片。
    5. do i have to take any medicine? 我还要吃药吗？
    6. how many pills each time? 每次要吃多少粒？
    7. nine pills per day, and three pills after each meal. 一天9粒，每顿饭后3粒。
    8. have you taken your medicine? 你吃过药了吗？
    补充短语
    one/a dose of... 一剂……
    on an empty stomach 空着肚子，空腹
    23 aspirin has efficacy in relieving headache.
    阿司匹林有减轻头痛的功效。
    常用单词
    relieve [r?'li:v] v. 减轻，解除
    headache ['hede?k] n. 头痛
    语法tips
    have efficacy in (doing)为固定词组，意为“有……效用”，efficacy用于正式文体，作不可数名词，意为“功效，功用”，相当于effectiveness。
    应用对话
    doctor: aspirin has efficacy in relieving headache.
    steven: how many pills should i take each time?
    医生：阿司匹林有减轻头痛的功效。
    史蒂文：每次应该吃几片？
    24 i heard chinese medicine has a better lasting effect on cure.
    我听说中药的治疗效果更持久。
    语法tips
    effect表示“后果，结果，效果”，作可数名词或是不可数名词，have (any/a good) effect (on...)为固定词组，意为“有效，有影响”；of/to no effect 则是表示“没有预期或希望的结果，无效”。
    学学这样说
    1. i know a remedy for headache. 我知道一种治头疼的药。
    2. the efficacy of the medicine is satisfactory. 这药的药效令人满意。
    3. there is still no cure for the disease. 目前仍没有治愈该疾病的良药。
    4. chinese traditional medicine takes effect slowly. 中药见效慢。
    5. antibiotics help to cure many diseases that were formerly fatal.
    抗生素有助于治疗许多以前会致命的疾病。
    补充短语
    a remedy for... ……疗法/药物
    take effect 起效，生效
    25 this medicine will ensure you a good sleep.
    这药保证能让你好好睡一觉。
    解析 ▲ ensure作及物动词，在句中意为“保证某人得到……，使某人一定得到……”，通常用作ensure sb...；也可以表示“确保，保证，担保”，后接名词或是that从句。在美式英语中，通常用作insure。
    学学这样说
    1. aspirin can reduce fever. 阿司匹林可以退烧。
    2. do these painkillers have any side effects? 这些止痛片有副作用吗？
    3. why not try this new drug? 为什么不试一试这种新药？
    4. the medicine worked. 药物有效了。
    补充短语
    reduce fever 退烧
    side effects 副作用
    26 the medicine you need is ethical drug which you can't buy without a prescription.
    你需要的药是处方药，没有处方你是买不到的。
    语法tips
    ethical作形容词，本意为“伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的”，在句中意为“（药品）凭医师处方出售的”，没有比较级和最高级形式。
    学学这样说
    1. what medicine should i take? 我该吃什么药？
    2. here's your ointment. 这是您的药膏。
    3. this pill will help to settle your nerves. 这种药会助你缓解紧张的情绪。
    4. what medicine does your father need? 你父亲需要什么样的药呢？
    5. we have many kinds of medicine to treat your symptoms.
    我们有很多种对您的症状有效的药。
    应用对话
    steven: what is the matter?
    doctor: the medicine you need is ethical drug which you can't buy without a prescription.
    史蒂文：怎么了？
    医生：你需要的药是处方药，没有处方你是买不到的。
    27 you have to take the pills until you recover from the operation.
    直到术后痊愈你才能停止服药。
    常用单词
    recover [r?'k?v?(r)] v. 恢复，复原
    随机测验
    a: you have to take the pills until you recover _____ the operation.
    b: i will. thank for your warning.
    a. at b. on c. to d. from
    翻译
    a：直到术后痊愈你才能停止服药。
    b：我会的。谢谢你的提醒。
    答案：d
    提示：recover (from...) 为固定词组，意为“回复到正常状态（如健康/繁荣）”；而recover...(from...) 则是表示“找回……，重新获得……”。

 住院治疗

    住院治疗
    01 i am going to have my appendix removed.
    我要做切除阑尾的手术。
    常用单词
    appendix [?'pend?ks] n. 阑尾，附加物
    学学这样说
    1. do i need an operation on my right leg? 我的右腿需要做手术吗？
    2. according to the x-ray, your right leg has broken. 从x光片来看，你的右腿骨折了。
    3. the condition is serious and you need surgery. 情况严重，你需要动手术。
    4. she needs to do open-heart surgery. 她需要做个心内直视手术。
    补充短语
    need an operation on 需要在……动手术
    应用对话
    nurse: did your doctor explain to you about what operation you are going to have?
    steven: yes, of course. i am going to have my appendix removed.
    护士：您的医生向您说了要动什么手术了吗？
    史蒂文：当然了，我要做切除阑尾的手术。
    02 cancer usually requires surgery.
    癌症通常需要动手术治疗。
    常用单词
    cancer ['k?ns?(r)] n. 癌症，恶性肿瘤
    surgery ['s?:d??r?] n. 外科手术
    学学这样说
    1. your father will have to be operated for his tumors. 你父亲的肿瘤得开刀。
    2. i hope the doctors won't perform an operation. 我希望医生不要动手术。
    3. we will have to operate on her eyes. 我们得给她的眼睛动手术。
    4. we have arranged for her to be operated on by the best doctor.
    我们已经安排最好的医生给她做手术。
    补充短语
    operate on 给……动手术
    03 please tell him to prepare the patient for surgery.
    请告诉他给病人做术前准备。
    常用单词
    surgery ['s?:d??r?] n. 手术
    学学这样说
    1. you must know you've been scheduled to have an operation the day after tomorrow. 您一定知道，您的手术安排在后天进行。
    2. the operation starts at 10 o'clock. 手术10点开始。
    3. but you'll have to get an injection of anaesthesia about 30 to 40 minutes in advance. 但是你得提前30至40分钟注射麻醉剂。
    补充短语
    be scheduled to... 被安排……
    04 have you signed the consent?
    你在同意书上签字了吗？
    解析 ▲ sign the consent的意思是“在同意书上签字”，此处指“手术同意书”，有时也可以用 sign the consent of operation来表达。
    学学这样说
    1. if your family comes to see you before the operation, they should come before you get injections. 如果您的家人手术前要来看您，就应该在注射以前来。
    2. did your doctor explain to you about what operation you were going to have? 您的医生向您说了要动什么手术了吗？
    3. how long am i going to stay in the operating room? 我要在手术室里待多久？
    4. it depends on operation procedures and your recovery from the anesthesia. 这得看手术的进展情况以及你从麻醉中恢复的状况。
    应用对话
    nurse: ok. have you signed the consent?
    steven: yes. here it is.
    护士：好的，在手术同意书上签字了吗？
    史蒂文：签了，给您。
    05 an anesthesiologist will come soon.
    麻醉师很快会来。
    常用单词
    anesthesiologist ['?n?s'θi:z?'?l?d??st] n. 麻醉师
    学学这样说
    1. you're going to have general anesthesia. 将对您使用全身麻醉。
    2. during the operation you will be senseless with the work of anesthesia.
    由于麻醉剂的作用，手术时你会毫无感觉。
    3. you'll find yourself back in your ward after the operation.
    手术后，你会发现自己已经回到病房了。
    4. your doctor has prescribed medicine to relieve your pain. 医生已经给你开了止痛药。
    补充短语
    general anesthesia 全身麻醉
    06 the nurse assisted the doctor in the operating room.
    护士在手术室协助医生动手术。
    学学这样说
    1. the doctor who is performing the operation is the director of this hospital.
    正在做手术的医生是这家医院的院长。
    2. great care is taken to keep operating rooms aseptic.
    注意保持手术室的无菌状态。
    3. the patient was sent to the operating room. 这个病人被送进了手术室。
    4. she has been in the operating theatre for two hours. 她在手术室里已经两个小时了。
    5. he was sweating blood while his wife was in the operating room.
    妻子在手术室内动手术时，他焦急万分。
    补充短语
    operating room 手术室
    07 the doctor performs operations with sterilized surgical instruments.
    医生用消过毒的外科手术器械做手术。
    常用单词
    sterilized [s'ter?la?zd] adj. 无菌的，已消过毒的
    surgical ['s?:d??kl] adj. 外科的，手术上的
    学学这样说
    1. she bent over to start the operation. 她俯身开始给病人做手术。
    2. the gown a surgeon wears during an operation is usually green. 外科医生在做手术时穿的手术服通常是绿色的。
    3. the scalpels act a big role in the operation. 手术刀在手术中扮演着重要的角色。
    4. the patient died on the operating table. 病人死在了手术台上。
    5. they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available.
    手术室一空出来他们就会着手进行手术。
    补充短语
    act a big role in 在……扮演重要角色
    08 the doctor operated on her at once and susan was saved.
    医生立即给苏珊做了手术，于是她得救了。
    解析 ▲ at once意思是“立刻，马上”，一般在句中充当时间状语，置于句尾。
    学学这样说
    1. the girl is still recuperating from her operation. 这个女孩动手术后仍在恢复中。
    2. the doctors operated on the patient but still failed to save her life.
    医生给这位病人做了手术，可仍没能挽留住她的生命。
    3. a surgeon performed the intricate surgery that saved her hand.
    外科医生给她做了一个复杂的外科手术，保住了她的手。
    09 complications could happen during an operation or after.
    并发症可在手术中或之后发生。
    常用单词
    complication ['k?mpl?'ke??n] n. 并发症
    happen ['h?p?n] v. 发生
    学学这样说
    1. lasers can be used to perform operations nowadays. 现在激光可以用来做手术。
    2. his father underwent a major operation last week. 他父亲上周动了一次大手术。
    3. she underwent a three-hour heart operation. 她经历了一场3个小时的心脏手术。
    4. she still needed the second surgery and more physical therapy.
    她仍然需要第二次外科手术和更多的物理治疗。
    补充短语
    be used to... 被用来……
    10 i guess you should know that you need to be hospitalized.
    我猜想你应该知道你需要住院。
    学学这样说
    1. do i need to be hospitalized? 我需要住院吗？
    2. i am checking into hospital tomorrow. 我明天要去住院。
    3. by the way, do you think i'll have to stay in hospital for long?
    顺便问一下，你认为我必须住院很久吗？
    4. the doctor advised hospitalization for me. 医生建议我住院。
    5. you should be admitted to hospital for your operation without delay.
    你必须立即住院手术。
    6. may i go through the admission procedures now? 我现在可以办理住院手续吗？
    补充短语
    admission procedures 住院手续，入学手续
    应用对话
    doctor: i guess you should know that you need to be hospitalized.
    steven: of course.
    医生：我想你应该知道你需要住院。
    史蒂文：我当然知道。
    11 is there any other reason for her hospitalization?
    她需要住院还有其他的原因吗？
    常用单词
    hospitalization ['h?sp?t?la?'ze??n] n. 住院治疗
    学学这样说
    1. please go to the in-patient department to go through the admission procedures. 请去住院部去办理住院手续。
    2. to tell you the truth, she must be hospitalized because her life is really in danger. 说实话，她的生命危在旦夕，必须住院。
    3. your father will have to remain hospitalized until the swelling in his brain subsides. 你父亲必须住院治疗直到脑充血痊愈。
    4. your mother needs to be taken into hospital for observation. 你母亲需要住院观察。
    5. father had to stay in hospital for his operation. 父亲不得不住院动手术。
    6. cases of major burns require medical treatment and hospitalization.
    严重烧伤的病人需要住院治疗。
    补充短语
    be in danger 很危险
    12 you need to stay for one day or two for observation.
    你需要住院观察一两天。
    常用单词
    observation ['?bz?'ve??n] n. 观察
    学学这样说
    1. how long do i have to stay in hospital? 我必须要住院多久？
    2. you must stay in hospital for one week. 你必须住院一周。
    3. hospitalization may be prolonged. 住院期可能延长。
    4. you have to be put in an isolation ward. 你必须住进隔离病房。
    5. you are arranged to stay in medical ward. 你被安排到了内科病房。
    应用对话
    steven: by the way, do you think i'll have to stay in hospital for long?
    doctor: it's hard to say. it depends on your recovery condition. but you need to stay for at least one day for further observation.
    史蒂文：顺便问一下，你认为我得住院很久吗？
    医生：很难说，这得看你的恢复情况了。不过你至少需要住院观察一天。
    13 please keep the ward clean.
    请保持病房整洁。
    常用单词
    ward [w?:d] n. 病房
    clean [kli:n] v.（使）清洁，变干净
    学学这样说
    1. i ask for a private ward. 我要一个单人病房。
    2. you are in the room number 205. 你在205号病房。
    3. this ward is in the charge of dr. green. 此间病房由格林医生负责。
    4. nurses will make their round of wards regularly. 护士会定期查房。
    5. we decided to take the old man to the isolation ward.
    我们决定把这位老人带到隔离病房去。
    6. this is your ward and you will share it with another patient.
    这是你的病房，将与另一患者合住。
    补充短语
    share with... 与……分享
    14 you haven't applied for hospitalization yet.
    你还没有申请住院。
    解析 ▲ apply for是一个动词词组，意思是“申请”，介词for后面一般跟名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. he is in hospital having his tonsils removed. 他因为要摘除扁桃腺而住院。
    2. how long were you in hospital when you gave birth? 你生产时住院多久？
    3. they checked her into hospital last night. 他们昨晚把她送去住院了。
    4. there is a tutor to teach the children while they're in hospital.
    在孩子们住院期间，有个私人教师给他们上课。
    5. my mother went to the seaside to convalesce after her stay in hospital.
    我母亲经过住院治疗后，去了海滨养病。
    6. i sent him a get-well card when he was in hospital. 他住院时，我寄给他一张慰问卡。
    补充短语
    be in hospital 住院
    15 she didn't get up when she was in hospital.
    她自打住院就一直躺在床上。
    解析 ▲ get up是一个不及物动词词组，意思是“起床”，后面不跟宾语。
    学学这样说
    1. she broke a leg and was hospitalized for two months.
    她摔断了一条腿，住院治疗了两个月。
    2. the patient was tired of long period of hospitalization.
    病人厌烦了长时间的住院治疗。
    3. how many days has your son been in hospital? 你儿子住院几天了？
    4. the average length of hospital stay was 10 days. 平均住院时间为10天。
    5. the children had to buckle down because their mother was in hospital.
    因母亲住院，孩子们只好事事更加努力。
    补充短语
    buckle down 认真努力，倾全力
    16 my daughter had been hospitalized twice for pneumonia.
    我女儿曾经两次因为肺炎住院。
    常用单词
    daughter ['d?:t?(r)] n. 女儿
    pneumonia [nju:'m??n??] n. 肺炎
    学学这样说
    1. he landed in hospital with his old injury on his back. 他因背部旧伤住院。
    2. after the accident she had treatment in hospital. 事故发生后，她住院治疗。
    3. when a worker is hospitalized, all expenses are met by the state.
    当工人住院时，所有费用都由国家承担。
    4. that long spell in hospital pulled her down a lot. 长时间住院使她变得非常虚弱。
    5. my son was on his feet again after such a long period in hospital.
    住院很长一段时间后，我儿子恢复健康了。
    6. it is a common sense that almost all people need to be hospitalized after an operation. 几乎所有的人在手术后都要住院，这是个常识。
    补充短语
    pull down 摧毁，使虚弱
    17 has your temperature gone down?
    你烧退了吗？
    常用单词
    temperature ['tempr?t??(r)] n. 体温，温度
    学学这样说
    1. how come your face is so pale? 你的脸色怎么这么苍白？
    2. didn't you sleep well last night? 昨晚你没睡好吗？
    3. how do you feel after the surgery? 手术后你感觉怎么样？
    4. just get a good rest and don't worry about anything else.
    好好休息就行，别担心其他事情了。
    5. you'll be full of energy in several days. 几天后你就会感到精力充沛的。
    6. if there is anything wrong, just let the doctor know.
    如果哪儿不舒服，随时告诉医生。
    补充短语
    get a good rest 好好休息
    18 take some diarrhea medicine and you'll be fine.
    吃点儿止泻药就会好的。
    常用单词
    diarrhea ['da??'r??] n. 腹泻，痢疾
    学学这样说
    1. taking some more medicine and getting some sleep will do.
    再吃点儿药，睡一觉会管用的。
    2. my throat is much better, but i still cough. 我的嗓子不那么疼了，可是还咳嗽。
    3. you only took medicine for one day so it won't work completely yet.
    你刚吃了一天药，还没有完全发挥作用。
    4. i have had no appetite at all after taking medicine for a whole day.
    我吃了一天的药，一点儿胃口都没有了。
    5. i still don't feel like eating anything. 可是我还是什么都不想吃。
    补充短语
    have no appetite 没胃口
    19 i am very grateful that you can come to the hospital to visit me.
    你能来医院看我，我很感激。
    语法tips
    i am very grateful that意思是“我很感激”，后面跟句子，句子用陈述语序。
    常用单词
    grateful ['gre?tfl] adj. 感谢的，感激的
    学学这样说
    1. i'm almost recovered. 我基本上痊愈了。
    2. thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。
    3. i feel much better, but it's very boring to stay in the hospital.
    我觉得好多了，就是待在医院里太无聊了。
    4. will you be back tomorrow? 你明天还来吗？
    20 have you got better now?
    你好点了吗？
    学学这样说
    1. how are you feeling today? 今天你感觉怎么样？
    2. are you feeling better today? 你今天觉得好点了吗？
    3. what did the doctor say? 医生怎么说？
    4. when can you leave hospital? 什么时候能出院？
    5. you're still taking medicine every day? 你每天还吃药吗？
    补充短语
    leave hospital 出院
    应用对话
    peter: steven, have you got better now?
    steven: yeah, the doctor said that i could leave soon. i really miss home.
    彼得：史蒂文，你好点了吗？
    史蒂文：好多了，医生说我很快就可以出院了。我真想家。
    21 it looks your legs are almost healed.
    看上去你的腿好得差不多了。
    常用单词
    leg [leg] n. 腿
    healed [hi:ld] adj. 愈合的
    学学这样说
    1. you are leaving the hospital soon, anyway. 反正你也快出院了。
    2. i asked several nurses before i found your room. 我问了几个护士才找到这儿。
    3. if necessary, i can stay here to accompany you until you are discharged.
    有必要的话，我可以在这里陪你到出院。
    4. look, i brought some books for you. 看，我给你带了些书。
    5. i hope that you have an earlier recovery. 我希望你早日康复。
    6. i brought you some of your favorite food. 我带了些你喜欢吃的东西。
    7. i hope that you will be well soon. 我希望你快点好起来。
    8. if you follow the doctor's advice, you'll soon get better.
    如果你遵医嘱，很快就会好起来的。
    补充短语
    follow one's advice 听某人的建议
    22 close friends are allowed into the sickroom.
    亲近的朋友允许进入病房。
    解析 ▲ be allowed into意思是“被允许进入”，介词into后面要跟上表示地点的名词或者代词。
    常用单词
    sickroom ['s?kru:m] n. 病房
    学学这样说
    1. keep quiet in wards. 病房里要保持安静。
    2. i am satisfied with the ward's conditions. 我对病房的条件很满意。
    3. the hospital room had a medicinal smell. 医院病房里有一股药味。
    4. the sickroom was freshly swabbed out and disinfected.
    病房刚刚拖过地，并消了毒。
    5. steven, your ward's conditions are pretty good, huh?
    史蒂文，你的病房的条件很不错，是吧？
    6. the ward is really clean and the bed is comfortable and i even have a tv.
    病房很干净，床很舒服，还有一台电视机。
    7. wow, the wards have really improved a lot. 哇，病房的条件可真是提高了不少。
    23 i still can't bear the smell of disinfectant.
    我还是受不了消毒水的味道。
    解析 ▲ bear the smell of意思是“忍受……的味道”，of后面跟名词或者代词。
    常用单词
    disinfectant ['d?s?n'fekt?nt] n. 消毒剂
    学学这样说
    1. the ward is your home during your stay in hospital. 在您住院期间，病房就是您的家。
    2. the young man walked up and down outside the ward waiting for news of his wife and baby. 这个年轻人在病房外走来走去，等候着妻子和婴儿的消息。
    3. if patients are in an open ward, few nurses will pass them by without doing some little things for them.
    如果病人住在公用病房里，很少有护士经过时不为他们做点小事情。
    4. the hospital has both a medical ward and a surgical ward.
    这医院有内科病房和外科病房。
    24 i wonder when the ambulance will arrive.
    我想知道救护车何时会到。
    常用单词
    ambulance ['?mbj?l?ns] n. 救护车
    学学这样说
    1. how's the surgery, doctor? 医生，手术怎么样？
    2. is his life in danger? 他的生命处于危险之中吗？
    3. is it too late to save the girl now? 现在救这个女孩已经晚了吗？
    4. what's the matter with the patient? 病人什么情况？
    5. but is the little boy out of danger now? 但是这个小男孩现在脱离危险了吗？
    6. can you stanch his bleeding cut? 你能给他的伤口止血吗？
    7. did she suffer serious injuries to the arms and legs? 她的双臂和双腿受伤严重吗？
    8. will we have to wait much longer? 我们还要等很长时间吗？
    补充短语
    be out of danger 脱离危险
    25 surgeons are working round the clock to save her life.
    外科医生们正在日夜工作以抢救她的生命。
    解析 ▲ round the clock意思是“夜以继日地”，常在句中用作状语，修饰动词。
    学学这样说
    1. due to the successful operation, the patient is out of danger now.
    由于手术成功，病人现在已脱离危险。
    2. we'll try our best to save your mother. 我们会尽全力抢救你母亲的。
    3. send this patient to the emergency room for first aid at once.
    马上把这位病人送到急诊室进行急救。
    4. due to her dyspnea, she was sent to our hospital for first aid.
    因为她呼吸困难，她被送入我们医院急救。
    5. first-aid skills are vital in case of an emergency.
    如果遇到紧急情况，急救技能是非常重要的。
    6. the doctor was treating a patient in the emergency room.
    医生正在急诊室中医治病人。
    补充短语
    in case of 以防

 康复出院

    康复出院
    01 could you tell me the reason why i can't be discharged now?
    你能告知我现在为什么不能出院吗？
    常用单词
    reason ['ri:zn] n. 理由，动机
    now [na?] adv. 现在，如今
    学学这样说
    1. but how can i get discharged? 不过我怎么办出院手续呢？
    2. i wonder if i could be discharged soon. 我想知道我是否可以很快出院。
    3. what should i do before i am discharged from hospital?
    在我出院之前，我应该做些什么？
    4. could you give me some suggestions before i am discharged from hospital?
    在我出院之前你能给我一些建议吗？
    补充短语
    be discharged from hospital 出院
    02 i'll send a nurse to fetch your bill at the admission office and then you can go through the discharge formalities.
    我叫护士到住院处取你的账单，然后你就可以办理出院手续了。
    解析 ▲ 该句中formality指“程序，正式手续”，此外该词还有“形式，仪式，俗套”之意，如there is no need for formality since we are all friends.（自从我们都成为朋友后就不需什么俗套而言了。）
    常用单词
    nurse [n?:s] n. 护士
    fetch [fet?] v. 取得，拿
    学学这样说
    1. first, please get the bill; then pay it with cash or by check. 首先去取一下费用账单，然后用现金或支票支付费用。
    2. it's hard to say and it depends on your recovery. 很难说，这得看你的恢复情况了。
    3. you can leave the hospital when you recovered completely.
    你痊愈时就可以出院了。
    4. you're not allowed to be out so soon. 你不能这么快就出院。
    03 since you are recovering so well, we decide you will be discharged tomorrow.
    因为你恢复得不错，我们认为你明天就可以出院了。
    学学这样说
    1. you are going to be discharged the day after tomorrow. 你后天就可以出院了。
    2. it is a good news that you will be discharged this friday.
    有好消息告诉你，这周五你就可以出院了。
    3. i reckon you'll be able to leave hospital in several days. 我估计你几天内便能出院。
    4. you are allowed to be discharged from hospital after your complete recovery. 你痊愈后就能出院了。
    补充短语
    be able to 能，会
    应用对话
    steven: excuse me. when can i be discharged?
    nurse: the doctor has examined your current situation. since you are recovering so well, you will be discharged tomorrow.
    史蒂文：打扰了。我什么时候能出院？
    护士：医生查看了您目前的情况，因为你恢复得不错，明天就可以出院了。
    04 don't hurry back to work until you have fully recovered.
    不要急于上班，等完全恢复了再说。
    解析 ▲ hurry在此处作动词，指“仓促（做某事）”，当hurry的宾语为人时，指“催促，使赶紧”，如：the kids are hurried to bed.（孩子们被催促赶紧上床。）hurry作名词时，常见于in a hurry搭配中，意为“急忙，匆忙，仓促”。
    学学这样说
    1. this is your discharge certificate. 这是你的出院证。
    2. firstly, avoid any mental stress and have a good rest.
    首先精神上不要太紧张，好好休息。
    3. secondly, give up smoking and drinking and have more nutritious food.
    第二，戒烟戒酒，加强营养。
    4. thirdly, don't stimulate the incision when you have a bath.
    第三，洗澡时不要刺激手术切口。
    5. finally, come to have examinations of fasting sugar and ecg regularly.
    最后，要定期来查空腹血糖和做心电图检查。
    6. once your illness worsens, see the doctor at once. 一旦病情恶化，要马上看医生。
    应用对话
    nurse: even though you're discharged, you still need to take a rest at home.
    don't hurry back to work until you have fully recovered.
    steven: yes, i will. thanks for your care.
    护士：尽管您出院了，您是需要在家还休息。不要急于上班，等完全恢复了再说。
    史蒂文：好的，我会的。谢谢您的关心和照料。
    05 mr. white is ready to check out this afternoon and i'm here to clear up the bills for him.
    怀特先生今天下午准备出院了。我是来代他结账的。
    解析 ▲ clear up此处作“处理”讲，该短语还有“解决（问题），治愈（疾病），（天气）放晴”的意思，如clear up the problem/infection，the weather clears up。
    学学这样说
    1. the doctors will release my father from hospital the day after tomorrow.
    医生打算让我的父亲后天出院。
    2. it was arranged that he would be discharged today. 安排他今日出院。
    3. the patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged on december 31st. 病人顺利地恢复健康，并于12月31日出院。
    4. it was agreed that according to his traveling schedule he would be discharged pretty soon. 根据患者的旅行安排，同意他近日出院。
    随机测验
    it is preferable to have her _____ at the hospital to continue further treatment.
    a. stay b. to stay c. stayed d. staying
    翻译
    她可能仍要住院继续治疗。
    答案：d
    提示：have sb do sth和have sb doing sth的区别在于，后者有“让某人一直做某事”的含义，强调动作的持续性。
    06 after 16 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, bob was released from hospital.
    在经历了16个小时的手术和数周的精心护理之后，鲍勃出院了。
    语法tips
    intensive和intense作为具有相同词根的形容词，词义却并不相同。intensive指“加强的，集中的，密集的”，如intensive training；而intense主要指“强烈的，剧烈的，极度的”，如intense heat。
    常用单词
    intensive [?n'tens?v] adj. 集中的，加强的
    release [r?'li:s] v. 释放，发射，发布
    学学这样说
    1. his condition aggravated by leaving hospital too soon.
    他因过早出院而使病情恶化。
    2. when the young man was discharged from hospital, he had lost 20 pounds. 出院时，这个年轻人的体重已减轻了20磅。
    3. your daughter is not supposed to have left hospital so soon.
    你女儿不应这么早就出院的。
    4. the doctor ought not to let you get out of the hospital so early.
    医生不应当让你这么早就出院。
    07 it is impossible to foresee whether he'll be well enough to come home from hospital next month.
    无法预知下个月他是否可以康复出院。
    常用单词
    foresee [f?:'si:] v. 预见，预知
    well [wel] adj. 健康的，良好的
    学学这样说
    1. my son is coming out of hospital on friday. 我儿子星期五要出院了。
    2. when she left hospital she was completely cured. 出院时，她已经痊愈了。
    3. my brother was discharged from hospital last week. 我弟弟上周出院。
    4. hopefully they can discharge you soon. 你应该快出院了。
    补充短语
    come out of 从……出来，由……产生

 邮递业务

    邮递业务
    01 i want some stamps with scenic pictures.
    我想要一些带风景的邮票。
    常用单词
    stamp [st?mp] n. 邮票，印记
    学学这样说
    1. six stamps with kitty cat, please. 拿6张带凯蒂猫图案的邮票。
    2. i like stamps with a teddy bear on them. 我喜欢带泰迪熊图案的邮票。
    3. i would like to buy some stamps which have memorable pictures.
    我想买一些带有纪念意义图案的邮票。
    4. i wonder if you have stamps with birds' pictures.
    我想知道你们是否有一些带有鸟图案的邮票。
    应用对话
    clerk: good afternoon, can i help you?
    steven: good afternoon. i want several stamps with birds' pictures.
    职员：下午好，我能为您效劳吗？
    史蒂文：下午好，我想要几张带有写图案图案的邮票。
    02 i would like to buy the newly issued stamps.
    我想买新发行的邮票。
    常用单词
    newly ['nju:l?] adv. 最近
    issue ['??u:] v. 发行，发布
    学学这样说
    1. i'd like five stamps, please. 请给我5张邮票。
    2. some 80-cent stamps too, please. 几张80美分的邮票。
    3. a dozen 30-cent stamps. 30美分的邮票买一打。
    4. i need some stamps and envelopes. 我需要一些邮票和信封。
    5. my son is a stamp collector and i want to buy him some stamps.
    我儿子是集邮爱好者，我想要给他买些邮票。
    补充短语
    stamp collector 集邮者
    03 could you recommend me some stamps with scenic pictures?
    你能给我推荐几张带风景画的邮票吗？
    解析 ▲ recommend sb sth或recommend sb/sth to sb指“推荐，介绍”；当recommend后跟that从句时，表达“建议，劝说”之意，如：it is recommended that you stop drinking.（建议你不要再喝了。）
    学学这样说
    1. can i buy stamps here? 我能在这儿买邮票吗？
    2. do you have any newly released stamps for sale? 你们有最近发行的邮票出售吗？
    3. are you sure it is a valuable stamp? 你确定这是一张有价值的邮票吗？
    4. do you mean that i can buy that kind of stamp if i come back a week later?
    你的意思是如果我一周后再过来就能买到那种邮票吗？
    补充短语
    for sale 待售
    04 if i were you, i would buy this kind of stamp.
    如果我是你的话，我会买这种邮票的。
    解析 ▲ if i were you为非真实条件句，句子使用虚拟语气，该句为邮局职员劝说顾客购买某种邮票的话语。
    学学这样说
    1. which stamps do you prefer? 你想要什么样的邮票？
    2. the stamp will go on sale next month at 65 cents.
    这种邮票将于下月发行，价格为65美分。
    3. if you want to collect stamps, i suggest you buying these special stamps.
    如果你想集邮，我建议你买这些特别的邮票。
    4. you can buy stamps at window no. 6. 您可以在6号窗口买邮票。
    5. i am afraid there aren't enough 30-cent stamps at present.
    我恐怕现在没有足够的30美分的邮票了。
    6. here are the six stamps of 80-cent you need. 这是您要的6张80美分的邮票。
    7. you need ten stamps for such a heavy letter. 你需要为这么重的信笺买上10张邮票。
    随机测验
    these newly issued stamps have novel design and sell ______.
    a. nice b. fine c. good d. well
    翻译
    这些新发行的邮票图案设计新颖，卖得很好。
    答案：d
    提示：sell为动词，因此应当用副词well来进行修饰。sell well指“卖得好，
    畅销”。
    05 i want some postcards with chinese scenic pictures and some concerning chinese culture.
    我想要一些带中国风景图案的明信片，还有一些有关中国文化的明信片。
    常用单词
    postcard ['p??stkɑ?d] n. 明信片
    scenic ['si:n?k] adj. 风景优美的
    学学这样说
    1. five postcards with scenic pictures, please. 请拿5张带风景图案的明信片。
    2. i want to buy several postcards for festival greetings.
    我想买几张明信片用于节日祝贺。
    3. i wonder if you have some postcards for teachers.
    我想知道你们是否有可以送给老师的明信片。
    4. i need a dozen postcards with different pictures. 我想要一打不同图案的明信片。
    补充短语
    a dozen 一打，十二个
    06 do you have any postcards used for festival greetings?
    你们有可以用于节日祝贺的明信片吗？
    解析 ▲ 该句中used for为过去分词结构作后置定语修饰postcards，指“用于，适用于”。该定语成分也可用定语从句进行表达，即：do you have any postcards that are used for festival greetings?
    学学这样说
    1. do you have postcards? 你们有明信片吗？
    2. what kinds of postcards do you have? 你们有哪几种明信片？
    3. how much is a postcard? 一张明信片多少钱？
    4. where can i buy a large postcard? 我在哪儿可以买到大张的明信片？
    5. could you recommend me some postcards? 你可以给我推荐一些明信片吗？
    6. how much do i need to pay for these postcards? 我需要为这些明信片付多少钱呢？
    补充短语
    pay for 为…付钱，赔偿
    07 to whom do you want to send this postcard?
    你想把这张明信片寄给谁呢？
    解析 ▲ 该句中首个to为介词，与send连用，因此之后用whom而非who，该句也可以改为：who/whom do you want to send this postcard to?
    常用单词
    whom [hu:m] pron. 谁
    send [send] v. 发送，寄送
    学学这样说
    1. what kind of postcards do you want? 您要什么样的明信片？
    2. how many postcards do you need? 你想买几张明信片？
    3. how about this lovely postcard? 这张可爱的明信片怎么样呢？
    4. which postcard do you like, this one or that one? 你喜欢哪一张明信片，这张还是那张？
    08 these postcards are specially designed for christmas.
    这些明信片是专门为圣诞节设计的。
    学学这样说
    1. the postcard rack has a wide variety of postcards for you to choose from.
    明信片架上有各种各样的明信片供您选择。
    2. these are all the postcards we have. 这些是我们这儿所有的明信片了。
    3. you can choose what you like. 你可以挑喜欢的拿。
    补充短语
    a wide variety of 各种的，多种多样的
    choose from... 从……之间选择
    应用对话
    steven: christmas day is coming. i want to buy several postcards to send to my family and friends. could you recommend me some? clerk: of course. how about these postcards? they are specially designed for christmas.
    史蒂文：圣诞节快要来了，我想买几张明信片寄给家人和朋友，你可以给我推荐一些吗？
    职员：当然可以。这些明信片怎么样呢？它们是专门为圣诞节设计的。
    09 i want this letter registered.
    我想寄挂号信。
    常用单词
    letter ['let?(r)] n. 信，字母
    register ['red??st?(r)] v. 挂号邮寄
    学学这样说
    1. by ordinary airmail, please. 请寄普通航空信。
    2. i want the letter posted to london by airmail. 我想通过航空信把这封信寄到伦敦。
    3. i'd like to mail this letter to england.
    我想要把这封信寄到英格兰去。
    5. please register this letter for me, will you? 请给我把这封信挂号，好吗？
    6. make it special delivery, please. 请用快递邮件的方式寄送。
    应用对话
    steven: good morning. i want to post this letter.
    clerk: do you want to send it by ordinary or registered mail?
    steven: i want this letter registered. there is something important inside.
    史蒂文：早上好。我想寄这封信。
    职员：您是要寄普通信件还是挂号信？
    史蒂文：我想寄挂号信，里面有很重要的东西。
    10 what's the postage for an airmail to america?
    寄一封航空邮件到美国的邮费是多少？
    常用单词
    postage ['p??st?d?] n. 邮资，邮费
    airmail ['e?me?l] n. 航空邮件
    学学这样说
    1. would you please weigh this letter to see what the postage is?
    麻烦您称一下这封信，看看需要多少邮费，好吗？
    2. what is the postage of this letter, please? 请问这封信的邮费是多少？
    3. how much will it cost to send this mail to new york? 这封信寄到纽约要多少邮费？
    4. would you mind telling me the postage now? 你介意现在告诉我一下邮费吗？
    随机测验
    what's the difference ______ an ordinary letter and a registered letter?
    a. to b. among c. between d. for
    翻译
    平信和挂号信有什么区别？
    答案：c
    提示：between...and...为固定搭配，指“……和……之间”。
    11 i wonder if this letter is overweight.
    我想知道这封信是否超重。
    常用单词
    overweight [???v?'we?t] adj. 超重的，过重的
    学学这样说
    1. is this the registered mail section? 这是挂号组吗？
    2. could you mail this letter for me? 你能帮我寄这封信吗？
    3. is there enough postage on it? 邮票贴够了吗？
    4. will i be informed when my sister receives the letter?
    当我妹妹接到信后，会有人通知我吗？
    5. how long do you think it'll take to get to new york? 你觉得大概多久才能到纽约？
    6. do you think i can catch the last post today?
    你觉得我能赶上今天最后一次邮递吗？
    补充短语
    registered mail 挂号信
    12 a registered letter must bear the complete address of the sender.
    挂号信上必须有寄件人的详细地址。
    解析 ▲ 该句中bear指“带有（某种标记或特征）”，此外bear还有“忍受，承担，支撑”等多种含义，如bear the suffering（忍受苦难），bear the weight（承受重量）。
    学学这样说
    1. the receiver's name and address of an international mail should be written in english or german. 对于国际邮件，收件人姓名和地址应用英文或德文书写。
    2. domestic standard envelopes can't be used in international letter service.
    国际信函不能使用国内标准信封。
    3. by the rule, stamps must not be stuck on both sides of the envelope.
    按照规定，不可在信封的两面同时粘贴邮票。
    4. the last mail goes out at 8:30 in the evening. 最后一趟邮班是晚上8:30。
    补充短语
    by the rule 按规则，依规则
    13 is there anything of value in it?
    里面有什么贵重物品吗？
    语法tips
    “of+名词”相当于一个形容词，可以作表语和定语，有些“of+名词”结构有对应的形容词形式，如(be)of importance/significance相当于important/significant；但该结构中也有些没有相对应的形容词形式，如：she is of royal blood.（她有贵族血统。）
    学学这样说
    1. how do you want to mail your letter? 这封信你想要怎样邮寄？
    2. by ordinary or registered mail? 您是要寄平信还是挂号信？
    3. if you want to post an ordinary letter, you needn't go to the post office.
    你要是寄一封平信，就不用去邮局。
    4. you'd better have it registered. 您最好寄挂号信。
    5. it's wise to register letters containing banknotes. 信中夹支票的话最好寄挂号信。
    6. you can send it by registered mail. 您可以寄挂号信。
    补充短语
    ordinary letter 平信
    post office 邮局
    14 please drop the letter into the letter box.
    请将信投到信箱里。
    解析 ▲ letter box意为“信箱”，“信箱”的其他表达还包括mailbox，post box，post-office box。
    常用单词
    drop [dr?p] v. 下降，投下
    box [b?ks] n. 箱子
    学学这样说
    1. you'd better have the letter weighed. 你最好称一下这封信。
    2. i must weigh it. 我必须称一下。
    3. this letter is 8 grams overweight. 这封信超重8克。
    4. you must stick an 80-cent stamp on the letter before you post it.
    你寄这封信之前，要贴上80美分的邮票。
    5. the postage for airmail is 80 cents. 一封航空信的邮资是80美分。
    6. stamps show how much postage has been paid. 邮票表明已付了多少邮资。
    15 i want to send the package c.o.d.
    我想用“货到付款”的方式寄包裹。
    解析 ▲ c.o.d.为cash on delivery的缩写，意为“货到付款”。而“提前付款”则可以用payment in advance和prepayment来表达，如：payment in advance is expected for the purchase of these books.（购买的这些书要求提前支付。）
    学学这样说
    1. please send this parcel for me. 请为我寄这个包裹。
    2. i'd like to send this parcel by sea mail.
    我想要以海运的方式来寄送这个包裹。
    3. i'd like to insure this package for 80 u.s. dollars. 我想给这包东西保价80美元。
    4. i want to send this package to london by parcel post, please.
    我想把这包东西以包裹邮件寄往伦敦。
    5. i'd like to have this parcel delivered to paris. 我想把这个包裹寄到巴黎去。
    补充短语
    parcel post 包裹邮递，邮包
    16 excuse me, is this the parcel post counter?
    请问，这是寄包裹的柜台吗？
    常用单词
    parcel ['pɑ:sl] n. 包裹，小包
    counter ['ka?nt?(r)] n. 柜台
    学学这样说
    1. do you take parcels here? 这里可以寄包裹吗？
    2. would you tell me how i could send this parcel to china?
    您能告诉我如何把这个包裹邮寄到中国上海吗？
    3. what's the weight limit for an international small packet?
    国际小包裹的限重是多少？
    4. can you tell me how long it will take to get to france? 请问寄到法国大约要多长时间？
    5. how long will it take to mail to the usa by air? 用航空邮件寄到美国需要几天？
    补充短语
    weight limit 限重
    by air 乘飞机，航空邮寄（信件）
    17 what's the surcharge on this express parcel?
    这个快邮包裹的额外邮资是多少？
    常用单词
    surcharge ['s?:t?ɑ:d?] n. 额外费用
    express [?k'spres] n. 快递
    学学这样说
    1. could you give me the form to fill out? 给我一张填写的单子，好吗？
    2. is it necessary to put the return address on? 要把寄信人地址也写上吗？
    3. how much do i need to pay for this parcel? 寄这个包裹需要多少钱？
    4. what's the postcode of that place? 那个地方的邮编是多少？
    补充短语
    fill out (the form) 填写（单子）
    return address 寄信人地址
    18 if your parcel is overweight, you'll have to pay extra.
    如果你的包裹超重，你需额外付费。
    语法tips
    由if或unless引导的条件状语从句，需遵守“主将从现”原则：表达将来时，主句通常用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时来表示一般将来时。
    学学这样说
    1. any parcels over the max weight should be repacked into small ones.
    凡超过重量限度的包裹应分为几个小包裹邮寄。
    2. any parcel over the dimension limit should be repacked into smaller ones.
    超过最大尺寸限度的包裹应分成若干小件。
    3. it's overweight and please repack it into two pieces.
    超重了，请把它们重新包装成两件。
    4. this parcel is overweight by three kilos. 这个包裹超重3公斤。
    补充短语
    max weight 最大称重
    19 please write the names of the contents in detail.
    请详细填写内装物品的名称。
    解析 ▲ 短语in detail作状语，意为“详细地”，与detail搭配的结构还有go into details，指“详细叙述，逐一说明”，如：we are not going to go into details in this class.（我们不打算在这个班里进行详细说明。）
    常用单词
    write [ra?t] v. 写
    content ['k?ntent] n. 目录，内容
    学学这样说
    1. go to the window marked "parcel post". 去写着“包裹邮寄”的那个窗口。
    2. please mark with a cross on the relative item of "surface", "sal" or "air".
    请在“水陆路”“空运水陆路”或“航空”前打个“叉”。
    3. according to the regulation, these things are not permitted to send abroad.
    根据规定，这些东西不能寄往国外。
    4. would you please show me the contents in it? 请您把内装物品给我看一下好吗？
    20 do you mail parcels overseas?
    你们寄包裹到海外吗？
    解析 ▲ 该句中overseas为副词，意为“在╱向海外，在╱向国外”。overseas还有形容词词性，指“（在）海外的，（向或来自）外国的”，如overseas students（留学生）。
    学学这样说
    1. is there any letter enclosed? 里面附有信件吗？
    2. would you like to mail it by air or sea? 您寄航空邮件还是海运邮件？
    3. where do you want to mail it? 您想寄到哪里？
    4. how about a small packet? 用小包邮寄怎么样？
    随机测验
    a: do you want it insured?
    b: what's the insurance fee?
    a: that ______ on the value of the parcel.
    a. depends b. depending c. is depended d. to depend
    翻译
    a：您要保险吗？
    b：保险费是多少？
    a：那要看包裹的价值。
    答案：a
    提示：句中缺少谓语，排除非谓语形式b项和d项。depend“取决（于），有赖（于）”与主语that之间为主动关系，因此选a。
    21 you should insure your packages against loss and any damage.
    您的包裹应该投保，以免遗失和损坏。
    解析 ▲ 此处insure作动词，意为“为……投保，给……上保险”，动词insure还可以用于insure oneself against结构之中，指“使采取预防措施”。
    常用单词
    package ['p?k?d?] n. 包裹
    loss [l?s] n. 损失，亏损
    学学这样说
    1. i'll have to weigh it first. 我得先把它称一下。
    2. the cost depends on how you would like to send it.
    花费取决于你想用什么方式来邮寄。
    3. if you mail many books, you'd better put them into a postal box.
    如果邮寄很多书，您最好装入邮政专用的箱内邮寄。
    4. this parcel is sent to japan and regular mail is ok. 这包裹是寄往日本的，平邮即可。

 物流寄送

    物流寄送
    01 i would like to send the computer to my sister.
    我想把这台电脑寄给我的妹妹。
    常用单词
    transport ['tr?nsp?:t] n. 运输
    学学这样说
    1. please send this luggage by express delivery. 请以快递方式寄这件行李。
    2. how long does it take for delivery? 多长时间能送到？
    3. how much is it to send this luggage by express delivery? 快递这件行李多少钱？
    4. do you think it would be faster than express delivery? 你认为那会比快递还快吗？
    应用对话
    steven: hello. i want to send the computer to my sister.
    clerk: ok. is it in the box? may i have a look at it?
    steven: of course.
    史蒂文：你好。我想把这台电脑寄给我的妹妹。
    职员：可以。在这个箱子里吗？我可以看看吗？
    史蒂文：好的。
    02 it usually takes three days to deliver within the city.
    市区内一般3天就能到。
    应用对话
    steven: how much is it to send these things to that city?
    clerk: it depends on the weight of these things.
    史蒂文：寄送这些东西到那个城市要多少钱？
    职员：那要看这些东西的重量了。
    随机测验
    wrap them up and have the form ______.
    a. filled b. filling c. fill d. to fill
    翻译
    把它们包起来，填好这张表。
    答案：a
    提示：have的宾语为the form，空缺处所填内容为宾语补足语，由于fill与the form之间为被动关系，因此选a。
    03 there is great room for logistics development in china.
    在中国，物流行业有巨大的发展空间。
    解析 ▲ 本句中的room并非指“房间，屋子”，而是表达“机会，余地，可能性”的含义，此处也可以用space来进行替换。因此，该句也可改为：there is a huge space for logistics development in china.
    学学这样说
    1. modern logistics is one challenging and exciting job.
    现代物流是一个富有挑战性和激动人心的工作。
    3. logistics service is a balance between service priority and cost.
    物流是服务优先与成本间的平衡。
    4. logistics is anything but a newborn baby. 物流不是新鲜事。
    补充短语
    anything but 除……之外任何事（物）都……，决不
    04 logistics consists of warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, processing, distribution and logistics information.
    物流由仓储、运输、装卸、搬运、包装、加工、配送和物流信息所组成。
    语法tips
    表示“整体由部分组成”，可用consist of，comprise，be composed of和be made up of；而表示“部分组成整体”，则用compose，constitute。如：the group consists of/comprises/is composed of two girls and three boys.或two girls and three boys compose/constitute the group.
    学学这样说
    1. logistics is part of the supply chain. 物流是供应链的组成部分。
    2. logistics may be divided into supply logistics, production logistics, distribution logistics, returned logistics and waste material logistics.
    物流可以分成供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、回收物流和废弃物物流。
    3. logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information. 物流涉及的是物资和信息有效、快速的流动。
    4. information is key to the success of logistics. 信息是物流成功的关键。
    补充短语
    be divided into... 划分为……
    note
    chapter
    其他服务

 送洗衣物

    送洗衣物
    01 i'd like to have these clothes cleaned and pressed.
    这些衣服需要清洗并熨平。
    解析 ▲ 本句中cleaned and pressed为宾语补足语，英语中可作宾补的大致包括：不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等。如 saw her cheating中的cheating和find keeping this promise extremely difficult中的difficult。
    学学这样说
    1. i want to have two coats washed. 我想洗两件外套。
    2. i want to have it dry-cleaned. 我想把它干洗一下。
    3. we'll dry-clean the dress. 我们将干洗这条裙子。
    4. this sweater need to be washed by hand in cold water. 这件毛衣要用冷水手洗。
    应用对话
    shop assistant: can i help you?
    steven: yes. i'd like this shirt to be dry-cleaned.
    shop assistant: sure. when do you want to get it back?
    steven: i need to wear it this afternoon.
    店员：有什么我能帮你的吗？
    史蒂文：是的，我想把这件衬衫干洗一下。
    店员：好的。你想什么时候取衣服？
    史蒂文：我今天下午要穿。
    02 after washing them in soapy water, they will rinse the clothes thoroughly.
    衣服在肥皂水里洗过之后，他们会用清水彻底漂干净的。
    常用单词
    soapy ['s??p?] adj. 含有肥皂的
    rinse [r?ns] v. 冲洗掉，漂净
    学学这样说
    1. these ink stains can't be removed. 这些墨水污渍洗不掉。
    2. can woolens be dry-cleaned? 毛料衣服能干洗吗？
    3. will the color fade in the wash? 洗衣时会掉色吗？
    4. we'll stitch the lining before washing. 我们会在洗之前把内衬缝好。
    5. the laundry did my shirts up. 洗衣店把我的衬衫洗烫好了。
    6. what if there is any laundry damage? 如果你们洗衣服时损坏了衣服怎么办？
    7. the laundry's main function has become providing mending, tailoring as well as dry-cleaning services. 洗衣店的主要功能已经变成提供缝补、裁剪和干洗服务。
    补充短语
    do up 整修，扣好，打扮
    what if 要是……怎么办
    03 please tell us or notify in the list whether you need your clothes ironed.
    请告诉我们或在洗衣单上写明您的衣服是否需要熨烫。
    解析 ▲ notify意为“通知，告知”，其名词形式为notification，如：please give us some notification if you have changed your mind.（如果你已经改变主意，请告知我们。）
    学学这样说
    1. if you have any clothes to wash, please just put them in the laundry bag.
    如果您有衣服要洗，请放在洗衣袋里。
    2. put your laundry in the paper bag and write down the contents on it.
    将你需要洗的衣服放在纸袋中，并将衣物内容写下来。
    3. anything else that you want to wash? 您还有别的东西要洗吗？
    4. could you fill out the laundry form, please? 请您填一下洗衣单，好吗？
    5. would you like express service or same-day? 您是要快洗服务还是当日取？
    6. please bring your laundry form with you when collecting your laundry.
    来取衣物时请带好洗衣单。
    7. have you remembered the number of your laundry form?
    您还记得洗衣单上的编号吗？
    8. since you can't find your laundry form, you must show your identity card.
    既然您已找不到洗衣单，就得出示您的身份证。
    补充短语
    identity card 身份证
    04 i'd like to have my laundry back by 9 o'clock this evening.
    我今晚9点之前需要取回洗好的衣物。
    常用单词
    laundry ['l?:ndr?] n. 洗好的衣服
    back [b?k] adv. 向后地，回来
    学学这样说
    1. could you send someone up for my laundry? 你们能派人来收要洗的衣服吗？
    2. will the clothes be ready tomorrow? 明天是否能洗好？
    3. when does the wash come back from the laundry?
    送到洗衣店的衣服什么时候取回来？
    4. when can i have my laundry back? 我何时能取回洗好的衣服呢？
    5. there is no laundry service on sundays. 周日洗衣店不提供服务。
    应用对话
    steven: do you have an urgent service? i'd like to have my laundry back by 9 o'clock this evening.
    shop assistant: yes, but we charge 50% more and it only takes three hours.
    史蒂文：你们这儿能不能提供加急服务？我今晚9点之前需要取回洗好的衣物。
    店员：有，但是要加收50%的费用，3个小时就洗好了。
    05 i tied up my underclothes very carefully before sending them to the laundry.
    在送洗衣店之前，我把内衣很仔细地捆扎起来。
    解析 ▲ tie up此处指“（用线或绳）固定，扎牢，捆紧”，该短语的被动形式be tied up则指“很忙”，如：i'm tied up right now, so go by yourself.（我现在很忙，所以你自己去吧。）
    常用单词
    underclothes ['?nd?'kl??z] n. 内衣，贴身衣物
    carefully ['ke?f?l?] adv. 小心地
    学学这样说
    1. send it to the laundry, but don't dry-clean it. 把它送到洗衣店去吧，但是别干洗。
    2. she bundled dirty clothes for the laundry. 她将脏衣服捆起来送到洗衣店去洗。
    3. you can send this expensive sweater to the cleaners.
    你可以把这件昂贵的毛衣送到洗衣店去。
    4. i usually go to the laundromat down the street.
    我经常去这条街上的自助洗衣店洗衣服。
    5. my mother had never done any laundry in the washhouse in her life!
    我妈妈一辈子从来没有到洗衣店洗过衣服！

 拍照合影

    拍照合影
    01 hold still for a moment while i am taking your photograph.
    我给你拍照的那一刹那，你不要动。
    解析 ▲ hold still意为“静止不动，别动”，此时hold指“使（身体部位）保持（某种姿势）”，still作副词，指“静止地”。
    学学这样说
    1. shall i take your picture? 我可以帮您照相吗？
    2. which quality do you prefer, ordinary or artistic? 你要拍普通照还是艺术照？
    3. is it all right to take pictures? 可以照相吗？
    4. would you please pose for your picture? 请你摆好姿势准备拍照，好吗？
    5. smile naturally please while i am taking your photograph.
    我给你拍照时请笑得自然些。
    补充短语
    take pictures 照相
    02 please press the button on the top of the camera.
    请按一下相机上面的按钮。
    语法tips
    祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等，句子用一般现在时，其主语为第二人称you，一般都予以省略。
    常用单词
    button ['b?tn] n. 按钮，纽扣
    学学这样说
    1. don't obstruct the lens with your fingers. 别用手指遮住镜头。
    2. will you get the painting in the background? 你把这幅画当背景，好吗？
    3. you can take pictures by pressing the shutter. 按下快门，你就可以照相了。
    4. there's a built-in flash device in this camera. 这架照相机有一个内置闪光灯。
    5. the camera has a zoom function. 这个照相机有一个变焦功能。
    03 the problem about the instant camera lies in the lack of negative.
    拍即得相机的问题在于没有底片。
    解析 ▲ lie in意为“在于，位于”，lie在此处指“存在，在于”，其过去式为lay，而当lie作“说谎”讲时，其过去式为lied。
    语法tips
    lack的相关表达有：lack sth（lack作及物动词），be lacking in（lacking为形容词，指“缺少的，不足的”）。此外，lack作名词时，可以构成a lack of结构。
    学学这样说
    1. his camera strap has broken. 他的照相机带子断了。
    2. the image was out of focus. 这影像的焦距没调好。
    04 she adjusted the shutter before taking a photo.
    在照相前，她调整了快门。
    常用单词
    adjust [?'d??st] v. 调整，校准
    shutter ['??t?(r)] n. 快门
    学学这样说
    1. the sun was not shining when she took the photo. 她照那张相时没有阳光。
    2. the photographer posed us before taking the picture.
    摄影师在照相前先让我们摆好姿势。
    3. they lined up side by side for the photograph. 他们并肩排成队，准备照相。
    4. i stood in various poses while i was photographed. 我照相时摆出了各种姿势。
    补充短语
    line up 排成一行，排队等候
    side by side 肩并肩地，相互支持
    05 in the photographer's, studio cameras are used.
    照相馆里用的是专用相机。
    语法tips
    对于's形式的名词所有格，如果's后的名词表示商店、住宅等地点，该名词往往可省略，如the doctor's（诊所），the butcher's（肉店），the hairdresser's（理发店）等。
    常用单词
    photographer [f?'t?gr?f?(r)] n. 摄影师，照相师
    studio ['stju:d???] n. 演播室，工作室
    学学这样说
    1. jim is an excellent photographer. 吉姆是个出色的摄影师。
    2. he is an amateur photographer. 他是个业余摄影爱好者。
    3. he is the senior cameraman in this photo studio. 他是这家影楼的高级摄像师。
    4. photo studios for pets also do very good business.
    照相馆为宠物拍照，生意也不错。
    5. it's said that this photo studio applies new technology to make an instantaneous photograph possible. 据说这家照相馆应用新技术，以使快照成为可能。
    06 i'll snap the boy when he is running to me.
    我要在这孩子朝我跑过来时，给他抓拍一张。
    解析 ▲ snap sb/sth指“给……拍照”，此外snap one's fingers意为“打响指”，snap at sb指“恶声恶气地说，声色俱厉地说”，如：i'm sorry to have snapped at you like that yesterday.（我对昨天跟你恶狠狠地谈话道歉。）
    学学这样说
    1. i'd like to have a photo with my brother. 我想和我弟弟合影。
    2. they go to the photo studio to have their photo taken. 他们到照相馆去照相。
    3. how about going to take some photos together? 一起去照相怎么样？
    4. you just need a simple makeup. 你化淡妆就行了。
    07 the photograph didn't come out at all.
    这张照片根本没拍出来。
    解析 ▲ come out是一个动词词组，意思是“出来，出现”。可以单独使用，后面不加宾语。
    语法tips
    at all常用来加强语气：1）否定句中，意为“根本不，一点不”。2）疑问句中，意为“到底，究竟”，如：do you like him at all?（你到底喜欢他吗？）3）条件句中，指“既然，倘若”，如：if you want to do it at all, try your best.（既然你想做它，那就尽全力去做。）
    学学这样说
    1. your photos look faint. 你的照片色彩很淡。
    2. your photo is blurred. 你的照片不清晰。
    3. this photo has done you justice. 这张照片同你本人很像。
    4. the subject in the photo is distorted. 照片里的景物变形了。
    5. the photograph is really well taken. 这张照片拍得真好。
    6. you photograph well. 你很上相。

 手表维修

    手表维修
    01 there must be something wrong with the works.
    肯定是机械装置出故障了。
    解析 ▲ the works在此处指“机械的可动部件”，此外works可作集合名词，指“工厂”，如a steel/cement works（钢厂╱水泥厂）。
    学学这样说
    1. i forgot to wind my watch up. 我忘记给手表上发条了。
    2. the watch's battery is worn down. 手表电池没电了。
    3. her watch got wet when she was washing clothes yesterday.
    她昨天洗衣服时，手表进水了。
    4. i broke his wristwatch. 我把他的手表弄坏了。
    补充短语
    wind up 上紧发条，使结束
    wear down 磨损，损耗，使疲劳
    02 the watch must have stopped several hours ago.
    手表肯定几个小时前就停了。
    解析 ▲ must have done表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，指“一定，肯定”。而表示对过去发生事情的否定推测并非是在must后加not，而是couldn't have done。
    学学这样说
    1. her watch has run down and needs repairing. 她的手表停了，需要修理了。
    2. i never know the right time because my watch is inaccurate.
    因为我的表不准，所以我从来不知道准确的时间。
    3. it seemed my watch didn't keep good time. 我的表似乎不准。
    4. my watch is faster than the standard. 我的表走快了。
    补充短语
    run down （机器或设备等）逐渐损耗，效能降低
    keep good time （钟、表）走得准
    03 you'd better do something about your watch.
    你最好修修你的表。
    解析 ▲ do something about此处指“修理，修整一下”，此外该词组还可以表达“想法子；想办法处理”的意思，如：do something about it. don't just stand there.（想想招儿吧，别只是站在那里。）
    学学这样说
    1. i'll get my watch repaired tomorrow. 明天我要去修表。
    2. he has someone repair his watch. 他让人给他修表。
    3. can you repair the watch for me tomorrow? 你明天能帮我把表修好吗？
    4. he needs to find a watch shop. 他需要找个钟表店。
    随机测验
    he had to spend some money again ______ his watch repaired.
    a. having b. have c. had d. to have
    翻译
    他又要花些钱去修表了。
    答案：a
    提示：本题考查spend... (in) doing sth这一固定用法，因此答案为a项。
    04 i don't think i can mend this watch.
    我觉得我修不好这块表。
    语法tips
    在主句主语为第一人称，主句谓语为think，believe，suppose，imagine等的主从复合句中，若宾语从句表示否定意义，往往将从句的not移到主句谓语之前。但翻译成汉语时，则译为“我认为……没有……”，如：i don't think he is telling the truth（我觉得他没有说实话）.
    学学这样说
    1. i fixed it! 我修好了！
    2. i'm just mucking about this old watch. 我只是胡乱摆弄这块旧表而已。
    3. it's easy for you to repair the watch. 修这块表对你来说很容易。
    4. i have to remove the backing to check the watch. 我要把后壳打开检查一下手表。
    5. how i wish i hadn't tried to repair the watch! 我多么希望我从来没有试着去修这块表！
    补充短语
    muck about 摆弄，闲荡，激怒
    05 the old watch is too worn to be mended.
    这只旧手表磨损得太厉害，不能修理了。
    解析 ▲ “too+adj./adv.+to do”结构意为“太……而不能……”，该结构可以与so...that...互换，因此该句可改为：the old watch is so worn that it can't be mended.
    学学这样说
    1. he detached the chain from my watch and fixed a new one for it.
    他把表链拆下来给我换了个新的。
    2. the broken parts i have replaced are aluminum ones. 被换掉的破零件是铝制零件。
    3. the works of these watches are all home-produced and wear well.
    这些手表的零件都是国内制造的，性能良好。
    4. he learned all repairing skills in merely twenty days.
    他仅用20天就学会了全部的修理技术。
    5. the young man is very skilled at repairing clocks and watches.
    那个年轻人十分擅长修理钟表。
    补充短语
    be skilled at 擅长……
    06 that so-and-so who mended my watch charged me ￡20!
    那个给我修表的家伙居然要价20英镑！
    解析 ▲ so-and-so此处用来描述令人讨厌的人或愚蠢的人，即“讨厌鬼，笨蛋”；此外，soand-so还可以用来泛指“某人/某物”。
    常用单词
    mend [mend] v. 修理，修补
    watch [w?t?] n. 手表；v. 观看
    学学这样说
    1. she had her watch mended in the exclusive shop. 她在专卖店里修的表。
    2. i forgot to set the time on your watch. 我忘了帮您调整手表的时间了。
    3. their usual price for repair is 15 us dollars. 他们通常的修理费是15美元。
    4. the man charged me us$2 for mending the watch. 那个人要了我2美元修表费。
    note

 相识问候

    相识问候
    01 how are you getting along recently?
    你最近怎么样？
    解析 ▲ get along是一个动词词组，可以单独使用，意思是“进展，继续前进”。get along后面也可以加上介词with，构成get along with，意思是“与……相处”。
    学学这样说
    1. how is it going? 近况如何？
    2. how goes it with you? 你还好吗？
    3. how are you doing these days? 这些天你好吗？
    4. how have you been recently? 你最近怎么样？
    5. what's going on? 近况如何？
    6. how are you getting on? 你最近怎么样？
    补充短语
    get on 进展
    02 how is your family?
    你家里人怎么样？
    解析 ▲ family是集体名词，指的是“家庭成员”。在句子中，如果family强调的是整个家庭，与之相应的谓语动词或者be动词用单数，反之用复数。
    学学这样说
    1. how are you? 你好吗？
    2. how is everything? 一切都好吗？
    3. how is everything going? 一切都好吗？
    4. how is everything with you? 一切可好？
    5. how is your business doing? 你的生意好吗？
    6. everything is fine. thanks for your concern. 一切都好，谢谢。
    应用对话
    tom: how is your family?
    steven: pretty fine, thanks.
    汤姆：你家里人怎么样？
    史蒂文：相当好，谢谢你。
    03 you are in a mood today.
    你今天看起来心情不好。
    解析 ▲ be in a mood意思是“心情不好，在生气”，一般用在口语中。可以在mood前加上形容词，构成不同的词组，如be in a merry mood（心情愉快）。
    学学这样说
    1. how do you feel today? 你今天觉得怎样？
    2. how come you look so tired? 你怎么看起来这么疲倦？
    3. why are you in such a good mood? 你怎么心情这么好？
    4. you look under the weather today. 你今天好像不舒服。
    5. you look better than ever. 你看起来不错。
    6. you don't look well. 你看起来不太好。
    7. you haven't changed a bit. 你一点也没有变。
    补充短语
    under the weather 心情不好
    be in a good mood 心情好
    04 what a coincidence to meet you here!
    在这里遇见你真巧啊！
    语法tips
    what a coincidence to后面跟动词原形，表示“做某事是巧合”。
    学学这样说
    1. it's been a long time. 好久不见。
    2. haven't seen you for a long time. 好久不见。
    3. what a coincidence! 真巧啊！
    4. how lucky to see you here! 在这遇到你真是幸运。
    随机测验
    we ______ for ages.
    a. didn't meet b. haven't met c. don't meet d. haven't been meeting
    翻译
    翻译：我们好久没见了。
    答案：b
    提示：for ages通常与现在完成时态连用。
    05 i'm just a little tired.
    我只是有点累了。
    语法tips
    a little在句中充当副词，表示“有点，一点”，一般用来修饰形容词或者副词。
    学学这样说
    1. i am doing well. 我还好。
    2. i'm in high spirits these days. 这些天我的心情一直很好。
    3. i am in a bad temper today. 我今天心情不好。
    4. i'm out of form today. 我今天精神不好。
    5. my luck is on the ebb recently. 最近我的运气不好。
    应用对话
    tom: not bad. what about you?
    steven: i'm just a little tired.
    汤姆：还行，你呢？
    史蒂文：我只是有点儿累。
    06 what have you been up to?
    最近忙什么呢？
    解析 ▲ be up to意思是“忙于，从事”，to后面跟名词、代词或者v-ing形式。
    学学这样说
    1. what's happening? 发生什么了？
    2. what is taking place? 发生什么了？
    3. what are you doing these days? 你最近忙什么呢？
    4. what have you been busy with recently? 最近你在忙什么呢？
    5. what has kept you so busy these days? 这些天你在忙什么？
    补充短语
    these days 这些天
    07 can you introduce her to me?
    你能把她介绍给我认识吗？
    语法tips
    introduce...to sb 的意思是“把……介绍给某人认识”，to是介词，后面跟人称代词时，要用宾格形式。
    学学这样说
    1. jane, have you met tom? 简，你见过汤姆吗？
    2. tim, this is mike. 蒂姆，这是迈克。
    3. do you know each other? 你们两个认识吗？
    4. have you two been introduced? 你们被介绍过了吗？
    5. do you know the girl in red? 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩吗？
    应用对话
    steven: can you introduce her to me?
    annie: of course. hello, julia, this is steven.
    史蒂文：你能介绍她给我认识吗？
    安妮：当然。你好，茱莉娅，这是史蒂文。
    08 i'm glad to meet you here.
    认识你我很高兴。
    解析 ▲ be glad to后面跟动词原形，表示“很乐意做某事”，相当于be pleased to do sth。
    学学这样说
    1. nice to meet you. 认识你很高兴。
    2. i'm very delighted to meet you. 认识你我觉得非常高兴。
    3. it's a privilege to know you. 认识您是我的荣幸。
    4. it's an honor to know you. 认识您是我的荣幸。
    补充短语
    be delighted to 高兴……
    09 come and say hi to my parents.
    过来和我父母打个招呼。
    解析 ▲ say hi to意思是“跟……打招呼”，to是介词，后面跟表示人的名词、代词，相当于say hello to。
    学学这样说
    1. this is my brother, thomas. 这是我哥哥，托马斯。
    2. i'd like to introduce you to my boss. 我想把你介绍给我的老板。
    3. i'd like you to meet my friend tom. 我要给你介绍我的朋友汤姆。
    4. john is the guy i was telling you about. 约翰就是我要给你介绍的人。
    5. let me introduce our guest of honor, mr. morris. 让我来介绍我们的贵宾，莫里斯先生。
    补充短语
    guest of honor 贵宾
    10 allow me to introduce myself.
    允许我介绍一下我自己。
    语法tips
    allow是动词，意思是“允许”，表示“允许某人做某事”时，要用allow sb to do sth。
    常用单詞
    myself [ma?'self] pron. 我自己，亲自
    学学这样说
    1. may i introduce myself? 我可以介绍一下我自己吗？
    2. let me introduce myself. 我来做个自我介绍。
    3. my name's andy smith. 我的名字叫安迪·史密斯。
    4. you can call me andy. 你们可以叫我安迪。
    11 i hope our acquaintance would develop further.
    我希望我们会进一步了解彼此。
    常用单词
    acquaintance [?'kwe?nt?ns] n. 相识的人，相识，了解
    学学这样说
    1. i've heard so much about you. 我听说了很多关于你的事。
    2. helen has told me much about you. 海伦对我讲了好多关于你的事。
    3. how can i contact you? 我怎么联系你？
    4. may i have your telephone number and email address?
    能留下你的电话号码和邮箱地址吗？
    补充短语
    telephone number 电话号码
    email address 电子邮箱地址
    12 you should shake hands with her when you first see her.
    当你第一次见到她的时候要和她握手。
    解析 ▲ shake hands with是一个动词词组，意思是“和……握手”，with后面跟表示人的名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. he came towards me, smiled and offered his hand.
    他向我走来，微笑着伸出手来和我握手。
    2. handshake is a gesture of friendship. 握手是一种友好的表示。
    3. the best manner of handshake is firm but gentle.
    最好的握手方式应该是坚定而不失文雅的。
    4. i even forgot that he was waiting to shake hands with me.
    我甚至没有意识到他正等着与我握手。
    5. i never know when to shake hands and when not to.
    我不知道在什么时候该握手，什么时候不该握手。
    补充短语
    a gesture of friendship 友好的表示
    13 i made the acquaintance of several musicians around that time.
    大约在那段时间，我结识了几位音乐家。
    解析 ▲ make the acquaintance of是一个动词词组，意思是“结识，认识”，of是介词，后面跟表示人的名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. we got acquainted at the conference. 我们在那次会议上相识了。
    2. you should get out and meet new people. 你应该走出去结识新的朋友。
    3. he got off with a pretty girl in the exhibition. 他在展览会上结识了一位美丽的女孩。
    4. don't miss any opportunity to meet someone new. 不要失去任何结识新朋友的机会。
    5. clair has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. 克莱尔交友很广。
    补充短语
    get acquainted 相识
    get off with 结识

 保持联络

    保持联络
    01 what's the way you keep in contact?
    你们是通过什么方式联系的？
    解析 ▲ keep in contact是动词词组，可以单独使用，表示“保持联系”。后面也可以加介词with，表示“跟……保持联系”。
    学学这样说
    1. do you often contact your parents? 您经常和父母联络吗？
    2. have you kept in contact with your friends from college?
    你和大学里的朋友还保持联系吗？
    3. are you still in touch with your friends from college? 你和大学里的朋友还联系吗？
    4. how do you keep in touch with your aunt in america?
    你怎么和你美国的姑姑保持联系？
    应用对话
    tom: what's the way you keep in contact?
    steven: we contact through email.
    汤姆：你们是通过什么方式保持联系的？
    史蒂文：通过电子邮件。
    02 although i am leaving, i promise to keep in contact.
    虽然我就要离开了，但是我保证会保持联系的。
    语法tips
    promise意思是“承诺”，可以作名词，也可以作动词。作动词时，后面一般跟动词不定式，表示“保证会做某事”。
    学学这样说
    1. i don't have much contact with my uncle. 我和叔叔很少联系。
    2. we had an amicable divorce and remained in contact.
    我们最终友好分手，至今仍保持联系。
    3. i hope we can keep in touch. 希望我们能保持联络。
    4. we still stay in touch with each other. 现在我们仍然保持联系。
    5. they kept in daily contact. 他们保持日常的联系。
    补充短语
    have contact with 与……有联系
    keep in touch 保持联络
    03 anyway, i'll contact you within this month.
    不管怎样，我本月内将与你联系。
    解析 ▲ within是介词，后面通常跟上表示一段时间的名词，构成介词词组，表示“在……之内，在……期间”，该词组一般在句中作时间状语。
    常用单字
    anyway [''en?we?] adv. 无论如何，不管怎么样
    contact ['k?nt?kt] v. 使接触，与……联系
    学学这样说
    1. she contacted me as soon as she arrived. 她刚到就和我联系了。
    2. i have a useful contact in new york. 我在纽约有个有用的联系人。
    3. father finally got in touch with his brother in china.
    父亲终于与中国的弟弟联络上了。
    4. have you contacted them about the package, sir?
    先生，您和他们联络过包裹的事了吗？
    5. our manager was anxious to get in touch with your representative.
    我们经理急着跟你们的业务代表联络。
    6. we agreed to contact again as soon as possible. 我们同意尽快再次联系。
    04 how can i get in touch with you?
    我怎样能跟你联络上？
    解析 ▲ get in touch with是一个动词词组，意思是“跟……联络”，with后面跟表示人的名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. how can i contact you? 我如何跟你联系？
    2. how can i reach you? 我怎么跟你联系？
    3. here is the way to contact us. 这是我们的联系方式。
    4. do you mind telling me your address so that we can contact you later on?
    你方便告诉我你的联系方式吗？以便我们以后联系你。
    补充短语
    later on 稍后
    05 we tried to reach them by fax.
    我们试着用传真跟他们联络。
    语法tips
    try to do sth表示“试着去做某事”，强调尽力或设法去做；try doing sth也表示“试着做某事”，但强调尝试去做。
    学学这样说
    1. i will contact him through/via telephone. 我将通过电话和他联系。
    2. now we stay in touch through email. 现在我们用电子邮件保持联络。
    3. email is not always the best form of contact. 电子邮件并不总是最佳的联系方式。
    应用对话
    tom: email is not always the best form of contact. i think making calls is better.
    steven: your words sound a bit reasonable. but don't forget time difference.
    汤姆：电子邮件并不总是最佳的联系方式。我觉得打电话更好。
    史蒂文：你的话听起来有些道理，但你不要忘记了时差问题。
    06 she's lost contact with her son.
    她跟儿子失去了联系。
    解析 ▲ lose contact with是一个动词词组，意思是“与……失去联系”。其中的with是介词，后面跟表示人的名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. he was cut off from his fellows. 他和同伴失去了联系。
    2. we lost contact with him because of storm. 因为暴风雨，我们和他联系不上了。
    3. i guess he can not get through by phone now. 我估计现在电话联系不上他了。
    4. we telephoned mary, but she was out of reach.
    我们打电话给玛丽，可联系不上她。
    5. i'm unable to contact my trading partner through email.
    我用电子邮件和我的生意伙伴联系不上。
    补充短语
    cut off from 隔绝，断绝来往
    be out of reach 不在服务区，够不着，失去联系
    trading partner 贸易伙伴，合作伙伴
    07 he cut himself off from all contacts.
    他断绝了与所有人的联系。
    解析 ▲ cut oneself off from是一个动词词组，意思是“与……断绝联系”。其中的from是介词，后面跟表示人的名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. he was cut off from all his fellows when he studied abroad.
    当他在国外学习时，与所有的朋友都断绝了联系。
    2. i've been out of touch with them for years. 我和他们失去联系已有多年了。
    3. if we don't write often, we will lose touch. 如果不经常写信，我们就会失去联系。
    4. after that year, they drifted out of touch.
    那年以后，他们各自漂泊，互相失去了联系。
    5. he tried in vain to get into contact with the local branch.
    他试图与当地分部取得联络，但没有成功。
    补充短语
    get into touch with 与……取得联系

 邀请道别

    邀请道别
    01 do you have any plans for this evening?
    你今晚有安排吗？
    常用单词
    plan [pl?n] n. 计划，打算
    evening ['i:vn??] n. 傍晚，黄昏
    学学这样说
    1. are you free this weekend? 这个周末你有空吗？
    2. how about having dinner together? 一起吃饭好吗？
    3. are you busy this afternoon? 今天下午你忙吗？
    4. how about having dinner with me? 和我一起吃晚饭，好吗？
    5. do you feel like going to that new restaurant this evening?
    今天晚上你愿意去那个新开的饭店吃饭吗？
    6. would you like to climb with us? 你要不要跟我们一起去爬山？
    应用对话
    steven: hello, tom! do you have any plans for this evening?
    tom: nothing special.
    史蒂文：你好，汤姆。你今晚有安排吗？
    汤姆：没有什么特别的安排。
    02 we would like to invite you to the ceremony.
    我们想邀请你参加典礼。
    常用单词
    invite [?n'va?t] v. 邀请，请求，招致
    ceremony ['ser?m?n?] n. 典礼，礼仪
    学学这样说
    1. let's go out for a drink. 我们出去喝一杯吧。
    2. we'd like to share the table with you. 我们想和你一起吃饭。
    3. you must join us for supper. 你一定要和我们一起吃晚饭。
    4. i've invited the smiths for drinks next friday.
    我已邀请史密斯一家下周五来家中小酌。
    03 we should be so honored if you could come.
    如蒙光临，不胜荣幸。
    语法tips
    该句使用了虚拟语气，条件从句与主句中的谓语动词都可以用would/should/could+动词原形。
    学学这样说
    1. i hope you can come. 我希望你能来。
    2. i am wondering if you would like to come over for lunch tomorrow.
    我想知道你明天是否愿意过来共进午餐。
    3. we invite our family and friends to our house. 我们邀请家人和朋友来我们家。
    4. i should be honored if you were able to come to the banquet.
    如果你能参加这个宴会，我将倍感荣幸。
    补充短语
    come over for 去参加……
    04 how about a rain check?
    下次怎么样？
    语法tips
    rain check出自网球比赛，意为“改日，延期”。在以前的时候，遇到下雨，网球比赛会被中断，买票的观众凭票换取一张rain check，凭借此票，他们可以在以后看一场和该场比赛相同级别的比赛。
    学学这样说
    1. no, nothing special. 没有，没有什么特别的。
    2. i am sorry, but i have to work. 抱歉，我得工作。
    3. sorry, i'm tied up. 真对不起，我另有安排。
    4. let's do it another time. 我们再找时间吧。
    5. some other time. 再找其他时间吧。
    补充短语
    be tied up 很忙
    another time 另一次
    05 i would love to. and when?
    非常愿意。什么时候？
    语法tips
    此句是一个省略句，love to后面省略了动词。
    学学这样说
    1. sounds great! 太好了！
    2. i appreciate your invitation. 感谢你的邀请。
    3. they are very delighted to accept the invitation. 他们非常乐意接受邀请。
    4. it is a great honor to be invited to dinner. 能被邀请参加晚宴是很大的荣幸。
    应用对话
    steven: how about having dinner with me?
    tom: that's great. i would love to. and when?
    史蒂文：和我一起吃晚饭如何？
    汤姆：好极了，我非常愿意。什么时候？
    06 i was hesitant about accepting the invitation.
    我对是否接受邀请犹豫不决。
    解析 ▲ be hesitant about意思是“对……犹豫不决”，其中的about是介词，后面跟名词、代词或者v-ing形式。
    学学这样说
    1. we decided not to accept the invitation. 我们决定不接受邀请。
    2. i hesitated about whether to accept the invitation. 我对是否接受邀请犹豫不决。
    3. she jumped at the invitation to go swimming with her sister.
    她欣然接受邀请，跟姐姐一起去游泳。
    4. thanks for your invitation, but i already made plans.
    谢谢你的邀请，可是我有别的安排。
    补充短语
    go swimming with 和……一起去游泳
    07 let's fix a time for meeting.
    让我们约个时间见面吧。
    解析 ▲ fix a time for是一个动词词组，意思是“约定时间……”。其中的for是介词，后面通常跟表示活动、安排、约会、典礼等的名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. can i make an appointment with you? 我可以定一个时间和你见面吗？
    2. where shall i meet you? 我们在哪儿见面？
    3. where shall we meet? 我们在哪儿见面？
    4. shall we make a date to have lunch together? 我们约个时间一起吃午饭好吗？
    08 i have arranged to meet her at ten o'clock.
    我已安排了在10点钟见她。
    语法tips
    o'clock是of the clock的缩写，通常用在表示整点的数字后面。关于o'clock，常用的习语有find what o'clock it is（摸清情况，了解真相）。
    学学这样说
    1. shall i come to pick you up? 要我开车去接你吗？
    2. i've arranged a car to pick them up at the station. 我已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。
    3. i have arranged one of my staff to meet you at the airport.
    我已经安排了一名员工到机场接你。
    4. i was expecting him here at five. 我和他约好了5点在这儿见面的。
    随机测验
    i will ask my brother to pick up you_____6:30.
    a. in b. at c. on d. by
    翻译
    我会让我弟弟在6点半接你。
    答案：b
    提示：在具体的时间前，用介词at。
    09 i come to say goodbye to you, for i'm going back to london.
    我是来向你道别的，因为我就要回伦敦了。
    常用单词
    goodbye ['g?d'ba?] n. 再见
    学学这样说
    1. say goodbye! 说再见吧！
    2. i'd like to say goodbye to you all. 我想向你们大家告别。
    3. say goodbye to mary for me. 代我向玛丽说声再见。
    4. we waved them goodbye. 我们向他们挥手道别。
    应用对话
    steven: hello, hanson. i come to say goodbye to you, for i'm going back tolondon tomorrow.
    hanson: no. couldn't i persuade you to stay a couple of days more?
    史蒂文：你好，汉森。我是来向你道别的，因为我明天就要回伦敦了。
    汉森：不是这么快吧。我难道不能说服你多留几天吗？
    10 my friend gave me his picture as a memento before our departure.
    我的朋友在离别前给了我一张照片留作纪念。
    语法tips
    give sb sth as...意思是“把……作为……送给某人”，其中的give是及物动词，后面可以跟双宾语。
    学学这样说
    1. we've decided to have a farewell party before we leave school.
    我们决定在离开学校前举行一个告别晚会。
    2. the two friends said goodbye and went to their respective homes.
    两个朋友道别后就各自回家了。
    3. she left him after a very nice farewell. 一番非常美好的告别之后，她离开了他。
    4. would you like to give her a farewell party? 你要不要为她举行一个欢送会？
    补充短语
    say goodbye to 向……告别
    a farewell party 欢送会
    11 it's not easy to part with one's children.
    同自己的子女分离是不容易的。
    解析 ▲ part with是动词词组，表示“与……分别”。其中的with是介词，后面跟表示人的名词或者代词。
    语法tips
    it's not easy to do sth表示“做某事不容易”，相当于it's hard to do sth。
    学学这样说
    1. i meant to leave quietly, but your kindness made the parting doubly hard.
    我本想悄悄离去，可你的善意却使分别更加困难了。
    2. as far as i remember, that was our last meeting.
    在我的记忆里，那就是我们最后一次见面了。
    3. they said goodbye, not knowing that they were never to meet again.
    他们互相道别，当时并不知道他们永远不会再见。
    12 taking french leave is not my style.
    不辞而别不是我的风格。
    语法tips
    take french leave源自十八世纪的法国习俗，参加宴会的客人不对主人说一声就自行离去。不过法语中也有“英国式的悄悄离去”的说法。
    学学这样说
    1. i never got the chance to say bye. 我连道别的机会都未曾有过。
    2. how could you leave without saying goodbye? 你怎能不辞而别？
    3. could you please give me a reason why you left without a word?
    请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？
    4. if i were you, i wouldn't go without saying goodbye. 如果我是你，我不会不道别就走。
    补充短语
    leave without a word 不辞而别
    go without saying goodbye 不辞而别
    13 it's a pity that i'm too busy to see you off tomorrow.
    很遗憾我明天太忙，无法给你送行。
    常用单词
    pity ['p?t?] n. 遗憾，可惜
    学学这样说
    1. we all went to the airport to see her off. 我们都去机场为她送行了。
    2. she sent him off in high spirits. 她兴高采烈地为他送行。
    3. please give my best regards to your sister. 请向你的姐姐转达我的问候。
    4. take care of yourself and don't forget to keep in touch.
    自己保重，不要忘了常联系。
    应用对话
    hanson: it's a pity that i'm too busy to see you off tomorrow.
    steven: it doesn't matter.
    汉森：很遗憾我明天太忙，无法给你送行。
    史蒂文：没关系。
    14 take care of your body.
    保重身体。
    解析 ▲ take care of是一个动词词组，表示“注意，保重”。of是介词，后面跟名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. take care! 保重！
    2. i wish you a very good journey. 祝你一路顺风。
    3. see you later. 回头见。
    4. see you tomorrow. 明天见。
    5. i will miss you. 我会想你的。
    6. goodbye and have a good flight. 再见，祝你一路顺风。
    应用对话
    hanson: goodbye and have a good flight.
    steven: thank you. goodbye！
    汉森：再见，祝你一路顺风。
    史蒂文：谢谢你，再见！

 求助致谢

    求助致谢
    01 could you do me a favor？
    你能帮我个忙吗？
    语法tips
    do sb a favor意思是“帮助某人”，相当于help sb。其中的sb是代词时，要用宾格形式。另外，favor也可以写作favour。
    学学这样说
    1. do you mind if i ask you a favor? 我可以请您帮个忙吗？
    2. would you please help me? 你可以帮我个忙吗？
    3. could you help me out? 您可以帮助我吗？
    4. would you mind giving me a hand? 我可以请你帮个忙吗？
    5. can i ask you a favor? 我想求你件事行吗？
    6. may i ask a favor of you? 我想求你帮个忙可以吗？
    应用对话
    george: hello, steven. could you do me a favor?
    steven: sure. what is it?
    乔治：你好，史蒂文。你能帮我个忙吗？
    史蒂文：当然。什么事？
    02 i'd be happy to.
    我很乐意。
    解析 ▲ be happy to意思是“很乐意，很高兴”。后面一般跟动词原形，构成be happy to do sth，意思是“乐意做某事”。
    常用单字
    happy ['h?p?] adj. 幸福的，快乐的
    学学这样说
    1. go ahead. 开始吧。
    2. sure. what is it? 当然。什么事？
    3. sorry, i'm busy. 对不起，我很忙。
    4. i'll be glad to. 我乐意。
    5. with pleasure. 乐意效劳。
    6. no problem. 没问题。
    7. sure. here you are. 好的，给你。
    03 would you drive me to the store?
    您能开车送我到那家店吗？
    解析 ▲ drive sb to意思是“开车送某人去”，其中的to是介词，后面要跟表示地点的名词或者名词词组。
    语法tips
    would是情态动词，要跟动词原形连用，所以句中的动词drive用原形。
    学学这样说
    1. could you help me with this form? 您能帮我填一下这张表吗？
    2. may i borrow your pen? 能借用一下你的钢笔吗？
    3. may i use your pen? 能借用一下你的钢笔吗？
    4. would you do me a favor and phone me? 你能否帮个忙给我打个电话？
    5. could you pass the sugar, please? 请您把糖拿过来行吗？
    6. could i have the sugar, please? 请把糖拿过来行吗？
    7. could you hand me the sugar, please? 请把糖递给我行吗？
    8. could you lend me a book? 能借给我一本书吗？
    04 he wants to call the garage for help.
    他想给修车厂打电话求助。
    常用单词
    garage [''g?rɑ:?] n. 车库，修车厂
    学学这样说
    1. whenever he is in trouble, he turns to his teacher.
    每当他遇到困难时，他就向老师求助。
    2. this is the time to ask for outside assistance. 现在是向外界寻求帮助的时候了。
    3. we had to come here to seek assistance. 我们只好来到这里寻求帮助。
    4. you can ask for help whenever you need it. 只要你需要，随时可以求助。
    5. our recourse in illness is to a doctor. 患病时我们求助于医生。
    补充短语
    be in trouble 遇到困难
    05 they had no one to appeal to.
    他们没有人可以求助。
    解析 ▲ appeal to是一个动词词组，意思是“求助于”。其中的to是介词，后面跟表示人的名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. you did me a great favor. 你帮了我一个大忙。
    2. all her appeals for help fell on deaf ears. 她屡屡求助均无人理会。
    3. you should have resorted to your parents. 你本该求助于你的父母。
    4. your only recourse is legal action against them. 你只有求助于法律来对付他们。
    5. you had no recourse. 你没有求助对象。
    补充短语
    resort to 求助于……
    fall on deaf ears 无人理会
    06 you'd better have recourse to her.
    你最好向她求助。
    解析 ▲ have recourse to是一个动词词组，意思是“求助于”。其中的to是介词，后面跟表示人的名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. they always turn to me when they are in trouble.
    他们有困难的时候，总是来找我寻求帮助。
    2. he tackled the knotty problem without recourse to any help.
    他不依靠任何人的帮助而独立处理了这一难题。
    3. my car had stalled and i sought help from passers-by.
    我的车熄火了，我就向路人求助。
    4. if you need any help, press the assistance button.
    如果你需要帮助，可以按求助按钮。
    5. you will have a recourse if you need help.
    如果你需要帮助，可以向求助对象寻求帮助。
    补充短语
    knotty problem 难题
    without recourse to any help 没有求助任何人
    assistance button 求助按钮
    07 if you come across difficulties, don't be afraid or too proud to ask for assistance.
    你如果遇到困难，不要因胆怯或骄傲而不肯向别人求助。
    语法tips
    例句中包含条件从句，条件句中，可以用一般现在时表将来。
    常用单字
    assistance [?'s?st?ns] n. 帮助，援助
    随机测验
    you can turn _____ me if you have any difficulty.
    a. to b. at c. in d. for
    翻译
    你有困难时可以找我帮忙。
    答案：a
    提示：turn to sb的意思是“向某人求助”。
    08 i'm thankful for your help.
    谢谢你的帮助。
    解析 ▲ 例句中be thankful for的意思是“感谢”，相当于be grateful for，其中的for是介词，后面一般跟名词、代词或者名词词组。
    常用单词
    thankful ['θ??kfl] adj. 感谢的，感激的
    学学这样说
    1. thanks for your kindness. 谢谢您的好意。
    2. i appreciate your kindness. 谢谢您的好意。
    3. thank you for the help. 谢谢你的帮助。
    4. thank you for helping me. 谢谢你的帮助。
    5. i appreciate your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
    09 you've been a big help.
    你帮了我大忙了。
    语法tips
    be a big help意思是“帮了大忙了”，一般用在口语中，相当于be a great help。
    常用单词
    help [help] n./v. 帮助
    学学这样说
    1. thank you so much. 非常感谢！
    2. thanks a lot. 非常感谢！
    3. i appreciate it. 我很感激。
    4. that's very nice kind of you. 你人真好！
    5. how kind of you! 你太好了！
    6. you've been very helpful. 你帮了我大忙了。
    10 it's very nice of you.
    您人太好了。
    学学这样说
    1. i can't thank you enough. 我无法表达对您的感谢。
    2. i can't express how grateful i am. 我无法表达对您的感谢。
    3. i'm extremely grateful to you. 我非常感谢您。
    4. i owe you one. 我欠你的情。
    5. i'm much obliged. 万分感谢。
    6. thanks for saying so. 感谢您能这样说。
    补充短语
    be much obliged 万分感谢
    应用对话
    tom: very good. that may be the most delicious food i have ever eaten.
    steven: thanks for saying so.
    汤姆：非常好。那可能是我吃过的最好吃的食物。
    史蒂文：你能这样说，我非常感谢。
    11 i really appreciate you for having invited me.
    我真的很感激你邀请了我。
    常用单词
    really ['ri:?l?] adv. 真正地，事实上
    appreciate [?'pri:??e?t] v. 感激
    学学这样说
    1. thanks for coming all the way over here. 谢谢你一路赶到这里。
    2. thanks for warning me. 谢谢你对我的忠告。
    3. many thanks for your support. 多谢您的支持。
    4. your support is greatly appreciated. 十分感谢你的支持。
    5. please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've done for us.
    承蒙鼎力相助，不胜感激，谨备薄礼，敬请笑纳。
    6. thanks a lot for giving me such an opportunity! 非常感谢给我提供这样一次机会！
    7. our grateful thanks are due to you. 我们衷心感谢你。
    应用对话
    tom: i really appreciate you for having invited me.
    steven: you are welcome. you know, we're old friends.
    汤姆：我真的很感激你邀请了我。
    史蒂文：别客气。咱俩都是老朋友了。
    12 he smiled at them with gratitude.
    他朝他们微笑以示感激。
    解析 ▲ smile at是一个动词词组，意思是“对着……微笑”。其中的at是介词，后面通常跟名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. the boss did nothing to show his thanks. 老板没有做任何事来表达他的谢意。
    2. in his speech, he thanked everyone for all their hard work.
    他在讲话中感谢了大家的努力工作。
    3. she murmured her thanks. 她低声道谢。
    4. she took the money without so much as a thank you. 她接过钱，连声谢谢都没说。
    5. he did so out of gratitude. 他是出于感激才这么做的。
    6. they sent us a grateful letter. 他们给我们寄来了一封感谢信。
    补充短语
    out of gratitude 出于感激
    a grateful letter 一封感谢信
    13 here i would like to thank you on behalf of my team members!
    在此我代表我的小组成员向你们致谢！
    解析 ▲ on behalf of是一个介词词组，意思是“代表”。其中的of是介词，后面跟名词、代词。
    学学这样说
    1. we are sending you some gifts for your help. 我们将送些礼物以感谢你的帮助。
    2. these flowers are a small token of my gratitude. 谨以此花聊表我的谢意。
    3. we want to express our gratitude. 我们想要表达我们的谢意。
    4. thank you for any information you will give us.
    恳请提供资料给我们，谨此先向您致谢！
    5. please convey my gratitude to her. 请向她转达我的谢意。
    补充短语
    be a small token of 聊表……
    14 there's no need to thank me—it's my pleasure.
    不必谢我，我乐意效劳。
    语法tips
    there's no need to意思是“没有必要……”，后面要跟动词原形，就相当于it's needless to。
    常用单词
    pleasure ['ple??(r)] n. 娱乐，愉快
    随机测验
    a: thank you for lending your phone to me!
    b: ______
    a. you're welcome. b. it doesn't matter.
    c. no problem. d. with pleasure!
    翻译
    a：谢谢你把电话借给我。
    b：别客气。
    答案：a
    提示：别人向自己致谢时，要用you're welcome（别客气）作答。

 争执道歉

    争执道歉
    01 i don't want to see your face!
    我不想看见你！
    语法tips
    want是动词，意思是“想要，希望”。表示“想要做某事时”，后面要跟动词不定式，即 want to do sth。
    学学这样说
    1. get out of my face. 从我面前消失！
    2. get away from me! 从我面前消失！
    3. get out of my life. 从我生命中消失！
    4. leave me alone. 走开。
    补充短语
    get away from 远离……
    get out of 远离……
    02 don't waste my time anymore.
    别再浪费我的时间了！
    语法tips
    该句是一个否定祈使句，don't后面要跟动词原形。
    常用单词
    waste [we?st] v./n. 浪费
    anymore ['en?m?:] adv. 再也不
    学学这样说
    1. enough! 够了！
    2. don't bother me. 别烦我。
    3. don't touch me! 别碰我！
    4. i never want to see your face again! 我再也不想见到你！
    5. you make me sick! 你让我恶心！
    03 i'm about to explode!
    我要气死了。
    常用单词
    explode [?k'spl??d] v. 爆发，激增，爆炸
    学学这样说
    1. you piss me off. 你气死我了。
    2. you make me so mad. 你气死我了。
    3. i hate you! 我讨厌你！
    4. are you insane? 你疯了吗？
    5. are you crazy? 你疯了吗？
    6. are you out of your mind? 你疯了吗？
    补充短语
    piss off 使……讨厌
    be out of one's mind 疯了
    04 you're nothing to me.
    你对我来说什么都不是。
    解析 ▲ be nothing to意思是“什么都不是”，其中的to是介词，后面跟名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. shut up! 闭嘴！
    2. how dare you! 你敢！
    3. cut it out. 省省吧。
    4. get off my back. 不要烦我了。
    5. how can you say that? 你怎么可以那样说？
    6. get over yourself. 别自以为是。
    补充短语
    get over 克服，战胜
    05 you're a disgrace.
    你真丢人！
    常用单词
    disgrace [d?s'gre?s] n. 丢脸，耻辱
    学学这样说
    1. you asked for it. 你自找的。
    2. look at the mess you've made! 你搞得一团糟！
    3. just look at what you've done! 看看你都做了些什么！
    4. you've ruined everything. 全都让你搞砸了。
    5. you're just a good for nothing bum! 你真是一个废物！
    6. can't you do anything right? 成事不足，败事有余。
    补充短语
    be a good for nothing bum 是一个废物
    06 i've had enough of your garbage.
    我听够了你的废话。
    解析 ▲ have enough of意思是“受够了，听够了”，of是介词，后面跟名词或者代词。
    常用单词
    garbage ['gɑ:b?d?] n. 垃圾，废话
    学学这样说
    1. you've gone too far! 你太过分了！
    2. i can't put up with you any more! 我再也受不了你了！
    3. that's the stupidest thing i've ever heard! 那是我听过的最愚蠢的事！
    4. i don't believe a word you say. 我才不信你！
    5. you never tell the truth! 你从来就不说实话！
    07 it's no use quarrelling about it with me.
    关于这件事与我争吵毫无用处。
    语法tips
    it's no use后面要跟v-ing形式，构成it's no use doing sth，表示“做某事没用”。
    学学这样说
    1. we had a quarrel about money. 我们就钱的问题争吵了起来。
    2. we had arguments over money. 我们就钱的问题争吵了起来。
    3. i would rather be laughed at than quarrel with him.
    我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。
    4. i had no stomach for a fight. 我不想打架。
    补充短语
    have a quarrel about 因为……吵架
    have arguments over 为……争论
    08 you two are always quarrelling over little things.
    你们两个总为一些小事争吵。
    解析 ▲ quarrel over是一个动词词组，意思是“为……争吵”，其中的over是介词，后面跟名词或者代词。如果表示跟某人争吵，要用quarrel with sb。
    学学这样说
    1. the argument between the two parties was blown up by the press.
    双方的争论被新闻界夸大了。
    2. it turned into a bitter quarrel. 这演变成了激烈的争吵。
    3. they argued to the point of fighting with each other. 他们争吵到打架的程度。
    4. the two friends wrangled and now they don't speak to each other.
    两个朋友拌嘴了，现在他们都不和对方说话。
    5. they had words with their neighbors over small trifles.
    他们为了一些小事和邻居发生了口角。
    应用对话
    tom: you two are always quarrelling over little things.
    steven: that wasn't my fault, but she said "you're a disgrace" to me. i'm about to explode!
    汤姆：你们两个总为一些小事争吵。
    史蒂文：那不是我的错，可她竟然对我说：“你真丢人！”我都快要气炸了！
    09 he is good-natured and has never had a quarrel with anyone.
    他脾气很好，从不和任何人争吵。
    常用单词
    good-natured ['g?dne?'t??d] adj. 和善的，好脾气的
    quarrel ['kw?r?l] n./v. 吵架，争论
    学学这样说
    1. their argument wasn't serious. 他们吵架吵得不厉害。
    2. he was always scrapping at school. 他在学校总打架。
    3. these children are always quarrelling over little things.
    这些孩子总是为小事而争吵。
    4. he and his wife are always fighting about who should look after children.
    他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。
    补充短语
    fight about 为……吵架
    10 i beg your pardon.
    请原谅我。
    常用单词
    beg [beg] v. 乞讨，恳求（原谅）
    pardon ['pɑ:dn] n. 饶恕，原谅
    学学这样说
    1. i apologize. 我道歉。
    2. pardon me. 请原谅我。
    3. i can't tell you how sorry i am. 我很抱歉。
    4. i'm so/awfully/terribly sorry. 我很抱歉。
    5. i really feel bad about it. 我很抱歉。
    6. please forgive me. 请原谅我。
    补充短语
    feel bad about 为……而抱歉
    11 apology is quite unnecessary.
    实在没有必要道歉。
    常用单词
    apology [?'p?l?d??] n. 道歉认错，愧疚
    unnecessary [?n'nes?s?r?] adj. 不必要的，多余的
    学学这样说
    1. why should i apologize? 我为什么要道歉？
    2. you have my sincere apology. 我诚心诚意向你道歉。
    3. please accept my sincere apology. 请接受我诚挚的道歉。
    4. i make my apology to you. 我是来向您道歉的。
    5. i demand an apology. 我要求道歉。
    6. i owe him an apology. 我应向他道歉。
    7. please bring them my excuses. 请代我向他们致歉。
    补充短语
    make one's apology to 向……道歉
    12 he told me with regret that he could not come to the party.
    他很遗憾地告诉我他不能来参加这个聚会了。
    解析 ▲ with regret意思是“遗憾地，抱歉地”，一般在句中用作状语，修饰动词。
    学学这样说
    1. we received a letter of apology. 我们收到了一封道歉信。
    2. he was forced to make a public apology. 他被迫公开道歉。
    3. they were very regretful about the trouble they'd caused.
    他们对所惹的麻烦深感愧疚。
    4. he regretted to say he couldn't come to the party.
    他遗憾地说他不能来参加这个聚会了。
    补充短语
    a/the letter of apology 道歉信
    make a public apology 公开道歉
    13 i apologize for what i have done.
    我为我的所作所为道歉。
    常用单词
    apologize [?'p?l?d?a?z] v. 道歉，赔罪
    学学这样说
    1. sorry, i kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
    2. please excuse me for being late. 对不起，我迟到了。
    3. i'm sorry that i can't join in your discussion. 很遗憾，我不能参加你们的讨论了。
    4. please excuse the offence. it won't happen again.
    请原谅这次冒犯，我以后再也不会了。
    5. i'm terribly sorry to have caused you so much trouble.
    真对不起，给你造成那么多的麻烦。
    6. we would like to offer our apologies for the delay of your flight today.
    今天航班误点，敬请原谅。
    应用对话
    steven: julia, i apologize for what i have done. please forgive me.
    julia: i've already forgiven you. actually, i also owe you an apology. i was so rude to you that day.
    史蒂文：茱莉娅，我为我的所作所为道歉。请你原谅我。
    茱莉娅：我已经原谅了你。事实上，我也应该向你道歉。我那天对你那么粗鲁。
    14 please accept my apology on behalf of the hotel.
    我代表酒店向您致歉，请您接受。
    解析 ▲ apology是动词apologize的名词形式，常用于构成以下词组：a note of apology（道歉信）、make an apology（表示道歉）、in apology for（为……道歉）等。
    补充短语
    accept one's apology 接受某人的道歉
    随机测验
    a: i am sorry for breaking your glass.
    b: ______
    a. see you b. you're welcome.
    c. it doesn't matter. d. no thanks.
    翻译
    a：对不起，我把你的杯子打碎了。
    b：没关系。
    答案：c
    提示：别人向自己道歉时，要用it doesn't matter（没关系）或者that's all right（没关系）作答。
    15 i forgave you a long time ago.
    我早已原谅你了。
    解析 ▲ ago是副词，意思是“以前，以往”。常用在表示一段时间的名词或者名词词组之后，与过去时态连用。
    常用单词
    forgive [f?'g?v] v. 原谅，宽恕
    学学这样说
    1. we forgave his rudeness. 我们原谅了他的无礼。
    2. i've already forgiven you. 我已经原谅了你。
    3. i'll never forgive you. 我永远不会原谅你。
    4. thanks for your support and kind understanding! 多谢大家的支持和谅解！
    5. my advice is that it's best to forgive and forget. 我认为最好还是既往不咎。
    16 happy couples need mutual understanding.
    幸福的夫妻需要互相谅解。
    常用单词
    mutual ['mju:t?u?l] adj. 相互的，彼此的
    understanding ['?nd?'st?nd??] n. 理解，谅解
    学学这样说
    1. he is not a man who forgives easily. 他不是一个轻易宽恕他人的人。
    2. he forgave her for what she had said to him. 他原谅了她对他说过的那些话。
    3. he begged for forgiveness for what he had done. 他为他的所作所为乞求饶恕。
    4. a true friend will understand. 真正的朋友会谅解的。
    5. seek to understand, and you will be understood.
    试着谅解他人，而你也将被人谅解。
    应用对话
    julia: thanks for your understanding.
    steven: happy couples need mutual understanding.
    茱莉娅：谢谢你的理解。
    史蒂文：幸福的夫妻需要互相谅解。
    17 we've tried our best to make a reconciliation between the two parties.
    我们已尽了最大的努力来促成双方和解。
    解析 ▲ between是介词，通常用来表示“两者之间”，常与and连用。
    学学这样说
    1. after each quarrel children are soon reconciled. 每次吵架之后，孩子们很快就会和好。
    2. mary and john quarrelled, but they made up after a while.
    玛莉和约翰吵架了，但不一会儿就和好了。
    3. the two parties come to a reconciliation at last. 这两方最后讲和了。
    4. i told her that there could never be a reconciliation between us.
    我告诉她我们之间绝不可能和解。
    5. we tried to reconcile her with her family. 我们试图让她和她的家人和好。
    补充短语
    make up 讲和，和好
    come to a reconciliation 讲和

 亲情友情

    亲情友情
    01 thank your parents who brought you into the world.
    感谢你的父母，是他们把你带到了这个世界。
    语法tips
    world的意思是“世界”，是独一无二的东西，之前要用定冠词the修饰。
    学学这样说
    1. home is a place full of love! 家是一个充满爱的地方！
    2. my family is always rich in love and understanding. 我的家总是充满了爱和理解。
    3. i have been living a sheltered life. 我一直是被呵护着长大的。
    4. there won't be a warmer place than home. 没有什么地方比家更温暖。
    5. he loves his younger sister very much. 他很疼他的妹妹。
    补充短语
    be rich in... 富于……
    02 she will worry if i go home late.
    如果我回家晚了，她会担心的。
    解析 ▲ late既可以作形容词，也可以作副词。在这个句子中，late是副词，修饰动词词组go home。
    学学这样说
    1. my daughter's health weighs heavily in my mind. 我女儿的健康让我牵肠挂肚。
    2. your mother is concerned about your safety. 你妈妈担心你的安全。
    3. when it comes to family, we're all still children at heart.
    提到家人时，我们在内心深处仍是孩子。
    应用对话
    steven: hello, julia, i know a party will begin at midnight. would you love to go?
    julia: i'd love to, but my mother asks me to go home before 11:00 every night.
    she will worry if i go home late.
    史蒂文：你好，茱莉娅，我知道一个将在午夜开始的聚会，你愿意去吗？
    茱莉娅：我很乐意，但是我妈妈要求我每晚11点之前回到家。如果我回家晚了，她会担心的。
    03 she kissed the baby on the cheek.
    她在婴儿的脸颊上亲了一下。
    常用单词
    cheek [t?i:k] n. 脸颊，脸蛋
    学学这样说
    1. mother kissed his cheek lovingly. 妈妈亲热地吻了他的脸颊。
    2. the mother caressed her baby lovingly. 母亲疼爱地抚摸着婴儿。
    3. children kissed their parents good night. 孩子们吻了吻父母以道晚安。
    4. she gave her mother an affectionate hug. 她深情地拥抱了她的母亲。
    5. she embraced her son tenderly. 她温柔地拥抱儿子。
    6. she held her son to her in an affectionate embrace. 她深情地将她儿子搂在怀里。
    补充短语
    give sb an affectionate hug 深情拥抱某人
    04 mother's love is the greatest in the world.
    母爱是世界上最伟大的爱。
    语法tips
    该句中的greatest是形容词great的最高级形式，前面要有定冠词the修饰。
    学学这样说
    1. her affections were centered on her children. 她的爱全都倾注到她的孩子身上了。
    2. my childhood was happy with my mother's love.
    在母亲的呵护下，我的童年是快乐的。
    3. my mother's love for me was very great. 母亲给我的爱是非常伟大的。
    4. among a variety of loves in the world, the purest and most profound love is the maternal love. 在世上多种爱中，至纯至深的爱是母爱。
    5. don't take the love of your mother for granted. 不要将母爱视为理所当然。
    6. a mother's love never changes. 母爱亘古不变。
    7. mother gave me her love without asking for return. how deep mother's love is! 妈妈无私地把爱给了我，却不求任何回报。多么深沉的母爱啊！
    应用对话
    steven: don't complain about it. she is concerned about your safety.
    julia: you're right. mother's love is the greatest in the world.
    史蒂文：不要抱怨这个。她是担心你的安全。
    茱莉娅：你说得对。母爱是世界上最伟大的爱。
    05 he spent his weekend in his family.
    他和家人一起度过了周末。
    语法tips
    spend即可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。作及物动词时，常用于构成spend...on sth（花费……在某物上）或者spend...in doing sth（花费……做……）的结构。该句中，用的是spend...in some place（在……花费……）的结构。
    常用单词
    weekend ['wi:k'end] n. 周末
    family ['f?m?l?] n. 家庭，家族
    随机测验
    she gives her aunt a quick peck ______ the cheek.
    a. in b. off c. under d. on
    翻译
    她在姑姑的脸颊上匆匆吻了一下。
    答案：d
    提示：give sb a quick peck on...是个固定搭配，意思是“匆匆吻了一下……”，故选答案d。
    06 he's one of my best friends.
    他是我最要好的朋友之一。
    学学这样说
    1. is he one of your friends? 他是你的朋友吗？
    2. she's an old friend. 她是我的老朋友。
    3. your friendship is very important for me. 你的友情对我来说非常重要。
    4. he is a close friend of mine. 他是我的挚友。
    5. i treasure your friendship. 我珍视和你的友谊。
    应用对话
    julia: are you close?
    steven: yes. he's one of my best friends. our friendship formed at college.
    茱莉娅：你们俩关系近吗？
    史蒂文：是的，他是我最好的朋友之一。我们的友谊从大学时就开始了。
    补充短语
    be important for... 对……很重要
    07 i've known her for years, but she was never a friend.
    我认识她多年了，但成不了朋友。
    语法tips
    for years意思是“多年，数年”，在句中作时间状语，常与现在完成时和现在完成进行时连用。
    常用单词
    friend [frend] n. 朋友，友人
    学学这样说
    1. i didn't want to destroy our friendship. 我不想毁掉我们之间的友谊。
    2. misunderstanding injured their friendship. 误会损害了他们的友谊。
    3. they had a quarrel, but they're friends again now.
    他们吵过架，不过现在又和好了。
    4. he finds it hard to make friends with others. 他发现难以和其他人交朋友。
    08 suspicion is the poison of friendship.
    猜疑对友谊而言是毒药。
    常用单词
    poison ['p??zn] n. 毒药，极有害的思想（或心情等）
    friendship ['frend??p] n. 友情，友谊
    学学这样说
    1. a friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
    2. a friend is easier lost than found. 朋友失去容易得来难。
    3. better be alone than in bad company. 与坏人交朋友，不如没朋友。
    4. a friend that you buy with presents will be bought from you.
    用礼物“买”来的朋友终会被“买”走。
    5. the worst solitude is to be destitute of sincere friendship.
    最孤独的事莫过于缺乏真诚的友谊。
    补充短语
    in bad company 交坏朋友
    09 make friends with people who will force you to lever yourself up.
    交那些让你不得不长进的朋友。
    解析 ▲ lever up是一个动词词组，意思是“提升”。如果宾语是代词，代词可放在中间。
    语法tips
    该句用的是一般将来时态，谓语动词要用will加上动词原形。
    学学这样说
    1. misfortune tests the sincerity of friends. 朋友的真诚在患难中得到检验。
    2. fire is the test of gold; adversity of friendship. 烈火见真金，逆境知友谊。
    3. developing friendship takes time and efforts. 建立友谊需要时间和心思。
    4. books and friends should be few but good. 书籍和朋友都要少而精。
    5. a true friend is one who overlooks your failure and tolerates your success.
    真正的朋友从不追究你的失败，也从不忌妒你的成功。
    6. in prosperity our friends know us; in adversity we know our friends.
    在顺境中，朋友了解我们；在逆境中，我们了解朋友。
    10 friendship reduces sorrow in times of pain and adds to joy in happy times.
    忧愁时，朋友为我们分担；高兴时，朋友使欢乐倍增。
    解析 ▲ add to是一个动词词组，意思是“增加”。其中的to是介词，后面跟名词或者名词词组。
    学学这样说
    1. without a friend, the world is wilderness. 没有朋友，这世界无异于荒野。
    2. friendship is one of the most important things in our life.
    友谊是我们人生中极为重要的一部分。
    3. a friend's frown is better than an enemy's smile. 朋友对你皱眉胜过敌人对你微笑。
    4. friendship multiplies joys and divides grieves. 友谊倍增欢乐，分担忧愁。
    5. honest men esteem and value nothing so much in this world as a real friend.
    诚实的人把真正的朋友看得比世界上任何东西都珍贵。
    补充短语
    be better than... 比……更好
    11 their friendship was as close as ever it had been.
    他们的友谊跟以往一样亲密。
    解析 ▲ be as...as意思是“和……一样”，as与as之间要用形容词或副词原级。
    学学这样说
    1. i hope you can make good friends with each other. 我希望你们能成为好朋友。
    2. the boys have had a long friendship. 这些男孩们有很长时间的友谊了。
    3. he seemed to have already struck up a friendship with her.
    他似乎已经和她交朋友了。
    4. the friendship between them started at college. 他们的友谊是在大学时建立的。
    补充短语
    have a long friendship 有很长时间的友谊了
    strike up a friendship with... 和……交朋友

 天气状况

    天气状况
    01 what's the weather forecast for tomorrow?
    明天天气怎么样？
    常用单词
    forecast ['f?:kɑ:st] n. 预报，预言
    tomorrow [t?'m?r??] n. 明天
    学学这样说
    1. how is the weather today? 今天的天气如何？
    2. what do you think of the weather today? 你觉得今天的天气如何？
    3. what's the weather like today? 今天的天气如何？
    4. what will the weather be like tomorrow? 明天可能是什么天气？
    应用对话
    steven: julia, what's the weather forecast for tomorrow?
    julia: it says a storm may come tomorrow.
    史蒂文：茱莉娅，明天天气怎么样？
    茱莉娅：天气预报说明天可能会有一场暴风雨。
    02 do you think it will rain tomorrow?
    你认为明天会下雨吗？
    常用单词
    rain [re?n] v. 下雨
    学学这样说
    1. how long will the rainy season last? 雨季会持续多久？
    2. do you think it will be fine tomorrow? 你觉得明天会是好天气吗？
    3. how is the weather there? 你那里天气如何？
    4. do you think it will snow? 你认为会下雪吗？
    补充短语
    rainy season 雨季
    03 the snow is three inches deep.
    雪积了3英寸厚。
    常用单词
    snow [sn??] n. 雪，雪花
    inch [?nt?] n. 英寸，少量
    学学这样说
    1. it's snowing, but i'm sure it'll stop soon. 下雪了，不过我肯定一会儿就会停。
    2. the ground is white with snow. 大地雪白一片。
    3. there is a severe snowstorm this morning. 今天早上有暴风雪。
    4. it's snowing heavily outside. 外面正在下大雪。
    5. it began to snow. 开始下雪了。
    6. it's going to snow tomorrow. 明天要下雪。
    补充短语
    be white with snow 雪白一片
    04 but it's supposed to get windy again this afternoon.
    但是今天下午可能又要刮风了。
    解析 ▲ be supposed to意思是“应该，被期望”，表示一种推断或希望，后面跟动词原形。
    学学这样说
    1. it's been windy all morning. 整个早上都有风。
    2. no one knows that the storm arose during the night. 没有人知道夜里起风暴了。
    3. the wind starts to blow. 开始起风了。
    4. the wind is coming up. 开始起风了。
    5. my father told me that the gale blustered all day. 爸爸告诉我大风刮了一整天。
    5. the wind is blowing from the south. 正在刮南风。
    补充短语
    start to do sth 开始做某事
    come up 上升，出现
    05 the wind is going down.
    风变小了。
    常用单词
    wind [w?nd] n. 风
    学学这样说
    1. there's a light air today. 今天风力一级。
    2. there is a light breeze today. 今天风力二级。
    3. there's going to be a gentle/moderate/ fresh/ strong breeze tomorrow.
    明天风力三/四/五/六级。
    4. i love having this cool breeze across my face. 我喜欢这凉风拂过脸庞的感觉。
    5. there's heavy wind today. 今天风很大。
    6. there's hardly a breath of air. 几乎没有一丝风。
    7. the wind is blowing hard. 风很大。
    补充短语
    a light air 风力一级
    a light breeze 风力二级
    06 it looks as if it is going to rain.
    看来要下雨了。
    解析 ▲ as if意思是“好像”，在句中充当连词，后面跟句子。
    学学这样说
    1. the weather seems to be rainy. 似乎要下雨了。
    2. i am afraid a storm is brewing. 恐怕暴风雨要来了。
    3. the sky became suddenly overcast with clouds. 天空突然乌云密布。
    4. i like the cold and rainy weather. 我喜欢这寒冷而多雨的天气。
    5. the rain will be over soon. 雨就快停了。
    补充短语
    thunder storm 暴风雨
    become overcast with 布满……
    07 it was raining cats and dogs yesterday.
    昨天下着倾盆大雨。
    语法tips
    据说在17世纪的英格兰，每当下大雨的时候，一些城市的街道就会水流成河，飘浮着大量的死猫死狗，就好像是从天上下来的。因此rain cats and dogs就表示雨下得特别大。
    学学这样说
    1. it must have rained last night for the road is wet. 路面是湿的，昨晚肯定下过雨。
    2. we haven't had a thunderstorm like this for months.
    我们已经好几个月没遇到这样的雷雨天气了。
    3. there was a shower this afternoon. 下午下了一场阵雨。
    4. i got caught in the downpour. 我遇上了一场倾盆大雨。
    补充短语
    get caught in... 遇到……
    08 is the fog going to lift?
    雾会散吗？
    解析 ▲ 该句是be going to的疑问句形式，把be动词is提至句首，用来引导疑问句。
    常用单词
    fog [f?g] n. 雾，烟雾
    学学这样说
    1. the sky looks cloudy. 天空看起来阴阴的。
    2. it's getting cloudy. 天正在变阴。
    3. the sky is overcast, and it is very sultry. 天空阴沉沉的，很闷热。
    4. the fog makes it difficult to see. 这场雾让人视线不清。
    09 the weather is disappointing.
    天气真糟糕！
    语法tips
    该句中的disappointing是由动词disappoint加上词缀-ing构成的派生词，意思是“糟糕的，令人失望的”，通常修饰物。disappointed是disappoint加上词缀-ed构成的派生词，意思是“失望的，沮丧的”，通常修饰人。注意两者的区别。
    学学这样说
    1. the weather has been very changeable lately. 最近天气十分多变。
    2. the weather has been like this for two weeks. 这种天气已经持续两个星期了。
    3. it was humid last week! 上周的天气很潮湿。
    4. what awful weather we have been having recently! 最近的天气真糟！
    补充短语
    last week 上周
    10 it's quite different from the weather forecast.
    这同天气预报所说的出入很大。
    解析 ▲ be different from意思是“与……不同”，from是介词，后面跟名词、代词或者名词词组。句中的quite是副词，修饰different。
    学学这样说
    1. today is a real scorcher! 今天真是个大热天！
    2. it's too hot to walk. 热得没法走路。
    3. it is much colder today than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷了很多。
    4. from the thermometer we know that the temperature fell to zero.
    看温度计我们得知气温已经降到零度。
    5. i hope the weather forecast is right. 我希望天气预报会准。
    补充短语
    a real scorcher 大热天
    weather forecast 天气预报
    11 nice weather, isn't it?
    天气很好，不是吗？
    语法tips
    该句是一个反义疑问句，它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。反义疑问句有两部分，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。前面否定，后面要肯定；前面肯定，后面要否定。
    常用单词
    nice [na?s] adj.（天气）温暖的，宜人的
    weather ['wee?(r)] n. 天气
    学学这样说
    1. the weather is certainly a big improvement over yesterday.
    今天天气比昨天好多了。
    2. the sky is bright and clear. 天空明朗清澈。
    3. it's a fine day. 今天是个好天。
    4. what a beautiful day ! 今天天气真好！
    12 it is growing cool.
    天气渐渐凉爽起来。
    语法tips
    该句用的是现在进行时态，说明该动作在近期一直在进行。
    学学这样说
    1. there is a beautiful rainbow in the sky. 一道美丽的彩虹悬挂在天上。
    2. it's good to see the sun again. 看到太阳又出来了，真让人高兴。
    3. it'll probably clear up this afternoon. 今天下午可能转晴。
    4. the days are getting longer since summer has come.
    夏天到了，白天变得越来越长。
    5. it's about twenty-three degrees centigrade this morning. 今天早上大约23摄氏度
    补充短语
    clear up 放晴
    13 maybe tomorrow is a clear day.
    没准明天是个艳阳天。
    学学这样说
    1. i guess we're going to have a fine day. 我想我们会有个好天气。
    2. the weather is going to stay fine. 好天气会持续下去。
    3. according to the weather forecast, it will be a fine day the day after tomorrow.
    天气预报说后天是个好天气。
    4. the weather forecast says the day after tomorrow will be sunny.
    天气预报说后天会是晴天。
    补充短语
    have a fine day 有个好天气
    the day after tomorrow 后天
    应用对话
    steven: yeah! but you know sometimes the weather forecast is not accurate.
    maybe tomorrow is a clear day. who knows?
    julia: yeah, maybe you are right!
    史蒂文：是啊，不过你知道的，有时候天气预报并不准确。没准明天是个艳阳天，谁知道呢？
    茱莉娅：是的，没准你说得对！

 自然环境

    自然环境
    01 the flood did a lot of damages to crops.
    洪水毁坏了大量农作物。
    常用单词
    flood [fl?d] n. 洪水
    crop [kr?p] n. 农作物，庄稼
    学学这样说
    1. the floodwater receded. 洪水退了。
    2. the flood is going down. 洪水渐退。
    3. rice fields were flooded. 稻田被淹没了。
    4. the flood burst the dyke. 洪水冲垮了堤坝。
    5. debris flow has wiped out much fertile land. 泥石流摧毁了大片肥沃的土地。
    补充短语
    wipe out 彻底摧毁
    fertile land 肥沃的土地
    02 the village is cut off by the flood.
    村子被洪水隔绝了。
    解析 ▲ be cut off by意思是“被……隔绝”，注意与词组be cut off from（与……隔开）的区别。
    学学这样说
    1. the flood washed out the road. 洪水冲坏了道路。
    2. a lot of villages were absorbed into the flood. 很多村庄被洪水吞没了。
    3. many houses were carried away by the flood. 许多房子被洪水冲走。
    4. the village was overwhelmed when the floods came.
    这个村庄在洪水泛滥时被淹没了。
    5. the flood made so many people homeless. 这场洪水让许多人无家可归。
    补充短语
    wash out 冲坏
    be absorbed into 被吞没，沉浸于
    be carried away 被冲走，被带走
    03 heavy rain will wash away the soil and cause serious flood as well.
    大雨不但会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水灾。
    解析 ▲ wash away是一个动词词组，意思是“冲走”。其中的away是副词，后面跟名词或者代词作宾语。
    常用单词
    soil [s??l] n. 泥土，土地
    学学这样说
    1. flood occurs every year. 洪水年年发生。
    2. the floods are a disaster. 洪水是一种灾害。
    3. the river floods in spring. 这条河在春天里容易泛滥。
    4. the flood and waterlog disasters happened quite often last year.
    去年洪涝灾害发生得很频繁。
    04 according to the newspaper, a town was razed by an earthquake and more than ten thousand people died in it.
    据报道，地震把一个城镇夷为平地，有一万多人在那次灾难中丧生。
    常用单词
    raze [re?z] v. 彻底摧毁，将……夷为平地
    earthquake ['?:θkwe?k] n. 地震，大变动
    学学这样说
    1. the daily flight to the city has been temporarily suspended due to the earthquake. 因为地震，每天飞往这个城市的航班被暂停了。
    2. most houses in the city were destroyed. 城市里大多数的房子都被毁了。
    3. the earthquake yesterday accounted for five deaths. 昨天的地震使5人丧生。
    4. tsunami has killed millions upon millions of people. 海啸造成了数百万人的死亡。
    5. plague came in the wake of earthquake. 地震之后紧跟着的就是瘟疫。
    应用对话
    steven: according to the newspaper, a town was razed by an earthquake and more than ten thousand people died in it.
    dora: it's horrible.
    史蒂文：据报道，地震把一个城镇夷为平地，有一万多人在那次灾难中丧生。
    多拉：太恐怖了！
    05 the wall declined slightly on account of the earthquake.
    墙壁因地震而略微倾斜。
    解析 ▲ on account of是一个介词词组，意思是“因为”，后面跟表示原因的名词或者代词。该词组相当于because of（因为）。
    常用单词
    decline [d?'kla?n] v. 下倾，倾斜
    slightly ['sla?tl?] adv. 轻微地
    学学这样说
    1. the experts predicted that an earthquake was imminent.
    专家预言即将发生地震。
    2. did you feel the earthquake? 你感觉到地震了吗？
    3. the ground vibrated during an earthquake. 地震时地面发生了震动。
    4. a big earthquake is a catastrophe for human beings.
    大地震对人类来说是灾祸。
    06 the town was destroyed by an earthquake one hundred years ago.
    这个小镇100年前曾被地震所破坏。
    解析 ▲ be destroyed by的意思是“被……破坏”，by后面跟施动者。
    学学这样说
    1. an earthquake struck the country. 地震袭击该国。
    2. earthquakes occur frequently in japan. 日本时常发生地震。
    3. a violent earthquake occurred there. 那里发生了强烈的地震。
    4. it was just the aftershock in the afternoon.
    下午的地震仅是余震。
    5. it's said that the earthquake was one of the worst catastrophes of the century. 据说那次地震是世纪性的灾难之一。
    07 an extinct volcano has ceased to be able to explode.
    死火山已不再喷发。
    解析 ▲ cease to do sth意思是“停止做某事”，相当于cease doing sth。
    学学这样说
    1. the volcano is in eruption. 火山正在喷发。
    2. vesuvius erupts once in a while. 维苏威火山偶尔喷发。
    3. philippine mayon volcano erupts once more. 菲律宾马容火山再度爆发。
    4. the eruption of a volcano is spontaneous. 火山的喷发是自发的。
    5. the volcano is active. 那座火山正活跃着。
    6. there have been several volcanic eruptions this year. 今年火山爆发了好几次。
    7. it's a dead volcano. 那是座死火山。
    8. the volcano is inactive. 这座火山已进入休眠状态。
    补充短语
    once in a while 偶尔
    dead volcano 死火山
    08 the ground trembled as the volcano erupted.
    火山爆发时，大地震动起来。
    语法tips
    该句中的as作连词，相当于when，引导时间状语从句。
    常用单词
    volcano [v?l'ke?n??] n. 火山
    erupt [?'r?pt] v. 爆发
    学学这样说
    1. the temperature of volcanic gases is very high. 火山气体的温度很高。
    2. the volcano spewed molten lava. 火山喷出了熔岩。
    3. the volcano belched out smoke and ashes. 火山喷出了烟尘。
    4. a serious volcanic eruption had destroyed countless houses.
    一次严重的火山喷发摧毁了无数的房屋。
    5. i've never seen the stream of lava from a volcano eruption.
    我从来没有见过火山喷发出的熔岩流。
    09 after the disaster there were many people who wanted food and shelter.
    这场灾难过后，很多人都饱受饥饿，无家可归。
    常用单词
    disaster [d?'zɑ:st?(r)] n. 灾难，灾祸
    shelter ['?elt?(r)] n. 居所，避难所
    学学这样说
    1. we were all shocked by the disaster. 这场灾难使我们所有人大为震惊。
    2. thousands of people died in the disaster. 成千上万的人死于这场灾祸。
    3. these difficulties are caused by natural disasters.
    这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。
    4. the natural calamity was quite serious. 这场自然灾害很严重。
    补充短语
    be caused by... 由……引起
    10 we would never bow to natural disasters.
    我们决不向自然灾害低头。
    解析 ▲ bow to是一个动词词组，本意是“向……鞠躬”，这里指“向……屈服，向……
    低头”。
    学学这样说
    1. human beings are learning to conquer all kinds of natural disasters.
    人类正在学会征服各种自然灾害。
    2. we should rally round and overcome difficulties caused by the natural disaster. 我们应该团结一致，克服自然灾害造成的困难。
    3. a deep ponder was given to the natural calamities.
    自然灾害也给我们留下了深深的思考。
    4. even a greater natural calamity cannot daunt us. 再大的自然灾害也压不垮我们。
    5. they will triumph only by persevering in their struggle against natural calamities. 他们只有坚持与自然灾害搏斗，才能取得胜利。
    补充短语
    natural disaster 自然灾害
    rally round 团结一致，齐心协力
    11 during the drought, we have to take measures to prevent the crops from dying.
    在干旱时期，我们必须采取措施防止庄稼枯死。
    常用单词
    drought [dra?t] n. 干旱（时期），旱灾
    学学这样说
    1. many social problems cropped up in the wake of natural disasters.
    自然灾害之后，出现了许多社会问题。
    2. when day dawned, we could see the damage caused by the storm.
    天亮时，我们可以看到暴风雨造成的破坏。
    3. the disaster caused him to waver in his faith. 这次灾难使他的信仰发生了动摇。
    补充短语
    crop up 突然出现
    12 the pollution is out of hand and becomes very dangerous.
    污染失去控制，变得十分危险。
    解析 ▲ be out of hand的意思是“失去控制”，有时也用get out of hand来表达。
    常用单词
    pollution [p?'lu:?n] n. 污染
    dangerous ['de?nd??r?s] adj. 危险的
    学学这样说
    1. serious pollution in modern cities gives some cause for the concern.
    现代城市中的严重污染令人担忧。
    2. people are becoming increasingly worried about pollution.
    人们对污染越来越感到忧虑。
    3. pollution is killing our health. 污染正在损害我们的健康。
    4. pollution is a global threat. 污染是全球性的威胁。
    5. the countryside has been damaged by pollution. 乡村受到污染的破坏。
    6. many people are concerned about the environment pollution.
    许多人都关心环境污染问题。
    13 the tendency towards worsening environmental pollution has been arrested.
    环境污染加剧的趋势得到了控制。
    解析 ▲ tendency是名词，意思是“倾向，趋势”，常与介词towards/to连用，表示“……的倾向”。
    学学这样说
    1. pollution should be done away with. 应该消除污染。
    2. i think there will be more pollution. 我认为污染会更严重。
    3. we must stop spoiling the environment. 我们必须停止污染环境。
    4. will there be less pollution? 污染会少些吗？
    5. the enforcement of the new law has reduced the environmental pollution.
    新法律的实施减少了环境污染。
    补充短语
    be done away with 被消除
    14 a campaign that promotes ecology and fights pollution is going on.
    改善生态、治理污染的运动正在进行。
    常用单词
    ecology [?'k?l?d??] n. 生态学
    学学这样说
    1. what do you think of environmental pollution? 你对环境污染怎么看？
    2. what are the causes of the pollution? 污染的原因是什么？
    3. the state shall protect the ecological environment of grasslands.
    国家将保护草原的生态环境。
    4. urban development is facing an ecological crisis. 城市建设面临着生态环境危机。
    5. human beings are fighting against pollution. 人类正在与污染作斗争。
    6. one of the biggest problems is pollution. 最大的问题之一是污染。
    补充短语
    ecological crisis 生态环境危机
    human being 人类
    15 compared with last year, water pollution is more serious.
    与上一年相比，水体污染加重。
    解析 ▲ 词组compared with的意思是“与……相比较”，相当于compared to。
    学学这样说
    1. that would pollute water. 那样会污染水质。
    2. the disposal of expired or ineffective pesticides must be strictly controlled to prevent water pollution. 关于处置过期或失效的农药，必须加强管理，防止造成水污染。
    3. the problem of water pollution has intensified. 水污染问题变得更严重了。
    补充短语
    water pollution 水污染
    16 water pollution imperils all kinds of marine life.
    水质污染危及所有海洋生物。
    解析 ▲ all kinds of的意思是“各种各样的”，可以用来修饰可数名词，也可以用来修饰不可数名词。
    学学这样说
    1. the river has been polluted by oil. 河流被石油污染了。
    2. the industrial wastes polluted the lake. 工业废物污染了湖泊。
    3. the water was infected with germs. 水被细菌污染了。
    4. garbage pollutes rivers and streams. 垃圾使大小河流遭受污染。
    5. the fish are dying off because of the pollution. 由于污染，鱼正相继死去。
    补充短语
    be polluted by... 被……污染
    be infected with... 被……污染
    die off 逐渐死亡，相继死去
    17 the air has been contaminated by exhaust fumes.
    废气污染了空气。
    解析 ▲ be contaminated by的意思是“被……污染”，by后面跟上表示污染源的名词、名词词组或者代词。
    常用单词
    air [e?(r)] n. 空气，天空
    exhaust [?g'z?:st] n.（排出的）废气
    fume [fju:m] n. 烟气，烟雾
    学学这样说
    1. noxious fumes poison the air. 有害的烟雾污染了空气。
    2. the exhaust gas pollutes the air. 那些废气污染了空气。
    3. we suffered a lot from air pollution. 我们深受空气污染之害。
    4. there is a sensible increase in air pollution. 空气污染已明显加重。
    18 i think the biggest environmental problem in my country is air pollution.
    我觉得我们国家最大的环境问题是空气污染。
    学学这样说
    1. air pollution is a big problem. 空气污染是一个大问题。
    2. air pollution is increasingly serious in our city. 空气污染在我们城市中日益严重。
    3. exhaust contamination of vehicles is the main factor for air pollution in cities. 汽车废气污染是城市空气污染的主要因素。
    4. air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere.
    空气污染包括所有在空气中发现的污染物。
    5. the acute problem of air pollution in the city must be solved.
    必须解决该城市空气污染这一严重问题。
    补充短语
    air pollution 空气污染
    应用对话
    steven: i think the biggest environmental problem in my country is air pollution.
    lucy: yes, i agree. the air here is much more polluted than in my country.
    史蒂文：我觉得我们国家最大的环境问题是空气污染。
    露茜：我同意。这里的空气污染比我们国家严重多了。
    19 the noise of the drilling is intolerable.
    钻孔的噪音让人受不了。
    常用单词
    noise [n??z] n. 噪音，嘈杂声
    drill [dr?l] v. 钻（孔），打（眼）
    intolerable [?n't?l?r?bl] adj. 难以忍受的
    学学这样说
    1. harsh noises insulted our ears. 噪音很刺耳。
    2. now the noise is very loud. 此时噪音很大。
    3. the noise tailed away. 噪音逐渐消失。
    4. the noise is offensive to the ears. 噪音很刺耳。
    5. i hate the noise that disturbed my sleep. 我讨厌那妨碍我睡觉的噪音。
    补充短语
    be offensive to... 攻击……，冒犯……
    20 the noise interferes with my work.
    这噪音妨碍我工作。
    解析 ▲ interfere with是一个动词词组，意思是“打扰，妨碍”。其中的with是介词，后面要跟名词、代词、或者名词词组。
    学学这样说
    1. that noise gets on my nerves. 那噪音让我心烦。
    2. the noise really gets to me. 那噪音让我心烦。
    3. the noise jangled my nerves. 那噪音刺激我的神经。
    4. the noise is shattering our nerves. 噪音使我们的神经受不了。
    5. the noise disturbed my sleep. 噪音妨碍了我的睡眠。
    6. please don't make noise. i'm working. 不要制造噪音，我正在工作。
    7. the noise interrupted our conversation. 噪音打断了我们的谈话。
    补充短语
    get on one's nerves 让某人心烦
    make noise 制造噪音
    21 the noise broke the peace of the night.
    噪音破坏了夜晚的宁静。
    解析 ▲ break the peace of是一个动词词组，意思是“打破了……的平静”，of后面跟名词或者代词。动词break的过去式与过去分词分别是broke和broken。
    学学这样说
    1. there is much noise in the street. 街上有很多噪音。
    2. the noisy traffic is a continual annoyance. 交通噪音时时刻刻令人烦恼。
    3. the noise in the street was muffled considerably. 街上的噪音减轻了许多。
    4. most cities were affected by light noise pollution. 多数城市受到轻度噪音的污染。
    补充短语
    noise pollution 噪音污染
    22 the noise distracted him from his reading.
    噪音使他不能专心读书。
    解析 ▲ distract是及物动词，意思是“转移，使分心”，表示使某人不能专心做某事，要用 distract sb from doing sth。
    学学这样说
    1. the noise of the car awoke him. 汽车的噪音吵醒了他。
    2. she lodged a complaint about the noise. 她就噪音问题提出了投诉。
    3. the noise wore her nerves to nothing. 噪音使她的精神疲惫不堪。
    4. more and more people begin to complain about the noise.
    越来越多的人开始抱怨噪音问题。
    补充短语
    lodge a complaint about... 投诉……

 兴趣爱好

    兴趣爱好
    01 what do you do in your free time, nancy?
    你闲暇时都做些什么，南希？
    解析 ▲ in one's free time意思是“在某人空闲的时候”，相当于when one is free，在句中作时间状语。
    学学这样说
    1. what's your hobby? 你的嗜好是什么？
    2. what's your favorite hobby? 你最大的兴趣爱好是什么？
    3. what are you interested in? 你的兴趣是什么？
    4. do you have a hobby? 你有爱好吗？
    5. have you got any hobbies? 你有爱好吗？
    应用对话
    steven: what do you do in your free time, nancy?
    nancy: well, i like playing the violin.
    史蒂文：你平时闲暇时都做些什么，南希？
    南希：嗯，我喜欢拉小提琴。
    02 are you keen on music on earth?
    你到底爱不爱好音乐？
    解析 ▲ be keen on的意思是“爱好……，喜欢……”，相当于动词like和enjoy，后面跟上喜欢的对象。
    学学这样说
    1. are you interested in detective stories? 你对侦探故事感兴趣吗？
    2. are you a film fan? 你是个电影迷吗？
    3. are you interested in shipping? 你对航行有兴趣吗？
    4. is music your chief hobby? 音乐是你的主要爱好吗？
    5. which would you rather do, go dancing or go to a play?
    跳舞和看戏剧，你更喜欢哪一个？
    补充短语
    detective stories 侦探故事
    film fan 电影迷
    03 i like to play the piano, but i am not good at it.
    我喜欢弹钢琴，但弹得不好。
    语法tips
    play the piano的意思是“弹钢琴”，表示弹奏乐器时，需要在名词前加上定冠词，如play the guitar（弹吉他），play the violin（拉小提琴）。
    常用单词
    piano [p?'?n??] n. 钢琴
    学学这样说
    1. i am very fond of building model boats. 我非常喜欢做船舶模型。
    2. boxing attracts me a lot. 我对拳击很感兴趣。
    3. travelling has always interested me. 我对旅行一直很感兴趣。
    4. swimming is my favorite pastime. 游泳是我最喜欢的消遣活动。
    5. i like dancing, but i wouldn't want it to be my life's work.
    我喜欢跳舞，但我不愿意把它作为我的终身职业。
    04 i have a passion for language learning.
    我对语言学习很感兴趣。
    解析 ▲ have a passion for是一个动词词组，意思是“对……感兴趣”，相当于be interested in。介词for后面跟上感兴趣的对象。
    学学这样说
    1. i like reading books best. 我最喜欢看书。
    2. i'm quite fascinated by the rural life. 我对乡村生活很感兴趣。
    3. i'm interested in english. 我对英语很感兴趣。
    4. my hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。
    5. i just like to sleep like a lazy cat. 我只喜欢像只懒猫一样睡觉。
    补充短语
    be fascinated by... 被……吸引
    rural life 乡村生活
    collect stamps 集邮
    05 i like listening to music, travelling and making friends.
    我喜欢听音乐、旅游和交朋友。
    语法tips
    该句中，listening to music，travelling和making friends均作like的宾语。
    学学这样说
    1. i love roller skating. 我喜爱滑旱冰。
    2. i like to cook dishes for my family. 我喜欢给家人做菜。
    3. i like pop music very much. 我很喜欢流行音乐。
    4. the two great interests in my life are music and painting.
    我一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。
    5. my hobbies include reading, cooking and thinking. 我的爱好包括读书、烹饪和思考。
    补充短语
    roller skating 滑旱冰
    pop music 流行音乐
    06 photography is my favorite pastime.
    摄影是我最喜爱的消遣。
    常用单词
    photography [f?'t?gr?f?] n. 摄影，摄影术
    pastime ['pɑ:sta?m] n. 消遣，娱乐
    学学这样说
    1. i'm crazy about rock music. 我对摇滚乐很着迷。
    2. i'm interested in art. 我对艺术感兴趣。
    3. a barbecue on the beach has great attraction for me.
    沙滩上的烧烤对我很有吸引力。
    4. learning drawing is just an avocation to me. 学习画画只不过是我的一项业余爱好。
    5. i play the piano for fun. 我弹钢琴是为了好玩。
    6. i like reading literary books best. 我最喜欢看文学方面的书。
    补充短语
    have great attraction for 吸引……
    for fun 为了好玩
    07 i don't have any interest in calligraphy.
    我对书法不感兴趣。
    常用单词
    calligraphy [k?'l?gr?f?] n. 书法
    学学这样说
    1. american football doesn't interest me at all. 美式足球一点也提不起我的兴趣。
    2. i don't find the magazine interesting. 我觉得这份杂志没有什么吸引力。
    3. i just can't get worked up about that. 我对那个就是提不起劲来。
    4. the painting isn't to my taste. 这幅画不合我的口味。
    5. i got tired of playing the violin. 我对拉小提琴已经厌倦了。
    补充短语
    get worked up about... 对……提起兴趣
    to one's taste 合某人的口味
    08 i'm afraid collecting stamps isn't my cup of tea.
    恐怕我对集邮不感兴趣。
    解析 ▲ cup of tea本意是“一杯茶”，在这里表示“某人心爱之物”。
    语法tips
    句中的collecting stamps是动名词词组，动名词的用法和名词一样，可以在句中作主语、宾语、谓语、表语等。
    随机测验
    i don't take great interest ____ playing the piano.
    a. with b. on c. towards d. in
    翻译
    我对弹钢琴不太感兴趣。
    答案：d
    提示：take great interest in是固定搭配，意思是“对……很感兴趣”。

 工作压力

    工作压力
    01 i'm exhausted.
    我已经精疲力竭了。
    解析 ▲ have no time相当于not have time，后面可以跟动词不定式，表示“没有时间做某事”。
    学学这样说
    1. i feel drained. 我精疲力竭了。
    2. i'm tired out. 我已经精疲力竭了。
    3. i'm quite washed out. 我已经精疲力竭了。
    4. oh, i'm pooped. 哦，我已经精疲力竭了。
    5. i'm bushed. 我好累。
    补充短语
    be tired out 精疲力竭
    02 i feel like a lump noodle.
    我累得不能动了。
    解析 ▲ feel like后面跟名词，表示“感觉像……”，也可以跟v-ing形式，意思是“想要做某事”。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm burning the candle at both ends. 我在疲于奔命。
    2. i've got my iron in too many fires. 我做的事太多了。
    3. i must have tired myself out. 我一定过于劳累了。
    4. i don't even have time to catch my breath. 我连喘口气的时间都没有。
    5. i scarcely have time to take a breather. 我连喘口气的时间都没有。
    补充短语
    burn the candle at both ends 疲于奔命
    03 i'm under a lot of pressure.
    我压力很大。
    常用单词
    pressure ['pre??(r)] n. 压（力），气压（或血压）
    学学这样说
    1. i'm too busy to bother with such details. 我太忙了，顾不上这些琐事。
    2. i'm worn out from the rush hour. 这种繁忙使我精疲力竭了。
    3. i would really appreciate any help i could get. 有人能帮帮我，我真的会万分感激。
    4. i felt a little tired from the work. 我觉得做这个工作有点累。
    5. i feel completely washed out after an ordinary day at the office.
    在办公室里工作了一天以后，我感到十分疲劳。
    应用对话
    steven: did you have something on your mind? you look so worried! maybe i can help you!
    john: well, i'm under a lot of pressure. my manager assigned me two projects.
    now the deadlines are near but i have finished neither of them yet.
    史蒂文：你在想什么事吗？你看起来很忧虑。也许我可以帮帮你。
    约翰：嗯，我最近压力很大，我的经理一下子让我做两个项目。现在期限就要到了，可我一个都没有做完呢。
    04 i must say that work is exhausting.
    我不得不说那工作真叫人精疲力竭。
    常用单词
    exhausting [?g'z?:st??] adj. 使筋疲力尽的，使耗尽的
    学学这样说
    1. i'm worn out by all hard work. 我被这些艰苦的工作搞得精疲力竭。
    2. that work has really knocked me up. 那份工作真把我累坏了。
    3. it really makes me tired to come from so far away.
    从那么远的地方过来真把我累死了。
    4. i am really overwhelmed by a heavy workload. 我真的快被繁重的工作压垮了。
    补充短语
    be overwhelmed by... 被……累垮了
    05 i'm on pins and needles.
    我如坐针毡。
    常用单词
    pin [p?n] n. 钉，别针
    needle ['ni:dl] n. 针，针状物
    学学这样说
    1. i'm freaking out. 我烦透了。
    2. it drives me crazy. 这事让我发疯。
    3. i'm losing my mind. 我快要失去理智了。
    4. my head is going to explode. 我的头快爆炸了。
    5. i'm going nuts. 我神经紧张。
    6. it's getting on my nerves. 我神经紧张。
    7. i'm coming apart at the seams. 我快崩溃了。
    补充短语
    lose one's mind 失去理智
    06 i'm at the end of my forbearance.
    我受够了。
    解析 ▲ be at the end of的意思是“在……的末尾”，of后一般跟名词或者代词。
    常用单词
    forbearance [f?:'be?r?ns] n. 忍耐，克制
    学学这样说
    1. fat chance. 希望渺茫。
    2. i've had it enough. 我受够了。
    3. life is really too much for me. 生活对我来说真是太沉重了。
    4. i can't deal with this any more. 我再也受不了了。
    5. i'm a bundle of nerves. 我心如乱麻。
    07 take it easy and just talk to me if you like.
    放轻松，如果你愿意就向我倾诉吧。
    解析 ▲ take it easy的意思是“放轻松，别紧张”，常用在口语中，表示安慰或者安抚。
    学学这样说
    1. you're working too hard. 你工作太辛苦了。
    2. just feel relaxed. 放轻松就好。
    3. don't think about it too much. 不要想太多了。
    4. never mind. 别放在心上。
    5. loosen up! 放松！
    6. don't worry about it, just try to relax. 不要担心它，放松些就好了。
    应用对话
    steven: i know your feeling. take it easy and just talk to me if you like.
    john: oh, buddy, you are so kind. thank you!
    史蒂文：我理解你的感受，放轻松，如果你愿意就向我倾诉吧。
    约翰：噢，伙计，你真是太好了。谢谢！
    08 massage can bring some relief from tension.
    按摩可以缓解压力。
    常用单词
    relief [r?'li:f] n. 宽慰，减轻
    tension ['ten?n] n. 紧张，不安
    学学这样说
    1. what is the best way to reduce stress? 缓解压力的最好方式是什么？
    2. breathing deeply reduces stress. 深呼吸能缓解压力。
    3. do you know how to deal with stress? 你知道怎样处理压力吗？
    4. you should get over stress as possible as you can. 你应该尽可能去缓解压力。
    5. tears can help relieve stress. 泪水可以缓解压力。
    补充短语
    as possible as you can 尽可能，尽你所能
    09 oh, it's not good. it's been going down recently.
    噢，不太好，近来在走下坡路。
    解析 ▲ go down意思是“下降”，是不及物动词词组。
    语法tips
    recently是副词，意思是“最近”，一般和现在完成时或者现在完成进行时连用。
    随机测验
    i am____after working a whole day.
    a. exhausting b. exhausted c. exhaust d. exhausten
    翻译
    工作一天后，我筋疲力尽。
    答案：b
    提示：exhausted是形容词，表示“疲惫的，筋疲力尽的”。

 时间观念

    时间观念
    01 how time flies!
    时间过得真快！
    学学这样说
    1. time flies away. 时间消逝。
    2. time crept on. 时间不知不觉地溜走。
    3. time and tide wait for no man. 时不待我。
    4. as time goes by, we gradually become old. 随着时间的流逝，我们渐渐变老了。
    5. three years have elapsed since we last met. 从我们上次相见至今已过了3年。
    6. there is no way to stop the flight of time. 时间的飞逝是无法阻挡的。
    补充短语
    creep on 不知不觉地过去
    应用对话
    steven: how time flies! why do i always feel i haven't enough time to work and study?
    john: yes, i also feel that. i'm always busy and have no time for rest. i don't know how to make full use of time.
    史蒂文：时间过得真快！为什么我总觉得没有足够的时间来工作和学习呢？
    约翰：是呀，我也一样，我总觉得很忙，没有时间休息，我真的不知道该如何充分利用时间。
    02 teach your child the concept of time by linking time with a certain routine.
    可以通过每天规律的生活起居来建立孩子的时间观念。
    常用单词
    concept ['k?nsept] n. 观念，概念
    time [ta?m] n. 时间，时刻
    routine [ru:'ti:n] n. 常规，例行程序
    学学这样说
    1. she has no sense of time. 她没有时间观念。
    2. he has a strong conception of time. 他是个时间观念很强的人。
    3. we managed to infect him with the concept of time. 我们成功地让他拥有了时间观念。
    4. a person with a strong conception of time is able to manage his time well.
    一个有很强时间观念的人能够把时间管理得很好。
    补充短语
    have no sense of... 没有……的概念
    have a strong conception of... 有很强的……观念
    03 don't idle away your time.
    不要虚度时光。
    解析 ▲ idle away是一个动词词组，意思是“浪费时间，虚度光阴”，后面一般跟表示时间的名词或名词词组。
    学学这样说
    1. a diligent person values his time. 勤奋者珍惜时间。
    2. don't loiter your time away. 不要虚度时光。
    3. there is no time like the present. 任何时间都不如当前。
    4. seize the present day. 抓住今天。
    5. to idle away one's time amounts to killing oneself. 虚度年华等于慢性自杀。
    补充短语
    loiter away 虚度
    amount to 等于，相当于
    04 why waste your time on self-pity, sloth and selfishness?
    为什么把时间浪费在自怜、懒散和自私上呢？
    常用单词
    sloth [sl??θ] n. 懒散，懒惰
    selfishness ['self??n?s] n. 自私，自我中心
    学学这样说
    1. take time while time is, for time will be away. 眼前时间好好过，莫让光阴空蹉跎。
    2. what is a greater crime than the loss of time?
    还有什么是比浪费时间更大的罪恶呢？
    3. work today, for you don't know what trouble you may come across tomorrow.
    今天就干吧，因为你不知道明天又会遇到什么样的麻烦。
    4. what may be done at any time will be done at no time.
    任何时间都可以做成的工作，往往什么时候都做不成。
    5. we will never achieve much in our journal of accomplishment if we always wait for the right time to do everything.
    如果我们无论干什么都等待时机，那么我们将永远一事无成。
    补充短语
    at any time 任何时候
    at no time 任何时候都不
    05 sometimes i would rather let people take away years of my life than take away a moment.
    有时我宁愿别人夺走我几年的时间，也不愿他们占据我某一短暂的时刻。
    解析 ▲ take away是动词词组，意思是“取走，拿走”。
    语法tips
    would rather...than...表示“宁愿……也不愿”，后面跟动词原形。
    学学这样说
    1. to save time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就等于延长生命。
    2. time is like the water in sponge; if you squeeze, you can always get some.
    时间就像海绵里的水，只要挤，总还是有的。
    3. don't waste your precious time for youth, once spent, will never come again.
    光阴勿虚度，青春不再来。
    4. those who go ahead of time can value their time best.
    走在时间前面的人最会珍惜时间。
    06 let's stop idling around and do something.
    咱们别再无所事事了，做些事情吧。
    解析 ▲ idle around的意思是“无所事事，闲逛”，是不及物动词词组，后面不跟宾语。
    学学这样说
    1. idle forks have the least leisure. 懒惰的人最没空。
    2. to choose time is to save time. 选择时间就是节省时间。
    3. treasure every moment you have. 珍惜你所拥有的每一刻。
    4. we must cherish the current study time to acquire knowledge and skills which might be a useful tool for our future life. 我们必须珍惜现在的学习时间学习知识和技能，这将会成为以后生活中的一个有利工具。
    应用对话
    steven: let's stop idling around and do something.
    john: yeah, time is money. we really need to make good use of it.
    史蒂文：咱们别再无所事事了，做些事情吧。
    约翰：嗯，时间就是金钱，我们真的需要好好利用它。
    07 time means life, speed and strength.
    时间就是生命、速度和力量。
    解析 ▲ time表示时间时，是不可数名词。表示次数时，是可数名词，如three times（三次）。
    常用单字
    strength [stre?θ] n. 力量，优点
    学学这样说
    1. time tests all things. 时间检验一切。
    2. time is generally the best medicine. 时间是最佳药物。
    3. time softens all grieves. 时间缓解一切哀痛。
    4. only time will tell if you are right. 只有时间才能证明你是否正确。
    5. he that gains time gains all things. 赢得时间的人便赢得了一切。
    08 the value of a man's life increases with the fact that he knows how to make full use of his time.
    真正懂得利用时间的人，他的生命价值也就随之增加。
    解析 ▲ make full use of是动词词组，意思是“充分利用”。其中的full也可以替换为good，即 make good use of，该词组也表示“充分利用，好好利用”。
    学学这样说
    1. sorrow calls no time that's gone. 悲伤唤不回逝去的光阴。
    2. every day of your life is a new leaf in your history.
    你生命的每一天都是崭新的一页。
    3. time cannot be lengthened by man's subjective will, but it can be shortened if he wastes it. 时间不因人的主观意志而延长，却可以因其浪费而缩短。

 年龄相貌

    年龄相貌
    01 we are close in age.
    我们年龄相仿。
    常用单词
    age [e?d?] n. 年龄，时代
    学学这样说
    1. their ages are the same. 他们年龄相同。
    2. susan is the same age as jean. 苏珊和珍的年龄一样。
    3. my younger sister is around your age. 我妹妹与你们年龄相仿。
    4. jack is not so old as john. 杰克没有约翰年龄大。
    5. you are our age. 你年龄跟我们一样。
    6. the two children are much of an age. 这两个孩子年龄差不多。
    7. mary looks her age. 玛丽看起来与实际年龄相当。
    补充短语
    be the same age as... 和……年龄一样
    02 i guess she is in her twenties.
    我猜她20多岁。
    语法tips
    in one's twenties意思是“20多岁”，指的是20岁到30岁之间。类似的表达有in one's fifties（50多岁）等。
    学学这样说
    1. what's your age? 你多大年纪？
    2. how old are you? 你多大了？
    3. her age borders on 40. 她的年龄接近40岁。
    4. she is over forty years of age. 她的年龄超过40岁。
    5. her age is over 40. 她的年龄超过40岁。
    6. i'm not sure of his age. 我不能肯定他的年龄。
    7. it was difficult to tell her exact age. 很难说出她的确切年龄。
    应用对话
    rose: steven, guess the age of the woman who is sitting there.
    steven: i guess she is in her twenties.
    罗丝：史蒂文，猜一下坐在那边的那个女人多大年纪？
    史蒂文：我猜她20多岁吧。
    03 she looks younger for her age.
    她看起来比实际年龄要年轻。
    学学这样说
    1. he doesn't look his age. 他看起来与年龄不符。
    2. her age is of secondary interest. 她的年龄不太重要。
    3. she appears quite young. 她看起来相当年轻。
    4. his age counted against him. 他的年龄对他不利。
    5. she lies about her age. 她谎报年龄。
    补充短语
    be of secondary interest 不重要count against 不利于
    lie about 就……说谎
    应用对话
    steven: really? i can't believe it. she looks quite young for her age!
    rose: sure she is! i admire her very much. i wish i could be her when i'm in my forties.
    史蒂文：是吗？我不敢相信。她看上去真年轻。
    罗丝：确实如此！我真羡慕她。真希望我40多岁的时候也看上去那么年轻。
    04 generally speaking, the graduate students are older.
    研究生一般年龄比较大。
    语法tips
    generally speaking的意思是“一般来说”，通常放在句首，修饰整个句子。该词组相当于in general（一般来说，总之），但in general也可以放在句中或句末。
    学学这样说
    1. applicants must be above the age of 18. 申请人年龄必须超过18岁。
    2. applicants must be over the age of 18. 申请人年龄必须超过18岁。
    3. which age group do you belong to? 你属于哪个年龄层？
    4. when i was your age, i was just a common worker.
    我像你这么大的时候，只不过是个普通工人。
    补充短语
    be above the age of... 超过……岁age group 年龄层
    05 the boy is still too young to go to school.
    这个小男孩太小了，还不到上学的年龄。
    语法tips
    go to school的意思是“上学”，go to the school的意思是“去学校（不一定是上学）”。注意两者的区别。
    学学这样说
    1. my son has arrived at the school age. 我儿子已到了上学的年龄。
    2. my son is old enough to go to school. 我儿子已到了上学的年龄。
    3. he will reach his majority next year. 明年他将成年。
    4. he will come of age next year. 明年他将成年。
    补充短语
    come of age 成年，长大成人
    06 as she is young, she is lacking in experience.
    由于年轻，她缺乏经验。
    解析 ▲ be lacking in...意思是“缺乏”，in后面跟名词或名词词组。
    常用单词
    young [j??] adj. 年幼的，年轻的
    lacking ['l?k??] adj. 缺乏的，不足的
    学学这样说
    1. she is quite young. 她相当年轻。
    2. the average age of the boys is 16. 这些男孩的平均年龄是16岁。
    3. she was young, ambitious, and totally focused. 她年轻、雄心勃勃、引人注目。
    4. you are young and so am i. 你年轻，我也年少。
    5. she is too young to know her own mind. 她太年轻，没主见。
    6. young as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管年轻，他却懂得很多。
    07 my grandfather is in his anecdotage.
    我的祖父已年老。
    解析 ▲ be in one's anecdotage的意思是“年老”，one's根据前面的主语而变化。
    常用单字
    anecdotage ['?nekd??t?d?] n. 老年多话期，轶事集
    学学这样说
    1. my father's getting on in years. 我父亲上了年纪了。
    2. my father's becoming an old man. 我父亲变老了。
    3. she is getting older and older. 她渐渐变老了。
    4. her face was seamed with age. 她的脸因上了年纪而生了皱纹。
    5. he is already advanced in years. 他已年老。
    08 he has dotage because of old age.
    他因年老而变得糊涂。
    常用单词
    dotage ['d??t?d?] n. 老年糊涂
    学学这样说
    1. she is getting old and acts forgetfully. 她老了，开始变得健忘。
    2. when a person grows old, his skin shrivels. 人老了，皮肤就变得干巴巴了。
    3. he is too old to straighten himself up. 他太老，站不直了。
    4. old age can bring many problems. 年老会带来很多问题。
    5. i'm too old to stand the racket. 我太老了，经不起这种折磨了。
    补充短语
    straighten oneself up 站直
    old age 老年
    09 the man is getting old and his joints become stiff.
    人老了，关节也硬化了。
    常用单词
    joint [d???nt] n. 关节，接合处
    stiff [st?f] adj. 僵硬的，严厉的，呆板的
    学学这样说
    1. he is bent with age. 他因年老而驼背。
    2. his back was bowed with age. 他老了，开始驼背了。
    3. old age blanched his hair. 他因年老而满头白发。
    4. he was consumed with age. 他因年老而憔悴。
    5. the old man's hearing declines with age. 这位老人的听觉因为年老而衰退。
    6. don't resent growing old. 不要抱怨年老。
    7. she is always afraid of old age. 她总是害怕年老。
    补充短语
    with age 随着年龄的增长
    10 old age disabled him for hard work.
    年迈使他不能胜任繁重的工作。
    解析 ▲ disable sb for的意思是“使某人不能……”，for后面要跟名词、名词词组或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. i've already reached the retiring age. 我已到了退休年龄。
    2. she is too old to do that. 她太老了，不能做那种事。
    3. the old worker retired on account of age. 那位老工人因年老而退休。
    4. i reckon jane is too old to go abroad. 我认为简太老了，不能出国。
    5. he is old yet active. 他虽然老了，可是很活跃。
    6. he is old in age yet young in spirit. 他虽年老，但朝气蓬勃。
    补充短语
    reach the retiring age 达到退休年龄
    11 she had a distinctive appearance.
    她的外貌与众不同。
    常用单词
    distinctive [d?'st??kt?v] adj. 有特色的，与众不同的
    appearance [?'p??r?ns] n. 外貌，出现
    学学这样说
    1. she's so attractive. 她很迷人。
    2. she looked stunningly beautiful that night. 那天晚上她非常漂亮。
    3. she is a good-looking girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。
    4. she has delicate features. 她相貌清秀。
    5. there is nobility in her features. 她相貌高贵。
    6. she is very pleasing in manners and appearance.
    她的外貌和举止都非常讨人喜欢。
    补充短语
    have delicate features 相貌清秀
    12 he looks handsome and healthy.
    他看上去英俊而健康。
    常用单词
    handsome ['h?ns?m] adj.（男子）英俊的
    学学这样说
    1. your pretty appearance does your credit. 你美丽的外貌使你增光。
    2. the young models have got glam looks. 这些年轻的模特有着艳丽的外表。
    3. the young man has fine looks. 那个年轻人相貌堂堂。
    4. he is extremely handsome. 他潇洒极了。
    补充短语
    have fine looks 相貌堂堂
    13 she is not really pretty, but she is just an ordinary looking woman.
    她算不上漂亮，只能说是一个相貌一般的女人。
    常用单词
    pretty ['pr?t?] adj. 漂亮的，机灵的
    ordinary ['?:dnr?] adj. 普通的，平常的
    学学这样说
    1. the princess had a plain face. 那位公主相貌平平。
    2. he is an ordinary-looking man. 他是一位相貌平常的人。
    3. the child is plain-looking. 这孩子相貌平常。
    4. in fact, she was unimpressed. 事实上，她相貌平平。
    5. i am bland in appearance. 我的相貌平平。
    补充短语
    have a plain face 相貌平平
    14 her face was covered with wrinkles.
    她脸上布满了皱纹。
    常用单词
    wrinkle ['r??kl] n. 皱纹
    学学这样说
    1. i saw a weather-beaten face. 我看到了一张饱经风霜的脸。
    2. her face was seamed with wrinkles. 她脸上布满皱纹。
    3. her face was thickly lined. 她脸上有着深深的皱纹。
    4. there are a lot of winkles on his forehead. 他额头上有很多皱纹。
    5. mother's face was creased up with age. 母亲由于年迈而满脸皱纹。
    补充短语
    be seamed with 布满
    be creased up with 布满
    15 your appearance is identical to hers.
    你的相貌和她的一模一样。
    解析 ▲ be identical to意思是“和……相同，等同于……”，其中的to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或者名词词组。
    语法tips
    该句中的hers就相当于her appearance。
    学学这样说
    1. the boy is like his elder brother in appearance. 那个男孩在外貌上像他的哥哥。
    2. these twin sisters are as identical as two peas. 这对孪生姐妹相貌酷似。
    3. she resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.
    她在外貌上像她的姐姐，性格上却不同。
    4. the twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in disposition.
    这对孪生兄弟外貌很相像，但性格却相差很大。
    5. the two brothers are like each other in appearance, but are very different in their tastes. 这两兄弟相貌相似，但喜好却大不相同。
    6. although our looks differ, we are both attractive.
    尽管我俩相貌不同，但都讨人喜欢。
    16 i don't think him attractive at all.
    我一点也不觉得他有魅力。
    常用单词
    attractive [?'tr?kt?v] adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的，引人注目的
    学学这样说
    1. i have a good memory for faces. 我善于记住人的相貌。
    2. i can't call his face back. 我记不起他的相貌了。
    3. i saw no one with such a face. 我没有见过有这样相貌的人。
    4. from his looks i'd say he was swedish. 从他的相貌来看，我敢说他是瑞典人。
    5. don't judge people by their appearances. 勿以貌取人。
    6. don't judge a book by its cover. 不要以貌取人。
    7. how important do you think appearance is? 你觉得外貌有多重要？
    补充短语
    have a good memory for... 善于记住……
    17 she inspired the artist by her outstanding appearance.
    她出色的外貌使这个艺术家得到了灵感。
    常用单词
    inspire [?n'spa??(r)] v. 赋予灵感，鼓舞，激励
    outstanding [a?t'st?nd??] adj. 杰出的，显著的
    学学这样说
    1. beneath her charming exterior lies a very determined heart.
    在她迷人的外貌下面是一颗意志坚定的心。
    2. his striking looks and charm make him very popular.
    他那迷人的相貌和魅力使他很受欢迎。
    3. age has made a pronounced change in his appearance.
    岁月明显地改变了他的外貌。
    补充短语
    make a pronounced change in... 明显地改变了……
    18 he is an impressive man with thick eyebrows, long eyes and long strands of whiskers.
    他的相貌令人印象深刻：浓浓的眉毛，细长的眼睛，还有长长的胡须。
    常用单词
    eyebrow ['a?bra?] n. 眉毛
    strand [str?nd] n. 股，缕
    whisker ['w?sk?(r)] n. 细须，络腮胡
    学学这样说
    1. he has a round face. 他长着一张圆脸。
    2. she has an oval face. 她有着一张鹅蛋脸。
    3. her eyes are her most striking feature. 她最引人注意的是那双眼睛。
    4. he has blue eyes and snowy teeth. 他有一双蓝色的眼睛和雪白的牙齿。
    5. she had ordinary features but attractive colouring.
    她其貌不扬，但是面色红润可人。
    6. her husband is tall, dark and handsome. 她丈夫身材高大，皮肤浅黑，相貌英俊。

 成功失败

    成功失败
    01 adversity leads to prosperity.
    逆境通向成功。
    解析 ▲ 词组lead to意思是“通向”，to是介词，后面跟名词或者代词。
    常用单词
    adversity [?d'v?:s?t?] n. 逆境，不幸，灾难
    prosperity [pr?'sper?t?] n. 繁荣，兴旺，成功
    学学这样说
    1. success comes from hard-working. 努力才能成功。
    2. one cannot succeed unless one works hard. 只有通过努力才能成功。
    3. it takes hard work to succeed. 努力才会成功。
    4. hard work produces success. 辛勤劳动带来成功。
    02 there is no shortcut to success.
    成功无捷径。
    语法tips
    句中的to是介词，表示“通向”。在表示独一无二的东西时，也可以用to，如the key to the lock, the answer to the question。
    常用单词
    shortcut ['??:tk?t] n. 捷径，近路
    success [s?k'ses] n. 成功，成就
    学学这样说
    1. success comes with industry. 成功离不开勤奋。
    2. success depends on hard work. 努力才能成功。
    3. diligence is the mother of success. 勤奋是成功之母。
    4. success covers a multitude of blunders. 成功由大量的错误铸就。
    03 where there is a will, there is a way.
    有志者事竟成。
    学学这样说
    1. i succeeded because i had determination and never hesitated.
    我成功是因为我有决心，从不踌躇。
    2. the secret of success lies in the constancy of purpose.
    成功之秘诀在于目标坚定。
    3. success often depends upon knowing how long it will take to succeed.
    成功常常取决于知道需要多久才能成功。
    4. to succeed in life, you need three things including a wishbone, a backbone and a funny bone. 人生要成功，有三样东西不可缺少：愿望、毅力和幽默。
    5. a successful person must have a dream. without it, you will never succeed.
    一个成功的人必定有理想，如果没有理想，那永远不会成功。
    补充短语
    depend on 依靠
    04 self-confidence is the first step on the road to success.
    自信是踏上成功之路的第一步。
    解析 ▲ on the road to的意思是“通向……的道路”，其中的to是介词，后面跟名词或者代词。
    常用单词
    self-confidence [self'k?nf?d?ns] n. 自信，自信心
    学学这样说
    1. either make or break. 不成功，便成仁。
    2. to what do you attribute your success? 什么有助于成功？
    3. the confidence of success is almost success. 对成功抱有信心，就近乎成功。
    4. you have to believe in yourself. that's the secret of success.
    你必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。
    5. victory won't come to me unless i go to it.
    胜利是不会向我走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。
    05 young men yearn to succeed.
    年轻人渴望成功。
    解析 ▲ yearn to的意思是“渴望”，to后面跟动词原形。
    学学这样说
    1. success is in sight. 成功在即。
    2. she is greedy/hunger/eager for success. 她渴望成功。
    3. to achieve success is my only desire. 获得成功是我唯一的愿望。
    补充短语
    be in sight 马上就出现，出现在即
    06 he is successful in everything.
    他事事成功。
    解析 ▲ be successful in的意思是“在……成功”，in后面可以跟名词，也可以跟v-ing形式。
    常用单词
    successful [s?k'sesfl] adj. 成功的，如愿以偿的
    学学这样说
    1. he is heady with success. 他因成功而飘飘然。
    2. he made a great coup. 他大获成功。
    3. tom is unlikely to succeed. 汤姆不可能成功。
    4. it is hardly probable that he will succeed. 他不会成功。
    5. i have certainty to be successful. 我有把握成功。
    07 he came unstuck.
    他失败了。
    常用单词
    unstuck [??n'st?k] adj. 未粘住的，紊乱的，失灵的
    学学这样说
    1. my plan comes to grief. 我的计划失败了。
    2. my plan is in ruins. 我的计划失败了。
    3. my plan has fallen down. 我的计划失败了。
    4. the scheme was a bad egg. 计划失败了。
    5. he failed the examination. 他考试失败了。
    6. i have to resign myself to defeat. 我只好承认失败了。
    7. i acknowledged myself as beaten. 我承认自己失败了。
    补充短语
    be a bad egg 失败的计划，坏人
    08 failure is the mother of success.
    失败是成功之母。
    常用单词
    failure ['fe?lj?(r)] n. 失败，不及格
    学学这样说
    1. have no fear of failure, for success usually comes after failure.
    不要害怕失败，因为成功通常在失败之后来临。
    2. that sort of defeats is only stepping-stones to success.
    那种失败只不过是成功的踏脚石。
    3. what is defeat? it's nothing but the first step to something better.
    失败是什么？失败不过是走向较好境地的第一步。
    4. a man is not finished when he is defeated. he is finished when he quits.
    一个人如果失败了并不会完蛋，只有放弃了才会完蛋。
    应用对话
    steven: my opponent bowled me with the very first ball. i am wondering if it's appropriate for me to play table tennis.
    john: oh, come on! failure is the mother of success. don't lose heart. i'm sure you'll succeed.
    史蒂文：我的对手第一球就把我淘汰了，我在想可能我不太适合打乒乓球吧。
    约翰：噢，别这样！失败是成功之母。不要灰心，我相信你一定会成功的。
    09 there is little question of failure.
    很少有失败的可能性。
    解析 ▲ there is little question of意思是“……的可能性很小”，of后面一般跟抽象名词。
    学学这样说
    1. they are doomed to failure. 他们注定要失败。
    2. they soon went down in defeat. 他们很快就失败了。
    3. they could not conceive of the possibility of failure. 他们想不到失败的可能性。
    4. i am anxious that he may fail. 我担心他会失败。
    补充短语
    conceive of 设想，想象
    10 fatigue contributed to his defeat.
    疲劳促成了他的失败。
    解析 ▲ contribute to意思是“为……贡献”，可用作贬义，也可用作褒义。
    常用单词
    fatigue [f?'ti:g] n. 疲劳，疲乏
    学学这样说
    1. to resign now would be an admission of failure. 现在辞职等于承认失败。
    2. the operation on the new born infant was a failure. 新生儿的手术失败了。
    3. he failed in the competition. 他在竞争中失败。
    4. they blamed george for the failure. 他们责备乔治造成了这次失败。
    5. self-distrust is the cause of most of our failures.
    我们失败的原因大多是对自己缺乏信心。
    6. he who does not hope to win has already lost. 不希望赢的人已经输了。
    11 how do you handle failure?
    失败了你会怎么办？
    常用单词
    handle ['h?ndl] v. 操作，操纵，处理
    学学这样说
    1. i'm down in the dumps about the defeat. 由于失败，我沮丧极了。
    2. he was frustrated by repeated failures. 他因一再失败而灰心丧气。
    3. failure induces a sense of inferiority. 失败使人产生自卑感。
    4. he is possessed by a fear of failure. 他对失败心怀恐惧。
    5. there is no dishonor in losing. 失败并不是耻辱。
    补充短语
    be down in the dumps about... 为……感到沮丧
    12 failure doesn't mean you are inferior while it does mean you are not perfect.
    失败并不意味着你低人一等，它只意味着你尚不完美。
    解析 ▲ inferior是形容词，意思是“差的，低级的，次等的”，常用于构成词组be inferior to，意思是“低于……”。
    常用单词
    perfect ['p?:f?kt] adj. 完美的，正确的
    随机测验
    a man can fail many times, but he isn't a loser until he ______ to blame somebody else.
    a. begins b. began c. begun d. is begining
    翻译
    一个人可以失败很多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人，他就还不是一个失败者。
    答案：a
    提示：until是连词，意思是“直到……”，常用一般现在时表将来。

 吸烟有害

    吸烟有害
    01 no smoking!
    禁止吸烟！
    学学这样说
    1. this is a non-smoking area. 这是无烟区。
    2. please put that cigarette out! 请把烟熄灭！
    3. stop smoking immediately! 立即停止抽烟！
    4. i'm sorry, but smoking is not allowed here. 抱歉，这里禁止抽烟。
    5. smoking is forbidden here. 这里禁止吸烟。
    补充短语
    non-smoking area 无烟区
    02 stub out your cigarette in the ashtray please.
    请把你的烟在烟灰缸里捻灭。
    解析 ▲ stub out是一个动词词组，意思是“踩灭，捻灭”，后面一般跟表示火源的名词。
    常用单词
    ashtray ['??tre?] n. 烟灰缸
    学学这样说
    1. you should step outside to smoke. 你应该到外面吸烟。
    2. you must not light that cigarette. 你不能点燃那支烟。
    3. a policeman must not smoke on duty. 警察当班值勤时不得抽烟。
    4. the new law forbids smoking in offices. 新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。
    5. you'd better not throw cigarette ends here and there. 你最好不要随地乱扔烟蒂。
    03 it is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.
    吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。
    语法tips
    it is generally accepted that的意思是“众所周知”，后面跟句子，句子用陈述句语序。
    学学这样说
    1. smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害健康。
    2. smoking will do harm to your health. 吸烟有害健康。
    3. you'll smoke yourself sick. 你会因为抽烟而生病的。
    4. there is a general awareness that smoking is harmful. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
    5. smoking will harm your baby when you are pregnant. 孕妇吸烟对婴儿有害。
    补充短语
    be harmful to... 对……有害
    04 i think you should quit smoking.
    我觉得你要戒烟了。
    学学这样说
    1. this kind of tobacco has a high tar content. 这种烟的焦油含量很高。
    2. smokers know that smoking is harmful to their health, but they are reluctant to quit. 吸烟者知道吸烟有害健康，但他们却不愿戒烟。
    3. i have to choke my husband off. 我不得不劝阻我丈夫。
    4. you cannot quit smoking too soon. 你愈早戒烟愈好。
    补充短语
    choke off 劝阻，阻止
    应用对话
    julia: honey, i think you should quit smoking.
    steven: ok.
    茱莉娅：亲爱的，我觉得你要戒烟了。
    史蒂文：好的。
    05 it says smoking can cause lung cancer.
    上面说吸烟会导致肺癌。
    学学这样说
    1. smoking is bad for your skin. 抽烟对你的皮肤不好。
    2. of course smoking can contribute to lung cancer. 吸烟当然会导致肺癌。
    3. a cigarette spark started the fire. 烟的火星引起了这场火灾。
    4. i think that smoking is just throwing money away. 我认为抽烟仅仅是浪费钱财。
    5. the idea that some cigarettes are healthier than others is nonsense.
    有些香烟比其他香烟更健康的这种想法是胡说八道。
    6. smoking can cause lung cancer and heart disease.
    吸烟可导致患有肺癌和心脏病。
    补充短语
    heart disease 心脏病
    应用对话
    julia: check out this article. it says smoking can cause lung cancer.
    steven: really?
    茱莉娅：看看这篇文章，上面说吸烟会导致肺癌。
    史蒂文：真的吗？

 喜怒哀乐

    喜怒哀乐
    01 the good news rejoiced the cockles of my heart.
    这个好消息使我从心底感到高兴。
    常用单词
    rejoice [r?'d???s] v. 使高兴
    cockle ['k?kl] n. 海扇壳
    学学这样说
    1. jane was thrilled to see susan. 简见到苏珊高兴极了。
    2. she's always full of cheer in her class. 她在班上总是高高兴兴的。
    3. i shall be delighted to have dinner with you. 我很高兴能和你共进晚餐。
    4. there is always a merry smile on lily's face. 莉莉的脸上总是露出愉快的笑容。
    5. she smiled at me happily when i saw her. 当我看见她时，她对我开心地笑了。
    6. on the trip to hawaii, we had a lot of fun. 在去夏威夷的旅途中，我们都很开心。
    7. it was a pleasant surprise to know your pregnancy.
    得知你怀孕了，这真是件令人惊喜的事。
    补充短语
    be thrilled to ……很高兴
    be full of cheer 很高兴
    02 you look like being on cloud nine.
    你看起来非常高兴。
    学学这样说
    1. her face was transfigured by happiness. 她高兴得容光焕发。
    2. she flushed with delight. 她高兴得脸都红了。
    3. her heart melted away in secret rapture. 她暗自高兴，心花怒放。
    4. he shouted out in delight. 他高兴得大声叫喊。
    5. i'm grinning from ear to ear. 我笑得合不拢嘴。
    6. i let out a real belly laugh. 我捧腹大笑。
    补充短语
    melt away 消失，融掉
    shout out 突然呼喊，大叫
    应用对话
    rex: you look like being on cloud nine.
    steven: i am.
    雷克斯：你看起来十分高兴。
    史蒂文：对，我是。
    03 i shouldn't have done it.
    我真不该那样做。
    语法tips
    shouldn't后面跟完成时，表示不应该做某事（但实际已经做了）；should后面跟完成时，表示应该做某事（但实际上没有做）。
    学学这样说
    1. i regret doing that. 我后悔那样做。
    2. i feel bad about it. 我觉得很内疚。
    3. i repent my behaviours. 我对我的行为感到后悔。
    4. i feel regretful for what i said. 我后悔不该说那些话。
    补充短语
    feel regretful for... 后悔……
    04 it was careless of me to do so.
    我这样做太粗心了。
    语法tips
    be careless of sb to do sth的意思是“某人做某事太粗心了”，careless主要用来形容这个人。
    学学这样说
    1. i shouldn't drive after drinking. 我不应该酒后开车。
    2. i rue never having been to university. 我后悔从未上过大学。
    3. i wish i wouldn't have said that. 我要是不说那话就好了。
    4. i should have known better. 我早该弄清楚一些。
    补充短语
    drive after drinking 酒后驾车
    05 i really wish i hadn't done it.
    我真希望我没那么做。
    学学这样说
    1. i regret wasting time when i was a student. 我后悔做学生时浪费了时间。
    2. i regret not having taken his advice. 我后悔没有接受他的劝告。
    3. i wish i had never met you. 我希望我从来没有遇见过你。
    4. we regret having neglected past opportunities. 我们后悔没有抓住过去的机会。
    5. i regretted my words the moment i spoke. 话一说出口，我就后悔了。
    补充短语
    feel remorse for... 后悔……
    take one's advice 听某人的劝告
    应用对话
    tony: i really wish i hadn't done it.
    steven: what on earth are you talking about?
    托尼：我真希望我没那么做。
    史蒂文：你究竟在说什么？
    06 he bitterly repented his folly.
    他对自己干的蠢事十分后悔。
    常用单词
    repent [r?'pent] v. 后悔，忏悔
    folly ['f?li:] n. 愚蠢
    学学这样说
    1. he's ruing that he has bought such a large house. 他后悔买了这栋大房子。
    2. he was filled with remorse for not helping us. 他因没有帮助我们而深怀内疚。
    3. she regrets not having studied computer courses hard.
    她后悔没有努力学习计算机课程。
    4. he regretted very much having said something gross.
    他讲了一些粗话，对此非常后悔。
    07 he has showed signs of repentance.
    他表现出悔改之意。
    解析 ▲ 词组show signs of repentance的意思是“有悔改之意”，其中的repentance是动词repent的名词形式。
    学学这样说
    1. he repented his thoughtlessness. 他后悔自己的轻率。
    2. the prisoner shows no remorse for his crimes. 那名囚犯对其罪行毫无悔改之意。
    3. he seemed genuinely remorseful for what he had done.
    他看起来真的很后悔所做的事。
    补充短语
    confess to... 向……承认/忏悔
    show no remorse for... 对……没有悔过之意
    08 i just feel very lonely in this city.
    我只是在这个城市里感到很寂寞。
    学学这样说
    1. i feel lonely. 我感到很寂寞。
    2. i feel empty. 我觉得空荡荡的。
    3. i feel incomplete. 我感觉很空虚。
    4. it will be difficult for one person to live alone. 单独一个人生活很困难。
    5. i get lonesome when you're not here. 你不在时我颇感寂寞。
    6. we've just moved here so we still feel a bit out of it.
    由于我们刚刚搬到这里，所以仍感到有些寂寞。
    7. living in a big city makes me very lonely. 在大城市里生活让我感到很孤独。
    8. loneliness has occupied my heart. 我心中充满寂寞。
    应用对话
    steven: what's up? you look unhappy.
    dora: nothing. i just feel very lonely in this city. i miss my family.
    史蒂文：怎么了？你看起来很不开心。
    朵拉：没什么，只是待在这个城市里感到很寂寞。我想我的家人了。
    补充短语
    be difficult for... 对……很困难
    09 he spent a lonesome evening at home.
    他在家里度过了一个寂寞的夜晚。
    常用单词
    lonesome ['l??ns?m] adj. 寂寞的
    学学这样说
    1. he felt almost intolerably lonely. 他感受到了几乎无法忍受的寂寞。
    2. he felt his loneliness most keenly on sunday. 星期天他倍感寂寞。
    3. he endured agonies of loneliness and misery. 他忍受着寂寞和贫穷的折磨。
    4. it takes right time and right mood to be solitary.
    寂寞需要合适的时间，也需要合适的心情。
    补充短语
    on sunday 在周日
    10 loneliness and solitude become her fate.
    孤独和寂寞成了她的命运。
    常用单词
    loneliness ['l??nl?n?s] n. 孤独
    solitude ['s?l?tju:d] n. 寂寞
    学学这样说
    1. books are her resort when she is lonely. 当她寂寞的时候，书籍是她的解决之道。
    2. three months after her husband's death, she still felt empty.
    丈夫去世3个月后，她心里仍是空荡荡的。
    3. sarah felt lonely when her best friend left the city.
    自从她最好的朋友离开这个城市以后，萨拉感到很寂寞。
    4. sometimes we want to have someone to miss when we are lonely.
    有时候，我们希望在寂寞的时候有个可以想念的人。
    5. don't wait to become lonely to recognize the value of a friend.
    不要等到寂寞了才意识到朋友的价值。
    补充短语
    wait to do sth 等到做某事
    11 our disappointment was complete.
    我们失望极了。
    常用单词
    disappointment [?d?s?'p??ntm?nt] n. 失望，沮丧
    complete [k?m'pli:t] adj. 彻底的，完全的
    学学这样说
    1. too bad! 太糟糕了。
    2. what a disappointment! 真让人失望！
    3. what a bummer! 太扫兴了。
    4. you let me down. 你真让我失望。
    补充短语
    let sb down 使某人失望
    12 all my work was in vain.
    我的工作全都白干了。
    解析 ▲ in vain的意思是“徒然，无效”，在句中可以作表语，也可以作状语，修饰动词。
    学学这样说
    1. i messed up. 我给搞砸了。
    2. it leads me on a wild-goose chase. 我白费了半天劲。
    3. we have done all for nothing. 我们所做的全都白费了。
    4. all my efforts went down the drain. 我的努力都白费了。
    补充短语
    a wild-goose chase 劳而无功的事
    13 i feel depressed for what you have done.
    你所做的事使我感到很沮丧。
    解析 ▲ feel depressed for是一个动词词组，意思是“对……感到沮丧”，相当于词组be depressed for。
    学学这样说
    1. i am disappointed in her. 我对她感到失望。
    2. what he said almost unmanned me. 他所说的话几乎弄得我失魂落魄。
    3. we are disappointed that you will not be able to come. 你不能前来，我们很失望。
    4. i was more disappointed than discouraged. 我是失望，而不是泄气。
    补充短语
    be disappointed in bs 对某人感到失望
    14 the father scowled his disappointment at his son.
    父亲皱眉对儿子表示失望。
    常用单词
    scowl [ska?l] v. 皱眉
    学学这样说
    1. the result disappointed him. 结果令他失望。
    2. he gave up the attempt in despair. 他绝望地放弃了尝试。
    3. this car accident would sour the man.
    这次车祸会使这个人对生活失望。
    4. peter is despondent over his future. 彼得对自己的未来感到灰心。
    5. the father frowned at his son with disappointment. 父亲对儿子失望地皱眉。
    6. failure in the competition had let them down. 比赛失败使他们的情绪非常低落。
    7. a smile masked his disappointment. 微笑遮掩了他的失望。
    8. a look of disappointment passed over his face. 他脸上掠过失望的神情。
    补充短语
    in despair 失望地，绝望地
    be despondent over... 对……感到灰心
    15 losing the election was a sore disappointment.
    竞选失败令人痛心失望。
    常用单词
    election [?'lek?n] n. 选举
    sore [s?:(r)] adj. 痛心的，疼痛的
    学学这样说
    1. the movie was sort of disappointing. 这部电影有点令人失望。
    2. the contest was a letdown. 那场比赛令人失望。
    3. the talk was very disappointing. 这个报告很令人失望。
    4. the service here is disappointing. 这里的服务令人失望。
    补充短语
    sort of 有点，稍稍
    be a letdown 让人失望
    16 she hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise.
    她犹豫了片刻，但很快恢复了镇静。
    常用单词
    hesitate ['hez?te?t] v. 踌躇，犹豫
    regain [r?'ge?n] v. 取回，收复
    学学这样说
    1. he who hesitates is lost. 犹豫会错失机会。
    2. there was a hesitation before she began to speak. 她开始说话前犹豫了一下。
    3. his doubts and hesitations were tiresome. 他的疑惑和犹豫令人厌烦。
    4. his countenance betrayed irresolution and reluctance.
    他的脸上露出犹豫和勉强的神情。
    5. she held back, not knowing what to do or say.
    她犹豫起来，不知道该做什么或该说什么。
    6. he hesitated before diving into the icy water. 在跳进冰水之前他犹豫了一下。
    补充短语
    hold back 犹豫不决，隐瞒，控制
    17 i hesitate to get involved in this adventure.
    我犹豫是否参加这次探险。
    解析 ▲ get involved in指“涉及，被卷入，参与到”，该短语中involve意为“使参与，牵涉”，此外involve还有“需要，包含”之意，如：this job involves spending a lot of time with people.（这份工作需要和大家花费大量的时间。）
    学学这样说
    1. i was in a quandary about whether to go or not. 我当时正犹豫到底去不去。
    2. after some hesitation we decided to ascend the mountain.
    我们犹豫之后决定登山。
    3. he boggled at the thought of swimming in winter.
    他想到要在冬天游泳就有些犹豫。
    4. he balked at the high cost of new proposals. 他看到新建议需要高销费而犹豫起来。
    随机测验
    he has floated the idea______company headquarters should be moved to london.
    a. which b. that c. / d. about
    翻译
    他已经开始犹豫是否将公司的总部迁到伦敦。
    答案：b
    提示：该空之后为the idea的同位语从句，因此应当用that引导。
    18 she was overcome by despair.
    她已完全绝望。
    常用单词
    overcome ['??v?'k?m] v. 克服，胜过
    despair [d?'spe?(r)] n. 绝望
    学学这样说
    1. my heart is filled with despair. 我的内心充满了绝望。
    2. i give up all my hope. 我彻底绝望了。
    3. we are in a hopeless situation. 我们处于绝望的境地。
    4. i have no other choice but to do so. 除此之外我别无选择。
    补充短语
    be filled with 充满着，怀着
    19 there was a note of desperation in his voice.
    他的声音中透露着绝望。
    解析 ▲ note此处指“（说话的）声调，语气”，另外该词还可以指“注意，笔记，便条”，如take notes（做笔记），take note of（注意，留心）。
    常用单词
    desperation ['desp?'re??n] n. 绝望
    voice [v??s] n. 声音
    学学这样说
    1. he gave up the struggle in despair. 他绝望地放弃了斗争。
    2. surrendering himself to despair, he killed himself. 他陷入绝望而自杀了。
    3. she felt a hopelessness of abandoning those troubles.
    她觉得没有摆脱那些麻烦的希望了。
    4. we should not wallow in the valley of despair. 我们不应该陷在绝望中不能自拔。
    20 i'm not in the mood.
    我心情不太好。
    解析 ▲ in the mood指“兴致勃勃”，而not in the mood则表示“没有心情，没有兴致”，与mood相关的短语有in a mood（坏心情，坏脾气）。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm sad today. 我今天很难过。
    2. i'm down-hearted. 我心情不好。
    3. i'm so depressed. 我很沮丧。
    4. my heart is heavy. 我的心情很沉重。
    随机测验
    he is ______ his heart out over the defeat.
    a. pulling b. eating c. taking d. having
    翻译
    他对那次失败感到非常难过。
    答案：b
    提示：eat one's heart out为固定用法，指“伤心/难过到极点，愁肠寸断”。
    21 his betrayal was a great distress to his girlfriend.
    他的背叛使他的女朋友极为悲痛。
    常用单词
    betrayal [b?'tre??l] n. 背叛，辜负
    distress [d?'stres] n. 悲痛，不幸
    学学这样说
    1. he sorrowed over lost money. 他因为丢了钱而悲伤。
    2. she was grieving for the dead baby. 她为死去的孩子悲伤。
    3. it grieves me to hear about your hardship. 你的苦难使我感到非常难过。
    4. i was most distressed to learn about that. 得悉此事我很悲伤。
    补充短语
    grieve for... 为……而伤心
    22 she looked sorrowful and dejected.
    她看上去既悲伤又沮丧。
    常用单词
    sorrowful ['s?r??fl] adj. 悲伤的，伤心的
    dejected [d?'d?ekt?d] adj. 沮丧的，灰心的
    学学这样说
    1. her face told of sorrow. 她的脸上满是悲伤。
    2. her voice cracked with grief. 她悲伤得语不成声。
    3. he was weeping sorrowfully when leaving his hometown.
    离开家乡时，他伤心地落泪了。
    4. the failure in business was a great grief to him. 他生意上的失败是一件伤心事。
    补充短语
    tell of... 告诉有关……的情况
    23 i've got the blues.
    我很郁闷。
    解析 ▲ 名词复数blues此处指“忧郁，沮丧，悲伤”，此外blues还可以指“蓝调音乐，布鲁斯音乐”。
    学学这样说
    1. i was melancholy. 我很忧郁。
    2. i feel really down. 我感到很郁闷。
    3. i gloomed all day. 我整日闷闷不乐。
    4. there is an overcast expression on her face. 她愁眉苦脸的。
    5. my roommate has a melancholic nature. 我的室友天生忧郁。
    补充短语
    feel down 感到沮丧，意志消沉
    24 the receipt of her letter threw me into melancholy.
    一收到她的来信，我便陷入深深的忧郁中。
    解析 ▲ receipt在此处指“收到，接到”，它还可以表示“收条，收据，发票”。melancholy指“忧郁，悲哀，闷闷不乐”。
    学学这样说
    1. rainy days get me down. 雨天使我感到消沉。
    2. no one understands me. it's depressing. 没人能理解我，真让人泄气。
    3. it had been very dull to sit here all day long. 整天坐在这里很无聊。
    4. he was depressed for losing money. 他因为丢了钱很郁闷。
    5. he has been disconsolate after his wife left. 自从他妻子离开后，他就郁郁寡欢。
    6. i feel dismal in such a rainy day. 这样的雨天使我觉得很忧郁。
    7. she was weighed down with trifles. 她被琐事搞得十分忧郁。
    随机测验
    he felt dismal after reading ______ bad news in newspaper.
    a. a b. a piece of c. an d. one
    翻译
    他读了报纸上的一则坏消息后心情忧郁。
    答案：b
    提示：news为不可数名词，意为“新闻，消息”，形容“一条新闻”应当用a piece of news。

 褒贬评价

    褒贬评价
    01 you are so smart.
    你太聪明了。
    常用单词
    smart [smɑ:t] adj. 聪明的，敏捷的
    学学这样说
    1. you look great today. 你今天看上去很棒！
    2. you did a good job. 你干得非常好。
    3. we're so proud of you. 我们为你感到十分骄傲。
    4. we take great pride in you. 我们为你感到十分骄傲。
    5. you're looking sharp! 你看上去真精神！
    应用对话
    edward: you are so smart. your efforts in the success of the plan were outstanding.
    steven: i just did what i should have done.
    爱德华：你太聪明了，你为计划的成功做出了杰出贡献。
    史蒂文：我只是做了份内的事。
    02 your wife is very charming.
    你的妻子很有魅力。
    常用单词
    wife [wa?f] n. 妻子
    charming ['t?ɑ:m??] adj. 有魅力的
    学学这样说
    1. you have a good sense of humor. 你有幽默感。
    2. you are very humorous. 你很幽默。
    3. you're really talented. 你很有天赋。
    4. you are very eloquent. 你总是很有说服力。
    5. mary is a cute little girl. 玛丽是个可爱的小姑娘。
    补充短语
    have a good sense of humor 有幽默感
    03 she is very knowledgeable about literature.
    她在文学方面博学多才。
    解析 ▲ be knowledgeable about意思是“在……很博学”，about后面通常跟名词或者名词词组。
    学学这样说
    1. she speaks fluent french. 她的法语说得非常流利。
    2. my sister sings beautifully. 我妹妹唱歌唱得非常动听。
    3. the hotel is wonderfully comfortable. 这家酒店非常舒适。
    4. her beauty is beyond comparison. 她无比美丽。
    补充短语
    beyond comparison 无与伦比
    04 john has a responsible attitude to work.
    约翰对工作很负责。
    解析 ▲ have a responsible attitude to意思是“对……很负责”，相当于词组be responsible for。
    学学这样说
    1. he's quick on the uptake. 他的理解能力很强。
    2. he's efficient. 他真能干。
    3. he handles matters promptly. 他处理事情很迅速。
    4. he has a lot of common sense. 他有丰富的常识。
    5. he's very creative-he can write and paint. 他很有创作能力，既会写作又会画画。
    补充短语
    be quick on... 在……上反应很快
    05 he praised her for her courage.
    他赞扬她很勇敢。
    解析 ▲ praise是及物动词，意思是“赞扬，赞赏”，表示因为某事而赞扬某人，要用praise sb for sth的结构。
    学学这样说
    1. his modesty won him praises. 他的谦虚为他赢得了赞扬。
    2. the manager paid her a compliment on her work. 经理赞扬了她的工作。
    3. the book received considerable acclaims. 这本书倍受赞扬。
    4. she gave high praise to their policy of peace. 她高度赞扬了他们的和平政策。
    5. they have got much credit for the successful experiment.
    他们因实验成功而大受赞扬。
    补充短语
    have got much credit for... 因……而受到赞扬
    06 what a lovely baby!
    多么可爱的孩子啊！
    学学这样说
    1. the food is delicious. 这份食物很好吃！
    2. she had a sunny disposition. 她性情开朗。
    3. he gave us a sweet song. 他为我们唱了一支好听的歌曲。
    4. my brother is smart and can take care of himself. 我弟弟很聪明，可以照顾自己。
    5. what a charming dress! 好美丽的裙子啊！
    补充短语
    have a sunny disposition 性情开朗
    07 what a nuisance!
    讨厌！
    常用单词
    nuisance ['nju:sns] n. 讨厌的人，麻烦事
    学学这样说
    1. how disgusting! 真讨厌！
    2. give me a break! 让我休息一下吧！
    3. your behavior is abominable to me. 我讨厌你的行为。
    4. the smell made me vomit. 这气味让我想吐。
    5. i loathe the smell of fried fish. 我厌恶煎鱼的气味。
    补充短语
    be abominable to... 让……厌恶
    08 the idea of eating fish nauseates me.
    我一想到吃鱼就恶心。
    常用单字
    nauseate ['n?:z?e?t] v. 作呕；使恶心
    学学这样说
    1. the man was so disgusting. 那个男人真恶心。
    2. i hate fried food. 我厌恶油炸食品。
    补充短语
    fried food 油炸食品
    09 i loathe having to go to these conferences.
    我讨厌的是不得不参加这些会议。
    常用单词
    loathe [l??e] v. 讨厌
    学学这样说
    1. i took an aversion to my new boss. 我讨厌我的新老板。
    2. i have no time for idlers. 我讨厌游手好闲的人。
    3. i hate lying and cheating. 我讨厌撒谎和欺骗。
    4. i hate being alone. 我讨厌孤独。
    补充短语
    take an aversion to... 讨厌……
    10 i dislike my roommate.
    我不喜欢我的室友。
    常用单词
    dislike [d?s'la?k] v. 不喜欢，讨厌
    roommate ['r?mme?t] n. 室友
    学学这样说
    1. i hate junk food. 我讨厌垃圾食品。
    2. i took an instant dislike to him. 我一见他就不喜欢。
    3. i hate his guts. 我对他恨之入骨。
    4. i disliked him for his arrogance. 我讨厌他的傲慢。
    5. smoking is my particular aversion. 我特别讨厌吸烟。
    6. i dislike my roommate. 我不喜欢我的室友。
    应用对话
    steven: i dislike my roommate. he really turns me off.
    frank: what happened? did you have a fight?
    史蒂文：我不喜欢我的室友，他太令人讨厌了。
    弗兰克：发生了什么事？你们吵架了？
    11 he has a disinclination for work.
    他讨厌工作。
    解析 ▲ have a disinclination for是动词词组，意思是“讨厌”，for是介词，后面跟被讨厌的对象。
    学学这样说
    1. she turned away in disgust. 她厌恶地把脸转开。
    2. she cursed her unready tongue. 她讨厌她的不善言辞。
    3. he hated red tape. 他讨厌繁文缛节。
    4. he loathes washing dishes. 他讨厌洗盘子。
    补充短语
    in disgust 厌恶地
    12 i took them into my confidence.
    我对他们很信任。
    常用单词
    confidence ['k?nf?d?ns] n. 信任
    学学这样说
    1. i put reliance on him. 我相信他。
    2. we must have faith in leaders. 我们要相信领导。
    3. i trust my intuition. 我相信我的直觉。
    4. he is worthy of your trust. 他值得你信任。
    5. i trust you. 我信任你。
    补充短语
    put reliance on 相信
    have faith in 相信
    13 you can confide in her good faith.
    你可以信任她的忠诚。
    解析 ▲ confide in是一个动词词组，意思是“信任”，in后面跟名词或者名词词组。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm sure that he will win. 我确信他会获胜。
    2. i'm sure of heavy rain this afternoon. 我确信今天下午有场大雨。
    3. he can be relied on to keep secret. 相信他能保密。
    4. i don't think there can be any doubt. 我认为一切毫无疑问。
    补充短语
    keep secret 保密
    14 do you believe in me?
    你信赖我吗？
    常用单词
    believe [b?'li:v] v. 相信
    学学这样说
    1. would you credit it? 你相信吗？
    2. he has a distrust of strangers. 他不信任陌生人。
    3. kids are often very trustful. 小孩子往往容易轻信别人。
    补充短语
    have a distrust of 不相信，不信任
    believe in 相信
    15 without confidence there is no friendship.
    友谊源于信任。
    常用单词
    without [w?'ea?t] prep. 没有
    friendship ['frend??p] n. 友谊，友爱
    随机测验
    trust is the foundation ______ friendship.
    a. of b. with c. from d. off
    翻译
    信任是友谊的基础。
    答案：a
    提示：be the foundation of是固定搭配，表示“是……的基础”。
    16 it sounds fishy to me.
    这听起来很可疑。
    解析 ▲ 该句中的fishy意为“可疑的，值得怀疑的”，此外该词还可以表示“鱼腥味的，鱼味的”。
    学学这样说
    1. are you sure? 你确定吗？
    2. are you serious? 你是认真的吗？
    3. do you mean it? 是真的吗？
    4. are you joking? 你开玩笑的吧？
    5. i smell a rat. 我感觉很可疑。
    补充短语
    smell a rat 感到不妙，觉得可疑
    17 i'm rather skeptical about their honesty.
    我怀疑他们是否诚实。
    解析 ▲ skeptical意为“怀疑的，好怀疑的”，be skeptical about指“对……怀疑”。而sceptical为其变形，两个单词都表达相同的意思。
    常用单词
    rather ['rɑ:e?(r)] adv. 相当，宁愿
    honesty ['?n?st?] n. 诚实，正直
    学学这样说
    1. i doubt whether he'll come. 我怀疑他来不来。
    2. we should discredit what he said. 我们应该怀疑他说的话。
    3. i query whether he can be trusted. 我怀疑他是否可靠。
    4. i am doubtful whether it is true. 我怀疑那是否真实。
    5. they suspected him of giving false evidence. 他们怀疑他做了伪证。

 告诫劝慰

    告诫劝慰
    01 never litter anywhere.
    不要到处乱扔垃圾！
    常用单词
    litter ['l?t?(r)] v. 丢垃圾
    语法tips
    该句是祈使句，以never开头，后面跟动词原形。
    学学这样说
    1. hands up! 举起手来！
    2. get down! 趴在地上！
    3. back off! 闪开！
    4. no smoking! 请勿吸烟！
    5. smoking is not permitted here. 这里不许抽烟。
    6. keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草坪！
    7. you are not permitted to smoke here. 这里不许抽烟。
    02 i strongly urge you to change your diet.
    我郑重地劝告你要改变饮食习惯。
    学学这样说
    1. you can't be too careful. 你要再三小心。
    2. you had better hurry up. 你最好快点。
    3. you'd better keep your mouth shut. 你最好保持沉默。
    4. you had better take a raincoat. 你最好带上雨衣。
    5. you had better work hard. 你最好努力干。
    补充短语
    hurry up 快点
    应用对话
    allen: ouch! i have a horrible toothache.
    steven: i strongly urge you to change your diet. you have eaten too much dessert.
    艾伦：哦，我的牙痛死了。
    史蒂文：我郑重地劝告你要改变饮食习惯，你甜食吃得太多了。
    03 you'd better mind your own business.
    你最好少管闲事。
    解析 ▲ mind one's business的意思是“少管闲事”，一般用于威胁或者告诫。
    学学这样说
    1. i deem it wise to call him back. 我认为给他回电话是明智的。
    2. you had better own up. 你最好坦白交待。
    3. i must caution you against the danger. 我必须告诫你谨防危险。
    4. watch out! don't play with that thing. 危险，别玩那个。
    5. let us not delude ourselves! 我们还是不要再自欺欺人了！
    补充短语
    call sb back 给某人回电话
    04 he's only a child. don't be hypercritical of him for one thing or another.
    他还是个孩子，不要对他吹毛求疵。
    解析 ▲ for one thing or another意思是“因为这样或那样的事”，一般在句中作状语。
    常用单词
    child [t?a?ld] n. 孩子
    hypercritical ['ha?p?'kr?t?k?l] adj. 吹毛求疵的
    随机测验
    it is better to____your time at this job than to hurry and make mistakes.
    a. bring b. take c. put d. return
    翻译
    做这份工作还是慢慢来好些，不要匆忙而弄出错误。
    答案：b
    提示：take one's time是固定搭配，意思是“慢慢来，不急”。
    05 the headmaster gave me a written admonishment.
    校长给了我书面训诫。
    常用单词
    written ['r?tn] adj. 书面的
    admonishment [?d'm?n??m?nt] n. 训诫
    学学这样说
    1. he shouted to warn me. 他大喊着向我发出警告。
    2. the teacher advised him to change his way of living. 老师劝告他要改变生活方式。
    3. she turned a deaf ear to our warnings. 她对我们的警告充耳不闻。
    4. we had been forewarned of the risk of fire. 已经事先警告过我们有发生火灾的危险。
    补充短语
    way of living 生活方式
    turn a deaf ear to... 对……充耳不闻
    06 you can make it.
    你一定行。
    学学这样说
    1. what a relief! 真叫人宽慰！
    2. never mind. 别在意。
    3. better luck next time. 下次一定会走运的。
    4. don't give it another thought. 别放在心上。
    5. don't take it to heart. 不要放在心上。
    补充短语
    take it to heart 放在心上
    应用对话
    laura: i know life is not all roses, and i believe i will pull this through.
    steven: yeah, you can make it.
    劳拉：我知道人生并不总是康庄大道，我相信我一定能渡过危机的。
    史蒂文：是的，你一定行。
    07 it's not your fault.
    这不是你的错。
    常用单词
    fault [f?:lt] n. 过错
    学学这样说
    1. nobody's perfect! 人无完人！
    2. don't blame yourself. 别责备自己了。
    3. it happens to the best of us. 这种事谁都会遇到。
    4. just calm down a bit! 你先静一静！
    补充短语
    calm down 冷静
    08 the news brought comfort to all of us.
    这消息给我们大家带来了安慰。
    解析 ▲ bring comfort to是一个动词词组，意思是“给……带来了安慰”，to后面一般跟表示人的名词或者代词。
    常用单词
    comfort ['k?mf?t] n. 安慰
    学学这样说
    1. the president delivers some placatory remarks. 总统发表了一些安抚性的言论。
    2. the news consoled them a great deal. 这消息给了他们很大的慰藉。
    3. i found solace from watching movies when i was in trouble.
    我发现在烦恼时通过看电影可以得到安慰。
    4. your company has been a great consolation to me.
    你的陪伴对我来说是件极为安慰的事。
    09 he tried to soothe the crying child.
    他试着去哄那个在哭的孩子。
    常用单词
    try [tra?] v. 尝试，试图
    crying ['kra???] adj. 嚎哭的，叫喊的
    学学这样说
    1. his neighbors came to comfort him. 邻居们都来安慰他。
    2. he tried to console her but in vain. 他试图安慰她，但是没有用。
    3. we appeased him by saying sorry. 我们道了歉才使他平静下来。
    补充短语
    say sorry 道歉

 责任义务

    责任义务
    01 i am not afraid to assume the responsibility.
    我不怕承担责任。
    常用单词
    assume [?'sju:m] v. 承担
    学学这样说
    1. i am ready to take the blame for what has happened.
    我准备对已发生的事情承担责任。
    2. i made a mistake and i will assume responsibility for it.
    我错了，我会对此承担责任。
    3. i should be responsible for all the consequences. 我应当为这一切后果承担责任。
    4. i have learned that the path to happiness starts with commitment and personal responsibility. 我已经知道自己承担责任和义务是通向幸福生活的起点。
    补充短语
    take the blame for... 承担……的责任
    assume responsibility for 为……承担责任
    02 young people ought to carry out their responsibilities.
    年轻人应该要承担责任。
    学学这样说
    1. you have to face the music. 你必须勇于承担责任。
    2. you are certainly the one who is willing to stand and be counted.
    你肯定是那个会挺身而出、愿意承担责任的人。
    3. bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故承担责任。
    4. i despise his refusing to accept the responsibility. 他拒不承担责任，我鄙视他。
    5. he took the blame for it, which was a bum rap. 他为此承担责任是不公平的。
    6. these young people hurry into marriage without considering responsibilities.
    这些年轻人没有考虑到要承担的责任就匆匆结婚。
    7. parents are ultimately responsible for their own health and the health of their children. 父母最终还是要为他们自己的健康以及他们孩子的健康承担责任。
    补充短语
    face the music 承担责任
    应用对话
    tom: what if old people are in poor health and need to be looked after?
    steven: young people ought to carry out their responsibilities. if it's needed, they would live with their parents.
    汤姆：老年人身体不好需要照顾怎么办？
    史蒂文：年轻人应该要承担责任，如果需要的话，他们会回到父母身边一起生活的。
    03 the staff will be accountable for their own performance.
    员工将对他们自己的表现承担责任。
    解析 ▲ be accountable for的意思是“为……承担责任”，for后面跟表示行为、过错、事故等的名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. will the provider take responsibility? 供应商是否将承担责任？
    2. you will answer to me for any damage to the car.
    如果这辆汽车有任何损坏，你要对我承担责任。
    3. senior clerks have more experience and they have to take responsibility and go forward. 年长的职员有更多的经验，他们必须承担责任并继续前进。
    4. it's very important for older players to take responsibility and use it wisely.
    对于老队员来说，承担责任和合理利用是很重要的。
    5. you must bear full responsibility for all the consequences.
    一切后果必须由你方承担全部责任。
    补充短语
    bear full responsibility for... 承担……的全部责任

 恋爱婚姻

    恋爱婚姻
    01 i think you're great.
    我觉得你很不错。
    学学这样说
    1. i'll love you forever. 我永远爱你。
    2. i'll always love you. 我永远爱你。
    3. i'll love you for my whole life. 我永远爱你。
    4. you're everything to me. 你是我的一切。
    5. you're the most beautiful woman i've ever seen. 你是我见到过的最美的女人。
    补充短语
    be everything to... 是……的一切
    应用对话
    steven: what do you think of me?
    julia: i think you're great. but what on earth do you want to say？
    史蒂文：你觉得我怎么样？
    茱莉娅：我觉得你很不错。不过，你到底想说什么？
    02 you have won my heart.
    我的心里全是你。
    解析 ▲ win one's heart是一个动词词组，意思是“占据了某人的心”。
    学学这样说
    1. i can't live without you. 没有你我无法活下去。
    2. you mean everything to me. 你是我的一切。
    3. you mean the world to me. 你就是我的全部。
    4. i think of you night and day. 我时时刻刻都想着你。
    5. i think of you constantly. 我无时无刻不在想着你。
    补充短语
    night and day 时时刻刻
    03 i think i'm in love with you.
    我想我爱上你了。
    学学这样说
    1. it was love at first sight. 那是一见钟情。
    2. i fell in love with you the first time i saw you. 我对你一见钟情。
    应用对话
    steven: i think i'm in love with you.
    julia: really?
    史蒂文：我想我爱上你了。
    茱莉娅：真的吗？
    04 you're my kind of girl.
    你是我喜欢的那种女孩。
    常用单词
    kind [ka?nd] n. 类型
    学学这样说
    1. you're my type. 你是我喜欢的那种类型。
    2. you're the right girl for me. 你是我喜欢的那种女孩。
    3. you make me happy. 你使我感到幸福。
    4. i'm happy to have met you. 能认识你我非常高兴。
    5. i'm glad i've known you. 能认识你我非常高兴。
    6. i want you to meet my parents. 我想让你见见我的父母。
    应用对话
    steven: you're my kind of woman. i'm happy to have known you.
    julia: are you sure?
    史蒂文：因为你是我喜欢的那种类型。能认识你我非常幸福。
    茱莉娅：你确定吗？
    05 i fell in love with jack.
    我爱上了杰克。
    解析 ▲ fall in love with是一个动词词组，意思是“爱上了……”。另外，词组be in love with也表示“爱上……”。两者的区别在于，前者强调动作，后者强调的是状态。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm deeply in love with rose. 我深深地爱着罗丝。
    2. i love rose with all my heart. 我深爱着罗丝。
    06 she is a knockout.
    她真迷人。
    常用单词
    knockout ['n?ka?t] n. 绝代佳人
    学学这样说
    1. i think he has a crush on you. 我觉得他好像喜欢你。
    2. i think he is infatuated with you. 我觉得他迷上你了。
    3. i've got the feeling that she likes me. 我感觉她喜欢我。
    4. she has been coming on to jack. 她对杰克有意思。
    补充短语
    have a crush on... 喜欢上……
    07 i'm trying to get a date with her.
    我打算和她约会。
    解析 ▲ get a date with是一个动词词组，意思是“和……约会”，后面常跟表示人的名词或者代词，相当于词组have a date with。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm dying to see her. 我非常想见到她。
    2. i'm trying to make a pass at her. 我想追求她。
    3. lily has grown on me. 我越来越喜欢莉莉了。
    补充短语
    make a pass at... 追求……
    08 i want to invite you to watch a movie with me.
    我想约你一起去看电影。
    学学这样说
    1. would you mind if i take you out? 我可以约你吗？
    2. would you go on a date with me? 你愿意跟我约会吗？
    3. if you're free, why don't we go out tonight? 要是你晚上有空，我们出去走走行吗？
    4. would you like to go to the cinema with me? 你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？
    5. i'd like to invite you to a show. 我想请你去看场演出。
    补充短语
    go on a date with... 和……约会
    应用对话
    julia: what's up?
    steven: i want to invite you to watch a movie with me.
    茱莉娅：什么事？
    史蒂文：我想约你一起去看电影。
    09 i need to think of it for some time.
    我需要点时间考虑考虑。
    学学这样说
    1. i don't want to get engaged yet. 我还不想订婚。
    2. i don't think we should get engaged yet. 我觉得我们还不到该订婚的时候。
    3. i'm not sure if i will marry her. 我还不确定是否要和她结婚。
    4. she repulsed his offer of marriage. 她断然拒绝了他的求婚。
    5. she refused his proposal of marriage. 她断然拒绝了他的求婚。
    补充短语
    get engaged 订婚
    应用对话
    steven: so, will you marry me?
    julia: i need to think of it for some time.
    史蒂文：那么，你愿意嫁给我吗？
    茱莉娅：我需要点时间考虑考虑。
    10 he had already proposed marriage, unsuccessfully twice.
    他已经求婚了两次，均未成功。
    常用单词
    propose [pr?'p??z] v. 求婚
    marriage ['m?r?d?] n. 婚姻
    学学这样说
    1. he proposed to her and she accepted him. 他向她求婚，她同意了。
    2. he was very nervous right before he asked for julie's hand in marriage.
    他在向茱莉求婚之前非常紧张。
    3. she has had an offer of marriage. 有人向她求婚了。
    4. he has been trying for weeks to pluck up the courage to pop the question.
    几个星期以来，他一直想鼓起勇气求婚。
    5. his efforts paid off when the girl accepted his proposal.
    他的努力没有白费，女孩接受了他的求婚。
    6. why not say yes at the first time of being proposed?
    在他第一次向你求婚的时候，你为什么不答应呢？
    7. to his surprise, nancy treated his proposal as a joke.
    令他惊讶的是，南希把他的求婚当作了一个玩笑。
    补充短语
    propose to 向……求婚
    pluck up the courage 鼓起勇气
    11 my daughter is engaged to a teacher.
    我女儿和一位老师订婚了。
    解析 ▲ 词组be engaged to的意思是“和……订婚”，其中的to是介词，后面跟表示人的名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. my sister has been engaged for three months. 我妹妹订婚已经有3个月了。
    2. i don't want the news about our engagement to come out yet.
    我还不想让人知道我们订婚的消息。
    3. you got someone engaged last week, is it true? 你上周订婚了，是真的吗？
    4. congratulations on your engagement! 恭喜你订婚！
    5. please accept our sincere wishes for your engagement.
    请接受我们对您订婚的衷心祝愿。
    6. when she said she was engaged, i nearly fell off my chair.
    当她说她订婚了时，我大吃一惊。
    补充短语
    fall off one's chair 大吃一惊
    12 if you didn't love your boyfriend, you can consider giving him the air.
    如果你不再爱你的男朋友了，可以考虑和他分手。
    解析 ▲ give sb the air的意思是“和某人分手”，表示“被某人甩掉”可以用词组get the air from sb。
    学学这样说
    1. why do you have to break up with her? 你为什么非要和她分手？
    2. their parents forced them to break up. 他们的父母强迫他们分手。
    3. they split because they have very different ideas about life.
    他们因生活理念相关太大而分手了。
    4. he is not the man you broke up with, is he? 他不是那个和你分手的男人吧？
    5. if we have to part, i hope we can part as friends.
    如果我们必须分手，我希望双方像朋友那样分开。
    13 lily broke up with me last week.
    上周莉莉和我分手了。
    学学这样说
    1. it seems to be a long time since your separation. 你们分手好像有很长时间了。
    2. to make matters worse, it is rumored that they eventually broke up.
    更糟的是，谣传他们最终分手了。
    3. tom and mary split up after they graduated from college.
    汤姆和玛丽大学毕业后便分手了。
    4. ken was worried that he might get a "dear john" letter from his girlfriend.
    肯担心他可能会收到女朋友寄来的分手信。
    5. four months ago, my girlfriend and i broke up. 4个月前，我和我的女朋友分手了。
    6. the romance blossomed for six or seven months and then wilted.
    那段感情持续了六七个月之后就告吹了。
    7. they have parted company this month after seven years together.
    他们恋爱7年了，却在这个月分手了。
    补充短语
    split up 分手
    应用对话
    steven: tom, you look thoughtful and unhappy recently. what's wrong with you?
    tom: lily broke up with me last week. in fact, she dumped me.
    史蒂文：汤姆，你最近看起来总是若有所思，又不开心。你是怎么了？
    汤姆：上周莉莉和我分手了。确切地说，是她甩了我。
    14 he is enslaved by love.
    他正沉溺于爱情。
    解析 ▲ 词组be enslaved by的意思是“对……上瘾”，介词by后面跟名词或者代词。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm in love for real this time. 这次我是真的恋爱了。
    2. i think i've met the love of my life. 我认为我已找到理想的爱人了。
    3. her love for him never waved. 她对他的爱从未动摇过。
    4. two men are trying to win anne's affection. 安妮有两个男人追求。
    5. he gave his girlfriend a ring as a token of his love.
    他送给女友一枚戒指，作为爱情的信物。
    6. the ring was important to her as an emblem of their love.
    这枚戒指是他们爱情的象征，对她很重要。
    补充短语
    as a token of... 作为……的象征

 电影电视

    电影电视
    01 the movie started at seven and ended at half past nine.
    电影从7点开始放映，到9点半结束。
    解析 ▲ 时间点的表达，通常与介词at连用；如果是整点，通常用基数词和o'clock连用；如果不是整点，则是借助介词to（多于30分钟）或是past（不多于30分钟）来表达。
    学学这样说
    1. when does the film begin? 电影什么时候开始？
    2. how long does the movie last? 电影放多长时间？
    3. how long will the movie last? 电影将持续多长时间？
    4. how long is the movie? 电影要放多久？
    5. what time will the movie be over? 电影几点结束？
    6. what time will the movie end? 电影几点结束？
    7. the film hadn't yet begun by the time we got there.
    当我们到那儿的时候，电影还没有开始。
    补充短语
    what time... 什么时候……
    by the time... 到……时候为止
    02 is there anything good on?
    有什么好电影吗？
    语法tips
    例句为there be句型的一般疑问句形式。形容词good修饰不定代词anything，须位于不定代词之后；形容词on在句中是指电影、戏剧等正在进行中。
    学学这样说
    1. what's on tomorrow evening? 明天晚上放什么电影？
    2. what's playing tomorrow evening? 明天晚上放什么电影？
    3. they've got star wars on. 电影院正上演《星球大战》。
    4. they are showing titanic. 《泰坦尼克号》正在上演。
    5. there is an interesting film on channel two. 在2频道有一部有趣的电影。
    应用对话
    nancy: is there anything good on?
    steven: titanic is playing tonight. it's a blockbuster.
    南希：有什么好电影吗？
    史蒂文：《泰坦尼克号》今晚上映，这可是大片。
    03 are you going to the theater with me tonight?
    今天晚上一块去看电影好吗？
    常用单词
    theater ['θ??t?] n. 剧院，戏院，电影院
    tonight [t?'na?t] adv. 今晚
    随机测验
    a: are you going to _____ a visit to your aunt tomorrow?
    b: yes. my sister will go with me together.
    a. pay b. paying c. paid d. pays
    翻译
    a：明天你要去看望你姑姑吗？
    b：是的。我妹妹将要和我一起去。
    答案：a
    提示：be going to为固定词组，意为“打算，将要，准备要”，后接动词原形。
    04 ok, let's meet at the theater entrance tonight.
    好，咱们今晚在电影院门口见吧。
    解析 ▲ let's...可以视为固定句型，意为“让我们……”，后接动词原形，相当于let us...；tonight在句中是作时间副词，通常用于句末。
    学学这样说
    1. let's sit in the front of the cinema. 我们坐到影院的前面吧。
    2. you are in the back of the cinema, aren't you? 你们坐在电影院的后面，是吗？
    3. i groped my way to a seat in the dim cinema.
    我在昏暗的电影院里摸索着找一个座位。
    4. really? i want to go, too. 是吗？我也想去。
    5. don't be late. 不要迟到。
    补充短语
    in the back of... 在……后面
    grope one's way to... 摸索着走……
    05 i get a lump in my throat whenever i see a tragic movie.
    我一看悲剧电影就很难过。
    常用单词
    tragic ['tr?d??k] adj. 悲剧的
    movie ['mu:v?] n. 电影
    语法tips
    例句中，含有连词whenever（相当于no matter when）引导的时间状语从句。句中有习语have/get a lump in one's/the throat，意为“喉咙哽住，哽咽”。
    应用对话
    nancy: i get a lump in my throat whenever i see a tragic movie.
    steven: tragic movie? i think it's a love story.
    南希：我一看悲剧电影就很难过。
    史蒂文：悲剧电影？我觉得那是爱情片。
    06 he was on edge of his seat through the action movie.
    他在看那部动作电影时一直很紧张。
    语法tips
    (be) on edge为固定词组，意为“紧张不安的，兴奋的，易怒的，烦躁的”；介词through在句中意为“从（某事的）开始至结束，自始至终，从头到尾”。
    学学这样说
    1. that movie we saw last night was very boring, wasn't it?
    我们昨晚看的那部电影真没劲，不是吗？
    2. it's said that the movie is a hit. 据说那部电影很卖座。
    3. that movie he starred is a blockbuster. 他主演的那部电影很火。
    4. what do you think of the new film? 你认为那部新电影怎么样？
    5. the film you recommended is really worth watching.
    你推荐的这部电影真的值得看。
    补充短语
    think of... 认为……
    be worth doing... 值得……
    07 this new film is said to be adapted from a classic novel.
    据说，这部新影片是根据一本经典小说改编的。
    解析 ▲ be said to do意为“据说”，相当it's said that...；be adapted from...(for...) 为固定词组，意为“由……改编”。
    学学这样说
    1. it is said that the new film is adapted from a classic novel.
    据说，这部新影片是根据一本经典小说改编的。
    2. i heard that black hawk down is a war film, isn't it?
    我听说《黑鹰坠落》是一部战争片，是吗？
    3. is the movie starred by the famous actor? 这部电影是那位著名演员主演的吗？
    4. the cast of the play includes many famous actors.
    这个剧的演员名单中有许多位名演员。
    5. do you know who is in this movie? 你知道这部电影是谁演的吗？
    6. this new love film has evoked general approval.
    这部新的爱情影片赢得了大众的认可。
    补充短语
    be starred by... 由……主演
    evoke general approval 赢得大众的认可
    08 how about going to see a love movie tonight?
    今晚我们去看爱情片怎么样？
    语法tips
    how about...为固定词组，意为“……怎么样”，用于表示委婉的建议、请求、邀请、询问等，通常后接名词、v-ing形式，相当于what about。
    学学这样说
    1. what's your favorite film? 你最喜欢看的电影是什么？
    2. i like comedies and love films. 我喜欢看喜剧和爱情片。
    3. i dare say some adults also enjoy cartoons. 我敢说一些成年人也喜欢看动画片。
    4. i'm going to watch star wars. 我打算看《星球大战》。
    5. we're expecting your new film. 我们期待着你的新片上映。
    应用对话
    nancy: how about going to see a love movie tonight?
    steven: ok. i will pick you up at seven o'clock.
    南希：今晚我们去看爱情片怎么样？
    史蒂文：好的。7点钟我会开车去接你。
    09 frankly speaking, i have no interest in war films.
    老实说，我对战争片不感兴趣。
    常用单词
    frankly ['fr??kl?] adv. 坦白地，真诚地
    film [f?lm] n. 电影
    随机测验
    a: shall we go to cinema this evening?
    b: to tell you the truth, i feel no interest _____ films.
    a. from b. to c. in d. at
    翻译
    a：今晚我们去看电影，好吗？
    b：说实话，我对电影没有什么兴趣。
    答案：c
    提示：feel/have/show/express/take no interest in...为固定词组，意为“对……没有兴趣”；而arouse/provoke/stimulate a lot of interest则表示“……引起/激起/唤起很大兴趣”。
    10 keep the children away from those crime dramas.
    不要让孩子们看那些犯罪片。
    解析 ▲ keep sb away from...为固定词组，意为“不让某人靠近/接近……”；sb如果是人称代词，须用宾格形式。
    学学这样说
    1. these old films are wonderful. 这些老电影非常好看。
    2. the movie has been hyped up far beyond its worth. 这部影片被吹得太离谱了。
    3. we were deeply touched by the sentimental story the movie told.
    我们被那部电影讲述的伤感故事深深地打动了。
    4. it is the most popular independent french movie.
    它是最受欢迎的独立制作的法国电影。
    5. i think the film does have some positive effects.
    我认为这部电影的确有些积极影响。
    6. he performed the role well. 他这个角色演得不错。
    7. the new thriller is a real eye-popper. 这部新的惊悚电影令人大饱眼福。
    8. that was undoubtedly the best film i've seen all year.
    那无疑是我全年中所看过的最好的一部电影。
    补充短语
    hype...up 言过其实地宣传……
    far beyond... 远远超出……
    be deeply touched by... 被……深深触动
    11 i can't understand why they're so crazy about soccer.
    我不理解他们怎么对足球这么着迷。
    常用单词
    understand [ '?nd?'st?nd] v. 理解，懂得
    crazy ['kre?z?] adj. 疯狂的，狂热的
    语法tips
    be crazy about...为固定词组，意为“对……狂热，热衷于……”，其宾语可以是人（如果是人称代词，须为宾格形式），也可以是物，通常用于口语中。
    应用对话
    steven: i find that david is a tv buff. whenever i come to visit, he is always watching tv.
    adam: i can't understand why he's so crazy about soccer.
    史蒂文：我发现大卫是个电视迷，每次我来，他都在看电视。
    亚当：我不理解他怎么对足球这么着迷。
    12 what excellent program do you recommend to us?
    你给我们推荐什么好节目呢？
    语法tips
    recommend...(to sb)为固定词组，意为“对某人推许/推荐/赞许……，（指特质等）使……显得可取”，也可以用作recommend...(for.../as...)。
    学学这样说
    1. is there anything worth watching on channels now? 现在有什么好看的节目吗？
    2. are there any good programs on tv now? 现在电视上有什么好看的节目吗？
    3. are there any interesting programs on tv now? 现在电视上有什么有趣的节目吗？
    4. i like soap operas best. 我最喜欢看肥皂剧。
    5. would you change/switch the channel? 能不能换个台？
    6. would you change the station? 能不能换个台？
    7. what's on tv tonight? 今晚有什么电视节目？
    8. what's the program on tv tonight? 今晚有什么电视节目？
    补充短语
    soap opera 肥皂剧
    change/switch the channel/station 换台
    13 the last episode of this series will be on next monday.
    这部电视剧的最后一集将于下周一播映。
    解析 ▲ episode作可数名词，可以表示“（电视等的）一集”，如the next/final episode（下一集/大结局）；也可以表示“（小说或人生等的）片段，插曲”。
    学学这样说
    1. what's on channel 2 tonight? 今晚2频道放映什么节目？
    2. what is your favorite tv program? 你喜欢的电视节目是什么？
    3. do you watch music shows on tv? 你看电视上的音乐演出吗？
    4. let's switch to channel 4. 我们转到4频道吧。
    5. i like to watch tv programs about science. 我喜欢看关于科学的电视节目。
    6. don't you want to see the next episode of the tv series?
    你难道不想看那部电视剧的下一集吗？
    补充短语
    switch to... 转变成……，切换到……
    tv series 电视连续剧
    14 he can't help but watch tv during meals or before bed.
    他吃饭时、睡觉前几乎都离不了电视。
    语法tips
    can't help but do为固定词组，意为“情不自禁地做某事”，相当于can't help doing；而can/could not help则是意为“（不）能防止或避免某事物”，后接名词、代词、反身代词等。
    学学这样说
    1. i like to watch tv. 我喜欢看电视。
    2. i enjoy watching tv. 我喜欢看电视。
    3. what kind of tv show do you enjoy? 你喜欢看什么电视节目？
    4. what sort of tv show do you prefer? 你喜欢看什么电视节目？
    5. the most comfortable thing is to watch tv on the couch.
    最惬意的事情就是躺在沙发上看电视。
    6. your son is such a couch potato. 你儿子真是一个电视迷。
    7. what program got you hooked? 什么节目这么吸引你？
    8. what program makes you so concentrated? 什么节目这么吸引你？
    应用对话
    adam: david is keen on watching tv.
    steven: he can't help but watch tv during meals or before bed. he's watching the soccer game now.
    亚当：大卫很爱看电视。
    史蒂文：他吃饭时、睡觉前几乎都离不了电视。现在他又在看足球比赛了。
    15 this movie just came out and i am going to watch it.
    这部电影刚出来，我要看这个。
    随机测验
    a: the play is due to _____ at the theater next month.
    b: really? i will try to get two tickets.
    a. premiering b. premiers c. premiered d. be premiered
    翻译
    a：这出戏剧将于下个月在这个剧院首映。
    b：真的吗？我要设法买两张票。
    答案：d
    提示：be due to do为固定词组，意为“预定/约定/预期做某事”。premiere作动词，意为“首次公演（戏剧/电影）”，通常用于被动语态；作名词，通常用作have/show premieres。
    16 many people say that the series are such a mess.
    许多人说这部连续剧很烂。
    解析 ▲ be (in) (such) a (real/nice/fine) mess为固定词组，意为“混乱/紊乱/杂乱的状态”，mess用作单数形式；而make a mess of...则是表示“弄乱/糟……”。
    学学这样说
    1. when the series was premiered, it caught much attention.
    该剧首映时引起了很多人的注意。
    2. it's one of the few excellent tv plays i've seen last year.
    这是我去年看过的为数不多的优秀电视剧之一。
    3. the tv play was first shown last winter. 这部电视剧最早是在去年冬天播出的。
    4. how was the football match you watched on tv last night?
    你昨晚在电视上看的那个足球比赛怎么样？
    5. you have wasted too much time on soap operas.
    你浪费了太多时间在看肥皂剧上。
    补充短语
    catch much attention 引起诸多注意
    waste time on... 浪费时间在……
    17 in fact i think most variety shows at present are kind of boring.
    事实上我认为现在大部分的综艺节目都有些无聊。
    常用单词
    variety [v?'ra??t?] n. 多样，种类
    boring ['b?:r??] adj. 无聊的
    语法tips
    in fact为固定词组，意为“事实上”，相当于as a matter of fact；at present意为“现在，目前”，相当于at the moment；kind of意为“有点”，相当于a little/bit。
    应用对话
    steven: shall we turn on the tv and watch some variety shows?
    adam: in fact i think most variety shows at present are kind of boring.
    史蒂文：我们打开电视，看综艺节目好吗？
    亚当：事实上我认为现在大部分的综艺节目都有些无聊。
    18 you shall enrich your knowledge if you watch news every day.
    你如果每天看新闻，就会丰富你的知识。
    语法tips
    enrich作及物动词，通常后接名词，如enrich one's life/knowledge；也可以用于固定词组enrich...with...，意为“用/通过……使……丰富”。
    学学这样说
    1. there are some cartoons on tv for children. 电视上有一些给孩子看的动画片。
    2. if you want to watch a boxing match, switch to the channel.
    如果你想看拳击比赛，就转到那个频道吧。
    3. the variety show on channel one is one of the most popular programmes in history. 1频道的综艺节目是有史以来最受欢迎的电视节目之一。
    4. i wonder what's on after the news. 我想知道新闻之后放什么。
    5. there'll be some penetrating sport reviews on tv. 电视上会有一些精辟的体育评论。
    6. i missed world news last night. 我昨晚错过看《世界新闻》了。
    补充短语
    boxing match 拳击赛

 音乐绘画

    音乐绘画
    01 i'm no judge of music, but i have my taste.
    在音乐方面我是外行，不过我有自己喜好的音乐。
    解析 ▲ be no/a good judge of...为固定词组，意为“对……没有/有鉴赏力”；taste表示“爱好，嗜好”，可以作可数名词或是不可数名词，通常用作have a/no taste (for...)。
    学学这样说
    1. i often listen to music when i'm alone. 当我独自一人时，我经常听音乐。
    2. turn on the radio and let's listen to some music. 打开收音机，咱们听听音乐吧。
    3. when she is free, she will listen to pop music on the radio.
    她有空时会听电台的流行音乐。
    4. a song i heard on the radio changed my life.
    我在收音机上听到的一首歌改变了我的生活。
    5. they went to a concert together to hear the russian symphony orchestra.
    他们一起去音乐会听了俄罗斯交响乐团的演奏。
    6. i know the tune, but i forget the lyrics. 我知道曲调，但是我忘记了歌词。
    补充短语
    turn on... 打开……
    go to the concert 听音乐会
    02 i can sing the song if it is not the newest one. but when it comes to foreign songs i can only hum.
    只要不是最新的歌曲，我就会唱。但是国外的歌曲我就只会哼一哼。
    语法tips
    when it comes to为固定结构，通常用于口语中，用以引出某一话题，意为“当提到，一谈到”。
    学学这样说
    1. the pianist was asked to play an ancient irish melody.
    钢琴家被请求弹奏一支古老的爱尔兰曲调。
    2. my daughter loves rock music, but i cannot stand it.
    我女儿热爱摇滚音乐，可是我忍受不了。
    3. we get great support from music. 我们从音乐中获得巨大的支持。
    4. i suppose you guys all love music. 我猜你们都热爱音乐吧。
    5. most people like cheerful music that they can dance to.
    大多数人喜欢可以用来跳舞的欢快的音乐。
    6. although metal music is shocking, i prefer light music which makes people comfortable. 虽然金属乐曲很令人震撼，不过我还是喜欢让人感觉舒服的轻音乐。
    应用对话
    steven: can you sing?
    maria: not the newest one, but when it comes to foreign songs i can only hum.
    史蒂文：那你会唱吗？
    玛利亚：只要不是最新的歌曲。但是国外的歌曲我就只会哼一哼。
    03 he likes pop music as well as jazz music.
    他喜欢流行音乐和爵士乐。
    常用单词
    jazz [d??z] n. 爵士乐
    music ['mju:z?k] n. 音乐
    随机测验
    a: what music do you think he might like?
    b: tom tells me he likes pop music as _____ as jazz music.
    a. bad b. well c. good d. poor
    翻译
    a：你认为他可能会喜欢什么音乐？
    b：汤姆告诉我，他喜欢流行音乐和爵士乐。
    答案：b
    提示：as well as为固定词组，意为“和，与，同”，通常用于连接并列的名词、
    代词等。
    04 her father also likes rock music, which is out of her expectation.
    她父亲也喜欢摇滚乐，这真是出乎她的意料。
    解析 ▲ out of one's expectation为固定词组，意为“出乎意料，意想不到”，相当于beyond one's expectation或是against/contrary to (all) expectation(s)。
    学学这样说
    1. he listened to her playing the piano with ecstasy. 他听她弹钢琴听得入了神。
    2. we feel relaxed by listening to music. 听音乐使我们放松。
    3. how tuneful the song sounds! 这歌曲多么美妙动听！
    4. listening to music can help relax her mind. 听音乐能帮助她放松心情。
    5. it is very pleasant to stay at home and listen to music.
    待在家里听音乐真是件令人愉快的事。
    6. going to a concert with the musician is an educational experience.
    与那位音乐家一起去听音乐会实在是受益匪浅。
    补充短语
    with ecstasy 入神
    05 i was carried away by the beautiful melody.
    我被这美妙的旋律迷住了。
    常用单词
    beautiful ['bju:t?fl] adj. 美丽的，迷人的
    melody ['mel?d?] n. 旋律
    语法tips
    carry sb away为固定词组，意为“使某人失去自制力/非常兴奋”，通常用于被动语态，即为be carried away by...。
    应用对话
    steven: you seemed to be in ecstasies.
    maria: i was carried away by the beautiful melody.
    史蒂文：你似乎是入迷了。
    玛利亚：我被这美妙的旋律迷住了。
    06 delightful music regales our ears.
    美妙的音乐使我们大饱耳福。
    语法tips
    regale作及物动词，通常用于正式文体或是戏谑语境中，意为“（用故事/笑话等）使某人快乐/喜悦，以（尤指上等的）食物和饮料供某人享用”，通常用于固定词组regale sb with...。
    学学这样说
    1. listening to dolorous music calms me down.
    听忧伤的音乐能让我冷静。
    2. i've never heard such sweet music before.
    我以前从来没有听过如此美妙动听的音乐。
    3. the voice of the soprano is rich and charming. 那位女高音的嗓音圆润而迷人。
    4. many passers-by were drawn to his music. 很多路过的人都被他的音乐吸引了。
    5. i believe that music will cheer you up. 我相信那音乐会使你的心情愉快起来。
    补充短语
    calm (sb) down 使某人镇静╱安静╱镇定
    draw sb (to...) 吸引某人，使某人感兴趣
    07 you really have an ear for classic music.
    你确实对古典音乐很有欣赏力。
    解析 ▲ have an ear (for...)为固定词组，意为“对（音乐/语言有鉴赏和分辨能力）”，ear可以用形容词good等修饰。
    学学这样说
    1. she was famous as a musical critic. 她作为一个音乐评论家而出名。
    2. i like mozart's music. 我喜欢莫扎特创作的乐曲。
    3. what a fine performance of beethoven! 贝多芬的乐曲被演奏得很精彩！
    4. i think beethoven's music is very inspirational. 我认为贝多芬的曲子非常鼓舞人。
    5. joy and love are the themes of all his songs. 欢乐与爱情是他所有歌曲的主题。
    6. what do you think of the rock concert? 你认为这次的摇滚音乐会如何？
    7. what can you learn from music? 从音乐中你能学到什么？
    8. the song had a good beat that you could dance to and it also has powerful lyrics. 这首歌的节奏很强，你可以跟着跳舞，而且歌词也很有感染力。
    补充短语
    be famous as... 作为……而出名
    rock concert 摇滚音乐会
    dance to... 随着……起舞
    08 rock is considered as the music of teenage rebellion.
    摇滚乐被看成是青少年的反叛音乐。
    语法tips
    be considered as...为固定词组，意为“被认为是……，被视为……”，即为consider...(as...)的被动语态形式，be动词要随主语的人称、单复数形式的变化而变化。
    学学这样说
    1. i think that some songs are helpful in our life.
    我认为有些歌曲对我们的生活有帮助。
    2. as we all know, music is transnational. 我们都知道音乐是超越国界的。
    3. music can pure the soul. 音乐可以洗掉灵魂上的尘埃。
    4. some songs with nice lyrics can make people feel good.
    有些歌词很棒的歌曲让人感觉很好。
    5. the musician thinks that music can give him higher revelations than philosophy. 这位音乐家认为音乐能够给予他比哲学更高的启示。
    应用对话
    steven: you seem to dislike rock music.
    maria: rock is considered as the music of teenage rebellion.
    史蒂文：你似乎不喜欢摇滚乐。
    玛利亚：摇滚乐被看成是青少年的反叛音乐。
    09 i like listening to music programs, classical and pop alike.
    我喜欢收听音乐节目，古典和流行的都喜欢听。
    常用单词
    program ['pr??gr?m] n. 节目，程序
    classical ['kl?s?kl] adj. 古典的，经典的
    随机测验
    a: what do you do in your free time?
    b: i like listening to music programs, classical and pop _____.
    a. like b. wel c. alike d. either
    翻译
    a：空闲的时候，你会做什么？
    b：我喜欢收听音乐节目，古典和流行的都喜欢听。
    答案：c
    提示：alike作副词，意为“同样地，相同地，以同样的方式”，相当于in the same way，通常用于动词之后。
    10 they had been dab hands at painting.
    他们擅长绘画。
    解析 ▲ (be) a dab (hand) (at...)为固定词组，意为“……能手”，通常用于英式英语口语中，相当于be skilled in/at (doing)、be good at (doing)、be expert at/in/on (doing)等
    学学这样说
    1. he is good at painting. 他擅长绘画。
    2. he has skills in painting. 他擅长绘画。
    3. he draws with broad strokes. 他用粗线条绘画。
    4. she is addicted to drawing. 她酷爱绘画。
    5. she was engrossed in painting. 她全神贯注于绘画。
    6. my hobby is painting. 我的爱好是绘画。
    补充短语
    be good at... 擅长……
    be engrossed in/with... 全神贯注于……
    11 her daughter is dead nuts on painting.
    她的女儿热衷于绘画。
    语法tips
    nuts用于俚语中，作形容词时可以表示“疯狂，发疯”；be nuts about/on...为固定词组，意为“热恋某人，迷恋某事物”。
    学学这样说
    1. he has a gift for painting. 他有绘画的天赋。
    2. have you got a gift for painting? 你有绘画的才能吗？
    3. what i most enjoy is drawing. 我最喜欢的是绘画。
    4. i have done with painting. 我已经不画画了。
    5. his gift as a painter flowered quite early. 他的绘画天赋很早就显露出来。
    6. it is recently that i began painting. 我是在最近才开始绘画的。
    补充短语
    have a gift (for.../for doing...) 有……天赋/禀赋/才能
    be/have done with... 不再做某事，与……再无关系
    12 he made a drawing of flowers for his daughter.
    他给他的女儿画了一张花卉图。
    解析 ▲ drawing作可数名词，表示“图画，图样”，make/do a drawing of...为固定词组，意为“画……”；作不可数名词，表示“绘画（艺术），制图（技巧）”。
    学学这样说
    1. he started painting this year. 今年他开始绘画。
    2. the art of painting is difficult to learn. 高超的绘画技巧是很难掌握的。
    3. i used to take drawing classes when i was a child. 我小时候上过绘画课。
    4. he spent the whole day in drawing in the room. 他一整天都在房间里画画。
    5. painting was the love of her father's life. 绘画是她父亲毕生的爱好。
    补充短语
    the love of one's life 最喜爱的东西/活动，最理想的爱人
    13 the student paints in the fashion of van gogh.
    那位学生模仿梵高的绘画风格。
    语法tips
    after/in the fashion of sb为固定词组，意为“像某人一样，模仿某人的风格”，通常用于正式文体中，sb如果是人称代词，须用宾格形式。
    学学这样说
    1. the student models the style of van gogh. 那位学生模仿梵高的绘画风格。
    2. van gogh was a painting master of post-impressionism.
    梵高是后印象派绘画大师。
    3. the distortion of form is a feature of his painting.
    形状的扭曲是他绘画的一个特点。
    4. carl is famous as a painter. 卡尔是有名的画家。
    5. the painter's works set the benchmark for painting's quality.
    那位画家的作品成为衡量画作质量的标准。
    应用对话
    steven: it's said that the student paints in the fashion of van gogh.
    mike: i did not notice that.
    史蒂文：据说，那位学生模仿梵高的绘画风格。
    迈克：我没有注意到。
    14 abstract paintings can never appeal to him.
    抽象派画作从来都引不起他的兴趣。
    常用单词
    abstract ['?bstr?kt] adj. 抽象的
    appeal [?'pi:l] v. 吸引，呼吁
    随机测验
    a: shall we buy the painting for him?
    b: i think abstract paintings can never appeal _____ him.
    a. to b. from c. at d. on
    翻译
    a：我们为他买下那幅画好吗？
    b：我想，抽象派画作从来都引不起他的兴趣。
    答案：a
    提示：appeal to sb为固定词组，意为“对某人有吸引力，使某人感兴趣”；而appeal to sb for...则是表示“恳求/呼吁某人……”。
    15 the painting is typical of its kind.
    这幅画在同类绘画中有代表性。
    解析 ▲ be typical (of...)为固定词组，意为“……典型的/有代表性的”；而it is typical of sb to do则是表示“某人总是/特别喜欢做某事”。
    学学这样说
    1. i like abstract art, but i prefer impressionistic art.
    我喜欢抽象画，不过我更喜欢印象派的画。
    2. the impressionists ignited a revolution with their movement.
    印象派画家用行动点燃了绘画界的一次大革命。
    3. impressionism changed the way that people considered art before.
    印象派改变了人们以前对于艺术的看法。
    4. he is an impressionism artist. 他是位印象派画家。
    5. he became one of the most popular impressionistic artists.
    他成为最受欢迎的印象主义艺术家之一。
    6. the style and treatment of the painting were considered as shocking as the painting itself. 这幅画的风格与画法被认为与作品本身一样具有震撼力。
    补充短语
    change the way that... 改变……方式
    one of... ……之一
    16 this painting is a classic example of impressionistic style.
    这幅画是印象派的经典之作。
    常用单词
    example [?g'zɑ:mpl] n. 例子，榜样
    impressionistic [??mpre??'n?st?k] adj. 印象派的，印象主义的
    语法tips
    be a good/fine/classic example of...为固定词组，意为“是……的典型样本/例子”，be动词须随主语的人称、单复数形式而变化。
    应用对话
    steven: why do you have a preference for the painting?
    mike: this painting is a classic example of impressionistic style.
    史蒂文：你为什么偏爱这幅画？
    迈克：这幅画是印象派的经典之作。
    17 my teacher is very attached to leonardo da vinci's the last supper.
    我的老师很喜欢达芬奇的《最后的晚餐》。
    语法tips
    be attached to...为固定词组，意为“依恋/爱慕/留恋……”，相当于be full of affection for...或是feel a strong attachment to/for...。
    学学这样说
    1. he has an impressive collection of paintings. 他的绘画收藏令人叹为观止。
    2. he has a large collection of valuable paintings. 他收藏了一大批珍贵的绘画。
    3. this is a painting depicting the living scenes of that time.
    这是一幅描绘那个时代的生活场景的画。
    4. the painting is quite an accomplishment. 这幅画真是一项了不起的成就。
    5. his pictures gripped my imagination. 他的画使我浮想联翩。
    6. he has acquired a large collection of abstract paintings.
    他收集到大量抽象派绘画。
    7. these paintings can evoke the imagination. 这些绘画能够唤起人们的想象。
    8. the painting of this picture is quite unique, which is hard to find in other paintings. 这幅画的画法相当独特，在其他油画中很难见到。
    补充短语
    have/acquire a (large/impressive) collection of... 收藏（一大批）……
    be hard to do 难以做某事

 棋牌游戏

    棋牌游戏
    01 i have to be in the right frame of mind when i play chess.
    下国际象棋时，我的思想得处于很集中的状态。
    解析 ▲ be (not) in the right frame of mind (to do)为固定词组，意为“有/没有心思做某事”；而a frame of mind (to do)则是表示“心境，心情，情绪，思想状态”。
    学学这样说
    1. my favorite interest in spare time is to play chess. 我业余时间最喜欢下国际象棋。
    2. you can challenge him to chess. 你可以邀他跟你下国际象棋。
    3. it must be funny to play chess. 下国际象棋一定是有趣的。
    4. tom and i play chess on monday. 星期一汤姆和我一起下国际象棋。
    5. i am interested in playing chess. 我对下国际象棋很感兴趣。
    6. in chess, cool nerves are essential. 下国际象棋特别需要头脑冷静。
    补充短语
    spare time 空闲时间
    be interested in... 对……感兴趣
    02 we haven't played chess for a long time.
    我们很久没下国际象棋了。
    语法tips
    play chess为固定词组，意为“下国际象棋”。棋牌、球类运动前，不用冠词修饰；乐器名称前，通常要用定冠词。
    学学这样说
    1. do you often play chess when you're free? 你有空时经常下国际象棋吗？
    2. it was my first win since i began to learn to play chess.
    自从我学下国际象棋以来，这是我第一次赢。
    3. chess is one of the forms of indoor recreation enjoyed by the old and the young alike. 下国际象棋是老少都喜欢的室内娱乐形式之一。
    4. the moves in chess are not only manifold, but involuted.
    国际象棋的走法不但多种多样，而且错综复杂。
    5. i don't know how to play chess, but i can learn it. 我不会下国际象棋，但是我可以学
    应用对话
    steven: how will you spend this lovely weekend?
    aaron: we haven't played chess for a long time. how about playing chess?
    史蒂文：你打算如何度过这个愉快的周末？
    亚伦：我们很久没下国际象棋了，切磋一下怎么样？
    03 he is a master of chess.
    他是下国际象棋的高手。
    常用单词
    master ['mɑ:st?(r)] n. 大师，主人
    chess [t?es] n. 国际象棋
    随机测验
    a: do you know the man in black?
    b: he is a master _____ chess.
    a. to b. of c. with d. out
    翻译
    a：你认识那个穿黑衣服的人吗？
    b：他是下棋的高手。
    答案：b
    提示：be a master of...为固定词组，意为“……的行家，能控制……的人，占……优势者”，常用于正式文体中。
    04 he can always defeat his opponents at chess.
    他下国际象棋总是能获胜。
    解析 ▲ defeat作及物动词，表示“战胜，击败”，通常用于固定词组defeat sb at/in...，意为“在……中击败某人”；用于口语中，也可以表示“使某人困惑，难住某人”。
    学学这样说
    1. are you fond of chess? 你喜欢下国际象棋吗？
    2. are you keen on playing chess? 你喜欢下国际象棋吗？
    3. you shouldn't be kind-hearted when you play chess.
    你下国际象棋时不能过于仁慈。
    4. you always outfox me at chess. 你下国际象棋总是赢我。
    5. he has been completely defeated at chess. 他下国际象棋时一败涂地。
    补充短语
    outfox sb (at...) （在……上）胜过某人
    be soundly/completely defeated in... ……一败涂地
    05 he initiated his son into the game of chess.
    他把下棋的初步知识教给儿子。
    语法tips
    initiate sb into...为固定词组，意为“向某人传授……的基本要领/秘密知识，接纳/介绍某人加入……（通常是借助某种仪式）”。initiate作及物动词，也可以表示“开始实施，发起，创始，开始”，用于正式文体，直接接宾语。
    学学这样说
    1. i know all the possible moves in chess. 国际象棋的各种走法我都会。
    2. he taught basic knowledge of chess to his son.
    他把下国际象棋的基本知识教给儿子。
    3. are you acquainted with the rules of chess? 你熟悉国际象棋的规则吗？
    4. playing chess requires intellectual skills. 下国际象棋需要智力技巧。
    补充短语
    be acquainted with... 熟悉……
    teach...to sb 传授/教授……
    the rules of... ……的规则
    06 playing cards can come in a variety of styles.
    玩牌的方法多种多样。
    解析 ▲ come in为固定词组，意为“到来，出现，产品上市/有货/买得到，流行起来”，通常不用于进行时态或是被动语态。
    学学这样说
    1. they pass the evening with cards and beer. 他们靠打牌和喝啤酒消磨夜晚。
    2. i have no time to play cards. 我没有时间玩牌。
    3. never play cards for money. 永远别为赌钱而玩牌。
    4. we used to play cards on weekends. 我们以前周末时经常玩牌。
    5. he is playing poker with his roommates. 他正在与室友打扑克。
    6. i had great fun playing cards with them. 我和他们玩纸牌玩得非常高兴。
    补充短语
    play cards 玩牌
    play poker (with sb) 玩牌
    07 i had a suit of diamonds.
    我有一套方块牌。
    语法tips
    suit作可数名词，意为“（纸牌）四种花色黑桃/红桃/梅花/方块牌（spades/hearts/ clubs/diamonds）中的任一种”；hand则是表示“（纸牌的）一局”，如have a good/ bad/poor hand表示“拿到一手好/坏/糟牌”。
    学学这样说
    1. could you show me some card tricks? 你能给我表演一些纸牌戏法吗？
    2. i will have another game of cards if you would like to. 如果你愿意，我想再玩一盘纸牌。
    3. reshuffle the cards, please. 请重新洗牌。
    4. he fanned the cards. 他把纸牌展开成扇形。
    应用对话
    steven: what do you whisper to her?
    aaron: i had a suit of diamonds.
    史蒂文：你和她在小声说什么？
    亚伦：我有一套方块牌。
    08 give the pack a good shuffle.
    把这副纸牌好好洗一下。
    常用单词
    shuffle ['??fl] n. 洗牌
    随机测验
    a: give the pack a good _____.
    b: why me?
    a. hand b. tide c. help d. shuffle
    翻译
    a：把这副纸牌好好洗一下。
    b：为什么是我？
    提示：give the pack a good shuffle为固定词组，意为“好好洗牌”，shuffle
    用作单数可数名词；此外也可以用作及物动词，shuffle the cards意为“洗牌”。
    09 you're really a card shark.
    你真是个打牌老手。
    解析 ▲ shark作可数名词，本意为“鲨鱼”，用于口语中，意为“敲诈勒索的人，放高利贷的人，骗子”；card shark为美语口语，意为“玩牌老手/好手”，相当于cardsharp，意为“打牌时经常作弊的人，玩纸牌诈骗者”。
    学学这样说
    1. if you want to join the game, i'll deal you in. 你要是也想加入游戏，我就发牌给你。
    2. don't stack the cards. 洗牌不要作弊。
    3. playing cards for money is banned here. 这里不允许打牌赌钱。
    4. they played cards through the whole night. 他们通宵打牌。
    补充短语
    deal sb in（纸牌戏中）发牌（给新参加者）
    stack the cards 洗牌作弊，暗中做手脚（美语）

 酒吧跳舞

    酒吧跳舞
    01 may i help you to another glass?
    我来给你再斟一杯好吗？
    解析 ▲ may i...用于表示委婉的请求、建议、邀请、询问等；help oneself/sb to...为固定词组，意为“为自己或某人取食品/饮料，随便吃/喝……”。
    学学这样说
    1. let's tie one on. 咱们一醉方休吧。
    2. would you like a refill? 再来一杯怎么样？
    3. would you like one more? 再来一杯怎么样？
    4. would you like another cup? 再来一杯怎么样？
    5. how about a refill? 再来一杯怎么样？
    6. would you like a glass of sherry? 你要喝杯雪利酒吗？
    7. why not open a bottle of champagne to celebrate it? 何不开瓶香槟酒庆祝一下呢？
    8. i'd like a scotch with ice. 我想要一杯加冰块的苏格兰威士忌。
    9. i'd like a light beer. 我要一杯低度啤酒。
    补充短语
    tie one on 喝得大醉，醉酒
    a glass of... 一杯……
    a bottle of... 一瓶……
    02 even though he is drunk, he can still tell the right from the wrong.
    他即使喝醉了，也能分辨是非。
    语法tips
    tell the right from the wrong为固定词组，意为“分辨是非”，相当于tell right from wrong，distinguish right from wrong，distinguish between right and wrong等。
    学学这样说
    1. he is slightly drunk. 他有点醉了。
    2. could i buy you a drink? 我能请您喝一杯吗？
    3. i want to get drunk now. 我现在想喝醉。
    4. it is a lot of fun to drink with you. 和你喝酒很有意思。
    5. he is loaded. 他酩酊大醉。
    6. i get drunk easily/quickly. 我的酒量小。
    7. drink moderately. 喝酒要适可而止。
    8. obviously she is drunk. 很明显她喝醉了。
    应用对话
    jane: he feels a little tipsy.
    steven: even though he is drunk, he can still tell the right from the wrong.
    简：他有点醉了。
    史蒂文：他即使喝醉了，也能分辨是非。
    03 pour me a whisky.
    给我来一杯威士忌。
    常用单词
    pour [p?:(r)] v. 倾泻，流出
    whisky ['w?sk?] n. 威士忌酒
    随机测验
    a: can i help you?
    b: pour _____ a whisky.
    a. i b. mine c. my d. me
    翻译
    a：我能为你做些什么？
    b：给我来一杯威士忌。
    答案：d
    提示：pour...(for sb)为固定词组，意为“（为某人）斟，倒（尤指茶/酒/咖啡）”；可数名词whisky在句中意为“一杯威士忌”，再如：two whiskies, please（请来两杯威士忌）.
    04 let's propose a toast to your new house.
    咱们干一杯吧，庆贺你乔迁之喜！
    解析 ▲ propose a toast to sb 为固定词组，意为“提议为某人干杯”，相当于propose one's health，drink one's health，drink a health to sb。
    学学这样说
    1. bottoms up! 干杯！
    2. cheers! 干杯！
    3. drain it! 喝光！
    4. here's to you all! 敬所有人一杯！
    5. here's to you! 敬您一杯！
    6. i'd like to propose a toast! 我提议干一杯！
    7. to life! 为生活干杯！
    8. to your very good health! 为你的健康干杯！
    9. i'll drown my sorrows. 我要借酒浇愁！
    补充短语
    bottoms up 干杯（口语）
    drown one's sorrows (in drink) 借酒浇愁（尤作戏谑语）
    05 to your health and success in business, cheers!
    为你的身体健康、生意兴隆干杯！
    常用单词
    your [j?:] pron. 你的
    cheer [t???] v. 欢呼，干杯
    语法tips
    cheers作感叹词，可以用作祝酒用语，意为“祝你健康”；也可以表示“再见”，相当于goodbye；或是表示“谢谢”，相当于thank you。
    应用对话
    jane: to your health and success in business, cheers!
    steven: thank you.
    简：为你的身体健康、生意兴隆干杯！
    史蒂文：谢谢。
    06 may i invite you to dance with me?
    您能赏光跟我跳个舞吗？
    语法tips
    dance作不及物动词时，可以与介词连用构成词组，dance with sb意为“与某人一起跳舞”，dance to...意为“随……起舞”；作及物动词时，意为“跳某种舞”，如dance a waltz（跳华尔兹舞），dance the cha-cha（跳恰恰舞）；作可数名词时，意为“舞步，舞会”。
    学学这样说
    1. could i have the favor to dance with you? 您能赏光跟我跳个舞吗？
    2. someone just asked me to dance. 刚才有人请我跳舞。
    3. may i have the honor of asking you for the first tango?
    能有幸请您跳第一曲探戈吗？
    4. may i have the pleasure of the next dance? 我能有幸和你跳下一支舞吗？
    5. may i have the next dance? 可否请你和我一起跳下一支舞？
    6. she danced a waltz with me. 她和我一起跳了华尔兹。
    7. i danced with her all night. 我整晚都跟她共舞。
    补充短语
    have the pleasure of... 有幸……
    have the honor of... 获得……的特权，获得……的荣幸
    07 i think i'll sit out the next dance.
    我想坐一会儿，等过了下支舞再跳。
    解析 ▲ sit...out为固定词组，意为“不想跳（某种舞）”，也可以表示“坐着直到（演出、剧目等）结束”；the next dance意为“下一支舞”。
    学学这样说
    1. are you keen on dancing? 你喜欢跳舞吗？
    2. are you good at dancing? 你擅长跳舞吗？
    3. this dance step is quite easy to learn. 学这个舞步挺容易的。
    4. i'm rather old-fashioned. i know nothing about new dance steps.
    我都跟不上时代了，我对新的舞步一点都不懂。
    5. you can buy a dancing mat so that you can dance at home.
    你可以买一个跳舞毯在家里跳舞。
    6. dancing is a good way to relax. 跳舞是很好的放松方式。
    7. dancing is very easy. 跳舞很容易。
    8. find a partner and practice these new dance steps. 找个舞伴来练习这些新舞步。
    补充短语
    know nothing about... 不了解/不知道……
    08 she combined music and dance steps.
    她把音乐和舞步结合了起来。
    语法tips
    combine...and...为固定词组，意为“（使物件）结合或混合形成整体，联合，组合，合并，化合”，相当于combine...with...，也可以表示“同时做（不止一件事），兼有不止一种特性”。
    学学这样说
    1. how about going dancing? 去跳舞怎么样？
    2. they danced to the beats of drums. 他们伴随着鼓声跳舞。
    3. the dance hall looks very nice. 这舞厅看上去真不错。
    4. the next dance will be a waltz. 接下来的舞蹈是华尔兹。
    5. the band played slow dance music. 乐队演奏了一支慢节奏的舞曲。
    6. the villagers danced in the open. 村民们在露天跳舞。
    7. he's a good dancer. 他跳舞跳得好。
    8. i don't go dancing often. 我不常去跳舞。
    应用对话
    steven: she combined music and dance steps. well done.
    lily: you should know she is the best dancer.
    史蒂文：她将音乐和舞步结合。做得好。
    莉莉：你要知道，她的舞跳得最好。
    09 it will spice up the party if you do a solo dance.
    你跳个独舞会给聚会添彩。
    常用单词
    spice [spa?s] v. 使增添趣味
    party ['pɑ:t?] n. 聚会，派对
    随机测验
    a: it will spice up the party if you do a solo dance.
    b: i'd like to, _____ my feet hurt.
    a. so b. that c. but d. if
    翻译
    a：你跳个独舞会给聚会添彩。
    b：我很愿意，但是我脚疼。
    答案：c
    提示：i'd like to (...), but...可以视为固定表达，意为“我愿意（……），但是……”。
    10 they have partnered off for the dance.
    他们已结成舞伴跳舞。
    解析 ▲ partner作及物动词，意为“当（某人的）同伴或搭档”，相当于act as/be the partner of sb，通常用作partner sb at bridge/tennis，partner sb in a tango等。partner off为固定词组，意为“配成对，作搭档”。
    学学这样说
    1. i like rock and roll. 我喜欢摇滚舞。
    2. it's said that the father of the jitterbug is the jive. 据说吉特巴舞的前身是摇滚舞。
    3. joy has a flair for break dancing. 乔伊有跳霹雳舞的天赋。
    4. hip hop is my passion! 我最爱街舞！
    6. young people like to dance a waltz. 年轻人喜欢跳华尔兹。
    7. i like rumba and jitterbug very much. 我很喜欢伦巴舞和吉特巴舞。
    补充短语
    rock and roll 摇滚
    the father of... ……先驱/创始人/鼻祖
    have a flair for... 有……天资/天分
    11 you will butcher that song by singing off key.
    你会因为唱走调而糟蹋了那首歌。
    常用单词
    butcher ['b?t??(r)] v. 屠杀
    song [s??] n. 歌曲
    语法tips
    butcher作及物动词，本意为“屠杀/宰”，也可以表示“将（某事物）弄得一团糟，毁坏”；sing off key为固定词组，意为“唱歌走调”，也可以用作sing off-key。
    应用对话
    steven: shall i sing a song for you?
    albert: you will butcher that song by singing off key.
    史蒂文：我给你唱首歌好吗？
    艾博特：你会因为唱走调而糟蹋了那首歌。
    12 i can't keep up with the new songs.
    我跟不上新歌的速度。
    语法tips
    keep up with...为固定词组，意为“跟上……，与……同步前进”，介词with后的宾语可以是人（如果是人称代词，要用宾格形式），也可以是物。
    学学这样说
    1. i've never heard of that song before. 我从来没听说过那首歌。
    2. he was touched by these sweet songs. 这些甜美的歌曲触动了他的心扉。
    3. if there is time i will sing all the songs i learned.
    如果还有时间，我会把我所有会的歌都唱一遍。
    4. how about a song, tom? 汤姆，你来唱一首吧。
    5. let's sing a duet. 我们来个二重唱吧。
    补充短语
    sing a duet 唱二重唱
    13 he is out of tune whenever he sings.
    他无论何时唱歌都会走调。
    解析 ▲ tune可作可数名词或是不可数名词，表示“曲调，曲子”；in/out of tune (with...) 为固定词组，本意为“音高或调子正确/不正确”，取其比喻意义，也可以表示“协调/不协调，融洽/不融洽”。
    学学这样说
    1. i have no ear for music. 我五音不全。
    2. i'm tone-deaf. 我五音不全。
    3. i dare not sing in front of the public. 我不敢在大家面前唱歌。
    4. my sister is tone-deaf and she always goes off key on that song.
    我妹妹五音不全，唱那首歌的时候总是跑调。
    5. her singing was off key. 她唱得走调了。
    6. nobody of them could sing in tune. 他们每个人唱歌都走调。
    补充短语
    have an ear (for...) 对……听觉灵敏（尤指音乐/语言）
    in tune 调子正确，和谐，融洽
    14 we are enraptured by her melodious voice.
    我们被她悦耳的歌声迷住了。
    语法tips
    enrapture作及物动词，意为“使（某人）非常喜悦/快乐”，通常用于正式文体，且常用于被动语态，即为be enraptured by...。
    学学这样说
    1. you're a good singer! 你唱得真好！
    2. you sing very well! 你唱得真好！
    3. she has a melodious voice. 她有着悦耳的嗓音。
    4. i really enjoyed their singing. 我很喜欢听他们的歌声。
    5. it was a delight to hear her singing so beautifully.
    听到她如此美妙的歌声，确实让人愉悦！
    6. the girl sings beautifully and dances well. 这个女孩的歌声优美，舞也跳得不错。
    应用对话
    steven: why did you come late?
    nancy: we are enraptured by her melodious voice.
    史蒂文：你们为什么晚到？
    南希：我们被她悦耳的歌声迷住了。
    15 be closer to the microphone if you want to sing clearly.
    如果你想唱得清楚些，就靠话筒近一些。
    常用单词
    microphone ['ma?kr?f??n] n. 麦克风，扩音器
    clearly ['kl??l?] adv. 清楚地，清晰地
    随机测验
    a: could you give me a word of advice?
    b: be _____ to the microphone if you want to sing clearly.
    a. far b. closer c. farther d. further
    翻译
    a：你能给我些建议吗？
    b：如果你想唱得清楚些，就靠话筒近一些。
    答案：b
    提示：be close to...为固定词组，意为“（时间或空间上）靠近/接近……”，相当于be near to...，句中是用了close的比较级形式closer。

 旅行安排

    旅行安排
    01 what is the ideal vacation for someone who needs to relax but has trouble doing so?
    对于需要放松但却无法做到的人来说，什么样的假期才是理想假期呢
    解析 ▲ have trouble doing为固定词组，意为“做某事有困难，做某事令人苦恼/痛苦”，相当于have trouble with...；need在句中作实义动词，后接不定式结构，也可以作情态动词，后接动词原形。
    学学这样说
    1. are you taking a vacation next week? 你下周要休假吗？
    2. we'll have a week's holiday. 我们将有7天的假期。
    3. when school is done, what will you do? 学校放假时，你准备做什么？
    4. two months rolled by and school finished at last. 两个月过去了，学校终于放假了。
    5. our holiday plans are still indeterminate. 我们的假日计划还没有确定。
    补充短语
    take a vacation 休假
    roll by 时间流逝，车辆驶过
    02 i'm trying to figure out where to go.
    我正考虑去哪里。
    语法tips
    figure...out为固定词组，通常用于美式英语中，意为“理解……，弄明白……，演算出/计算出……”，宾语可以是人或物，也可以接宾语从句。
    学学这样说
    1. how about a long trip? 来个长途旅行怎么样？
    2. it's not easy for me to have such a long holiday to travel.
    我难得有个这么长的假期可以去旅游。
    3. there will be so many tourists during that time. why don't you change your plan? 那个时候游客肯定很多。为什么不换个时间去？
    4. i think holidays are time for people to enjoy life. 我认为假期是人们享受生活的时间。
    5. where would you like to go? 你打算去哪儿？
    应用对话
    tom: how do you arrange this summer vacation?
    steven: i want to travel. i'm trying to figure out where to go.
    汤姆：你怎么安排这个暑假呢？
    史蒂文：我想去旅行。我正考虑去哪里。
    03 make sure you buy me a souvenir!
    你可一定要给我买个纪念品！
    常用单词
    sure [???(r)] adj. 确信的，一定的
    souvenir [?su:v?'n??(r)] n. 纪念品，礼物
    随机测验
    a: i'm going to paris for the holiday.
    b: make sure _____ you buy me a souvenir.
    a. / b. what c. how d. where
    翻译
    a：我要去巴黎度假。
    b：你可一定要给我买个纪念品！
    答案：a
    提示：make sure (of.../that...)为固定词组，意为“确信/确保……，把……弄清楚，核实/查明……”，如果后接宾语从句，其引导词that可以省去。
    04 i will take my annual leave next month and go to london.
    我下个月有年假，打算去伦敦。
    解析 ▲ annual leave为固定词组，意为“年假，年度休假”，可以用作take/go on one's annual leave；而annual paid leave则是表示“带薪年假”。
    学学这样说
    1. mike, do you know where is suitable for vacation?
    迈克，你知道哪个地方适合度假吗？
    2. i'm going to travel abroad. 我打算出国旅游。
    3. i plan to go abroad for traveling. 我打算出国旅游。
    4. we're going to london for our summer holiday. 我们打算去伦敦过暑假。
    5. i decide to go on a trip after graduation. 我决定毕业后去旅行。
    补充短语
    be suitable for... 适合/适于……
    go on a trip 旅行
    05 the majority of tourists will choose to go along with a group tour.
    大多数旅行者会选择随团出游。
    常用单词
    majority [m?'d??r?t?] n. 多数，成年
    tourist ['t??r?st] n. 旅行者，游客
    语法tips
    the/a majority of为固定词组，意为“大多数……，大半……”；而be in the/a majority则是表示“构成大部分/大多数……”；group tour意为“团体旅游”。
    应用对话
    tom: the majority of tourists will choose to go along with a group tour.
    steven: but i would like a self-driving tour.
    汤姆：大多数旅行者会选择随团出游。
    史蒂文：但是我想选择自驾游。
    06 we're planning to holiday at the seaside.
    我们打算去海滨度假。
    语法tips
    holiday在句中是作不及物动词，通常用于英式英语中，美式英语中则是用作vacation；holiday作可数名词，通常构成固定词组，表示“休假”时可以用on holiday，on one's holidays，take/go on a holiday。
    学学这样说
    1. could you consider letting me come with you? 你能考虑让我和你一起去吗？
    2. could you take care of my plants while i'm on vacation?
    我去度假的时候，你可以照顾我的绿植吗？
    3. have a great time! 祝你玩得开心！
    4. you can join in our group tour. 你可以加入我们的旅行团。
    5. many people prefer to travel by car. 许多人喜欢自驾游。
    补充短语
    consider doing 考虑做某事
    have a great time 玩得开心
    07 i think it would be fun going for a long drive.
    我觉得开车远行会很有趣。
    解析 ▲ it's fun doing 可以视为固定表达，相当于it's fun when...，意为“……很有趣”；go for a long drive为固定词组，意为“开车远行”。
    学学这样说
    1. are you going to fly or drive? 你要坐飞机还是开车去？
    2. how do you plan on traveling, by train or by plane? 你打算坐火车还是飞机去旅行？
    3. you could rent a car, drive from the east coast to the west and then fly back.
    你可以租一辆车，从东海岸往西海岸开，然后坐飞机回来。
    4. he went traveling on foot. 他徒步旅行。
    5. a hike can take a few hours or weeks. 徒步旅行需要花费几个小时或几星期。
    补充短语
    from...to... 从……到……
    plan for/on... 为……做计划
    travel on foot 徒步旅行
    08 is there a package tour to that city?
    有到那个城市的跟团旅游吗？
    语法tips
    package tour为固定词组，意为“包办旅行，包价旅行”，指路线、地点、时间等一切由旅行社代办而费用固定的假日旅游，相当于package holiday。
    学学这样说
    1. you can ask travel agency for itinerary arrangement.
    你可以问旅行社有关行程的安排。
    2. the travel agency arranged everything for my trip. 旅行社把我旅行的一切都安排好了。
    3. the travel agency told us much information about the island.
    旅行社告诉了我们许多关于那个岛的情况。
    4. i want a reputable tour operator, not these fly-by-night outfits.
    我想找一家信誉好的旅行社，而不是这种不可靠的。
    5. many travel agencies make overseas travel possible and convenient.
    许多旅行社使人们出国成为可能并且很方便。
    应用对话
    clerk: hello, sunshine travel agency.
    steven: hello. is there a package tour to america?
    职员：您好，阳光旅行社。
    史蒂文：你好。有到美国的跟团旅游吗？
    09 i will introduce the itinerary in detail.
    我会详细介绍旅行路线。
    常用单词
    introduce [??ntr?'dju:s] v. 介绍
    itinerary [a?'t?n?r?r?] n. 旅程，路线
    随机测验
    a: can you tell me the schedule?
    b: all right, i will introduce the itinerary _____ detail.
    a. by b. over c. at d. in
    翻译
    a：能不能告诉我行程安排？
    b：好的，我会给您详细介绍旅行路线。
    答案：d
    提示：in detail为固定词组，意为“详细地”，通常与动词introduce，explain，describe等连用；detail也可以用作及物动词，detail...(to/for sb) 意为“逐项列出，（向/为某人）详述……”。
    10 we have several tour routes for you to choose from.
    我们有几条旅游路线供您选择。
    解析 ▲ have/offer...for sb to choose from为固定词组，意为“有/提供……供某人选择”；而choose...from...相当于choose between...and...，意为“从……选择/挑选……”。travel route意为“旅游路线”。
    学学这样说
    1. what is the itinerary? 旅游路线是什么？
    2. i recommend tour no.3 including the museum and the art gallery.
    我推荐3号旅游路线，它包括博物馆和艺术馆。
    3. the itinerary includes the great wall and the forbidden city.
    这条旅游路线包括长城和紫禁城。
    4. the tour to the great wall will take us two days. 去长城旅游将历时两天。
    5. i think i will start off in paris. then i'm going to nice by train and then go on to milan. 我想我会从巴黎开始。然后我会坐火车去尼斯，之后再去米兰。
    补充短语
    start off 出发，动身，开始
    11 the tour group feels they do not get a fair deal from the travel agency.
    这个旅游团的成员认为旅行社对他们有失公平。
    常用单词
    tour [t??(r)] n. 旅游，旅行
    group [gru:p] n. 组，团体
    语法tips
    a fair/square deal为固定词组，意为“公平交易”；而a raw/rough deal则是表示“不公平的待遇”，通常用于口语中。
    应用对话
    tom: what are they complaining about?
    steven: the tour group feels they do not get a fair deal from the travel agency.
    汤姆：他们在抱怨什么？
    史蒂文：这个旅游团的成员认为旅行社对他们有失公平。
    12 i went on a four-day tour to that city last winter.
    我去年冬天参加旅行团去那个城市旅游了4天。
    语法tips
    基数词+连字符+day/week/hour/year结构，相当于基数词+days'/weeks'/hours'/ years'，句中的a four-day tour为固定词组，意为“为期4天的旅游”，相当于a four days' tour；再如a two-day leave或a two days' leave，表示“两日的假期”。
    学学这样说
    1. i don't feel free if i travel with the tour group. 跟团去旅游我会觉得很不自在。
    2. how many people in your normal group to hong kong?
    你们去香港的旅游团一般有多少人？
    3. i would take a guided tour from your hotel. 我会参加从酒店出发的有导游的旅游团。
    4. well, we have a nice package tour to east asia.
    嗯，我们有个不错的去东亚的旅行团。
    5. do you have short tours? 你们有没有短程的旅行团？
    6. do you have any tours with chinese-speaking guides?
    你们有中文导游的旅行团吗？
    7. my boss would like to join the package tour to japan.
    我的上司想参加去日本的旅行团。
    8. the tour is arranged by our local travel agent.
    这个旅游团是由我们本地的旅游代理商组织安排的。
    补充短语
    feel free (to do) 随意，随便
    tour group 旅行团
    13 the cost of the trip was halved by us.
    我们均摊了那次旅游的费用。
    解析 ▲ halve作及物动词，意为“把……对半分，把……减半”，通常后接名词作宾语，或是用于固定词组，如halve...with sb between...，表示“与……平分”。
    学学这样说
    1. what is the cost of the tour? 这趟旅行费用要多少？
    2. the drawback of international travel is the extremely high cost.
    国际旅游的缺点就是费用极高。
    3. i don't think we'll be able to afford any travel. 我想我们承担不起任何旅游费用。
    4. all travel expenses can be paid after you arrive.
    所有旅游费用您可以在抵达后支付。
    5. we set a limit to the expense of the trip. 我们限制了这次旅游的费用。
    补充短语
    the cost of... ……的费用
    the drawback of/to (doing)... ……的缺陷/不利条件
    set a limit to... 限制……
    14 the tour operator bills him for extra items.
    旅游经营者要求他支付额外项目的费用。
    语法tips
    bill sb for...为固定词组，意为“送交某人……账单”，相当于send sb a bill for...，charge sb for...。
    学学这样说
    1. we have some excellent all-in holidays at very reasonable prices.
    我们可以推荐一些很棒的费用全包的旅游，价格很公道。
    2. he is calculating the cost of the journey. 他盘算着旅游费用。
    3. package tours have reduced foreign travel costs greatly.
    包价旅游大大减轻了人们出国旅游的费用。
    4. we need one day to visit the whole scenic spot. 我们需要一天来游览整个景点。
    应用对话
    tom: why do they quarrel?
    steven: the tour operator bills him for extra items.
    汤姆：他们为什么争吵？
    史蒂文：旅游经营者要求他支付额外项目的费用。
    15 having packed up her belongings, she went to book tickets.
    收拾好行李，她就去订票了。
    常用单词
    pack [p?k] v. 包装
    book [b?k] v. 预订，登记
    随机测验
    a: where was she?
    b: having _____ up her belongings, she went to book tickets.
    a. packed b. pack c. packs d. to pack
    翻译
    a：她去了哪里？
    b：收拾好行李，她就去订票了。
    答案：a
    提示：pack...up为固定词组，意为“将……装箱/打包”；句中有现在完成时的标志having，所以用过去分词packed。
    16 children made arrangements for their trip to hawaii.
    孩子们为夏威夷之旅做了准备。
    解析 ▲ arrangement表示“计划，筹备，准备，安排”，通常用作复数形式arrangements，可以与介词about，for连用；make arrangements for...为固定词组，意为“为……做准备”。
    学学这样说
    1. is everything set for your trip? 你旅行准备就绪了吗？
    2. before traveling i need to buy a suitcase. 在旅行之前我需要买一个手提箱。
    3. they are preparing food and drinks for their trip. 他们正为旅行准备食品和饮料。
    4. let's get ready for the trip. 让我们为旅行做准备吧。
    5. how much money do you have with you? 你随身携带了多少现金？
    6. i'll call the travel agency to book tickets after setting the details.
    等把具体细节定下来，我就给旅行社打电话订票。
    7. our plans for the trip are all set. 我们旅行的准备工作都做好了。
    补充短语
    be (all) set (for.../to do) 准备好……
    17 pack some necessary medicine in your carry-on.
    在随身行李内放些必备药品。
    常用单词
    medicine ['medsn] n. 药，医学
    carry-on ['k?r??n] n. 手提行李，随身行李
    语法tips
    carry-on 用于美式英语中时，表示“旅客带入机舱内的随身手提行李”，carry-on baggage也表示“随身行李”；用于英式英语（非正式语境）中时，表示“愚蠢的举动，讨人厌的行为”，相当于carrying-on，如：what a carry-on!（真是太讨厌了！）
    应用对话
    tom: pack some necessary medicine in your carry-on.
    steven: oh, i almost forget it. thank you!
    汤姆：在随身行李内放些必备药品。
    史蒂文：哦，我差点忘了。谢谢你！
    18 they equipped themselves for a long journey.
    他们为远途旅行准备了装束。
    语法tips
    equip作及物动词，意为“配备，装备”，通常用于固定词组equip oneself for...，或是equip...with...（=supply...with...）。
    学学这样说
    1. i've already booked the flight. 我已经订好机票了。
    2. let me know your schedule and i'll book a ticket for you.
    告诉我你的日程，我会给你订票。
    3. they were outfitted with food and drinks for the long journey.
    他们为远途旅行准备了食物和水。
    4. what should we prepare for the tour? 我们该为旅游准备点什么？
    5. those medicines are prepared for this tour. 那些药物是为了这趟旅行而准备的。
    补充短语
    book the flight 预订机票
    book a ticket for sb 为某人订票
    19 we always pack our luggage at/till the last moment.
    我们总是到最后一刻才收拾行李。
    解析 ▲ the last minute/moment为固定词组，意为“（重大事件等前的）最后一刻”，till the last minute/moment意为“直到最后一刻”，at the last minute/moment意为“在最后一刻”。
    学学这样说
    1. what will you bring along when traveling? 旅途中你将带什么行李呢？
    2. i will take some clothes and cleaning items. 我会带一些换洗衣服和洗漱用品。
    3. have you packed the towel yet? 你装好毛巾了吗？
    4. have you seen my luggage? 看到我的行李没？
    5. she packed a suit of clothes to change for the weekend.
    她已收拾好周末穿的一套衣物。
    6. we will leave tomorrow but i haven't begun to pack yet!
    我们明天动身，但我还没开始收拾行李呢！
    7. her possessions could fit in one suitcase. 她的全部财物可以装在一个手提箱内。
    8. what i want is a canvas traveling bag. 我要的是一个帆布旅行袋。
    9. a few of belongings are ok. 一些随身物品就可以了。
    补充短语
    bring along 随身携带
    fit in/into... 用……装得下
    20 i have no conception of the train schedule.
    我一点都不清楚列车时刻表。
    语法tips
    conception作不可数名词，表示“构思，设想”；作可数名词，表示“主意，计划，意图”；have no conception of.../that...意为“对……一无所知”，相当于have no idea of.../that..., not have a clue about，have not got a clue about。
    学学这样说
    1. the railway timetable shows the time when trains arrive and depart.
    列车时刻表告诉人们火车到站和开车的时间。
    2. what's the use of a train schedule if the trains are always late?
    火车总是晚点，要列车时刻表还有什么用？
    3. which flight are you taking? 您乘坐哪个航班？
    4. our flight takes four hours. 我们的空中飞行时间为4个小时。
    5. yes, i will check the train timetable. 是的，我查一下列车时刻表。
    6. the departure time is eight o'clock in the morning. 起飞时间是上午八点。
    应用对话
    tom: when does the flight depart?
    steven: i haven't got a clue about the schedule.
    汤姆：这次航班什么时候起飞呢？
    史蒂文：我不太清楚。
    21 the new timetable will come into effect tomorrow.
    新的时刻表明天生效。
    常用单词
    timetable ['ta?mte?bl] n. 时间表，时刻表
    effect [?'fekt] n. 效果，作用
    随机测验
    a: what are you talking about?
    b: the new timetable will come _____ effect tomorrow.
    a. out b. in c. into d. with
    翻译
    a：你们在谈论什么？
    b：新的时刻表明天生效。
    答案：c
    提示：come into effect为固定词组，意为“（法律/规则等）实行，实施”；in effect意为“（规则/法律等）有效，实际上，事实上”；bring/put...into effect意为“使……开始使用”。根据句意判断，应选c。
    22 can i have a look at the timetable?
    我可以看一下时刻表吗？
    解析 ▲ have/take a look at...为固定词组，意为“看看……”，相当于look at...（多用于祈使句）；take a long (cool/hard) look at...意为“谨慎/仔细考虑（可能性/问题等）”。
    学学这样说
    1. you can check the bulletin board. 你可以查一下公告板。
    2. may i reconfirm my flight? 我可以确认我的航班吗？
    3. you may board now. the departure time is on schedule.
    您现在可以登机了，飞机准时起飞。
    4. i nearly missed my flight. 我差点误了班机。
    5. is the departure time on schedule? 起飞时间准时吗？
    6. the flight departure time has been advanced to 9:00 a.m.
    本航班起飞时间已提前至上午9点。
    补充短语
    on schedule 按照预定时间
    be advanced (from...) to... （从……）提前/提早至……
    23 i'd like to confirm the departure time.
    我要确认起飞时间。
    常用单词
    departure [d?'pɑ:t??(r)] n. 离开，出发
    语法tips
    confirm作及物动词，在句中意为“确认”，后接宾语或是宾语从句（多用that引导）；也可以表示“批准（条约/任命等），肯定/巩固/加强（权力/地位等）”，用于固定词组confirm sb as/in...。
    应用对话
    clerk: hello, american airlines.
    steven: hello. i'd like to confirm the departure time.
    职员：你好，这里是美国航空公司。
    史蒂文：你好，我想要确认起飞时间。
    24 may i look up the flight number on the flight schedule?
    我可以在航班时刻表上查一下航班号吗？
    常用单词
    flight [fla?t] n. 飞行，航班
    number ['n?mb?(r)] n. 数，数字
    学学这样说
    1. please check the flight information board for further information about your departure time. 请查看航班信息显示板，上面有您班机起飞时间的更多资讯。
    2. do you know the new departure time? 你知道新的起飞时间吗？
    3. the departure time is 10:00 a.m. 起飞时间是上午10点。
    4. please tell me the departure time and arrival time. 请告诉我起飞时间和到达时间。
    5. when does the flight 215 depart? 215次航班什么时候起飞呢？
    6. the flight to london tonight departs at 21:30. 去伦敦的航班在今晚9点30分起飞。
    7. when does flight 800 from new york arrive? 从纽约飞来的800次航班何时抵达？
    补充短语
    departure/arrival time 出发/到达时间
    flight to/from... 去往/来自……的航班
    25 flight has been delayed because of congestion at the airport.
    航班由于机场的拥堵而延误了。
    解析 ▲ delay作及物动词或是不及物动词，意为“耽搁，延迟”，如delay (for) two hours；
    because of为固定词组，意为“因为，用于”，相当于on account of。
    学学这样说
    1. i checked my flight schedule and learned that my flight was delayed 2 hours.
    我查了航班时刻表，发现航班延误了两个小时。
    2. my flight has been delayed. 我的班机延误了。
    3. what caused the flight to be delayed? 什么原因使得航班延误？
    4. the fog disrupted the flight schedule. 大雾打乱了航班时刻表。
    5. your flight will be delayed for another two hours, sir.
    先生，您的班机将会再延误两个小时。
    6. the train is delayed half an hour. 列车晚点半小时。
    7. there is a delay of twenty minutes before the flight arrives.
    这次航班将晚点20分钟。
    补充短语
    half an hour 半小时
    a delay of... 延误……
    26 how many pieces of luggage would you like to check in, sir?
    先生，请问您有几件行李要托运？
    语法tips
    how many为固定词组，意为“多少”，对名词的数量进行提问，后面接可数名词复数形式，而how much则是接不可数名词。luggage作不可数名词，意为“行李”，用于英式英语中，可以用a piece/...pieces of luggage来表示数量；美式英语中则是用baggage来表示“行李”。
    学学这样说
    1. do you have any carry-on luggage? 您有没有随身行李？
    2. how can i have my luggage checked? 我怎么办理行李托运？
    3. where can i check my baggage? 请问我到哪里托运行李？
    4. would you tell me where the luggage collection area is? 请问托运行李处在哪里？
    5. i want to check three pieces of luggage. 我想托运3件行李。
    应用对话
    attendant: how many pieces of luggage would you like to check in, sir?
    steven: three bags.
    乘务员：先生，请问您有几件行李要托运？
    史蒂文：3个袋子。
    27 put your luggage on the scale, please.
    请把您的行李放在秤上。
    常用单词
    scale [ske?l] n. 天平，秤
    please [pli:z] int. 请
    随机测验
    a: i would like to check two pieces of luggage.
    b: put your luggage on the scale, _____.
    a. though b. yet c. too d. please
    翻译
    a：我想托运两件行李。
    b：请把您的行李放在秤上。
    答案：d
    提示：please作为一种礼貌用语，通常用于祈使句中，表示客气地请求、吩咐、建议等，也可以用以加强请求或陈述语气的迫切性。please可以用于句末，通常用逗号隔开；或是用于句首，直接接祈使句。
    28 how much do i have to pay for it?
    我得付多少钱？
    解析 ▲ have (got) to do意为“不得不/必须做某事”，暗指出于义务、责任、条件等，也可以表示劝告、建议；pay (...) for...为固定词组，意为“为……付钱”。
    学学这样说
    1. would you like to send the big box as unaccompanied baggage?
    您愿意托运这个大箱子吗？
    2. would you like us to check your baggage through to your destination?
    您想让我们直接把您的行李托运到目的地吗？
    3. can i have my luggage checked in here? 我可以在这儿办理行李托运手续吗？
    4. would you fill out this baggage delivery form? 请您填写这张行李托运单好吗？
    5. passengers checked their baggage before boarding the plane.
    旅客上飞机前托运了行李。
    6. we want to check our luggage to beijing. 我们想把行李托运到北京。
    7. this is your voucher, and you can get your luggage back on this.
    这是你的行李回执单，你可以凭这个条取行李。
    补充短语
    check...in 托运，收运，存取
    fill out... 填写……
    board the plane 登机
    29 remember to tie your tags on your luggage.
    记得把行李标签系在行李上。
    常用单词
    remember [r?'memb?(r)] v. 记得，记起
    tag [t?g] n. 标签，名称
    语法tips
    tie...(on...) 为固定词组，意为“将……系在……上”；而tie...up则是表示“绑紧，系住；（工作等）缠住（某人）”。
    应用对话
    attendant: remember to tie your tags on your luggage.
    steven: thank you. i will.
    乘务员：记得把行李标签系在行李上。
    史蒂文：谢谢。我会的。
    30 luggage in excess of 20kg is taxed.
    行李超过20千克要付费。
    语法tips
    excess作不可数名词，意为“过火，过头，无节制”，in excess of...为固定词组，意为“超过……”；excess作可数名词，意为“过度，过分，过量，过多”，含有贬义，通常用作an excess of...。
    学学这样说
    1. what is the luggage allowance, please? 请问行李限重是多少？
    2. how much is the excess baggage charge? 超额行李要收多少钱？
    3. how much baggage am i allowed to take? 我可以带多少行李？
    4. your luggage is overweight. 你的行李超重了。
    补充短语
    luggage allowance 免费携带行李重量（尤指在飞机上）
    excess baggage 超重行李
    31 the baggage is two kilos overweight.
    那件行李超重两千克。
    解析 ▲ overweight作形容词，意为“超重的，过重的，（指人）体重超常的，肥胖的”，通常用作be overweight by...或是be...overweight；而overweighted作形容词，则是表示“超载的，载物太多的”，通常用作be overweighted with...。
    学学这样说
    1. hand baggage doesn't need to be weighed. 手提行李不用称重。
    2. you are getting 6 kilos of excess baggage. 您的行李超重6千克。
    3. is there a charge for the excess baggage? 超重的行李需要付费吗？
    4. the excess weight is 10kg. 超重10千克。
    5. the rate for excess luggage is 8 u.s. dollars per kilo. 行李超重费是每千克8美元
    补充短语
    hand baggage 手提行李
    per kilo 每千克
    32 the announcement will direct you to the correct baggage claim.
    广播将指示您去行李领取处。
    语法tips
    direct...to/towards/at...为固定词组，意为“使……转向，使……对准某一方向”；而baggage claim则是表示“（机场）行李认领，行李提取处”，通常用于美式英语中，英式英语则是用作baggage reclaim。
    学学这样说
    1. could you tell me where the baggage claim area is? 你能告诉我在哪儿取行李吗？
    2. excuse me, what number is the baggage claim for me?
    请问一下，我在几号行李传送带取行李？
    3. could i see your ticket and baggage claim tags, sir?
    先生，可以让我看看你的机票和行李托运单吗？
    4. give me your claim check, please. 请给我您领取行李的牌子。
    5. i've just been informed that my luggage had already arrived.
    我刚接到通知说我的行李已经运到了。
    应用对话
    steven: could you show me the way to the baggage claim?
    attendant: the announcement will direct you to the correct baggage claim.
    史蒂文：你能告诉我去行李领取处怎么走吗？
    乘务员：广播将指示您去行李领取处。
    33 it makes us feel as if we were in the fairy land.
    它使我们感到如临仙境。
    解析 ▲ feel as if...为固定表达，意为“觉得仿佛/好像……”，相当于it looks/seems/appears as though/if...；fairy land意为“仙境，仙界”，也可以用作fairyland。
    学学这样说
    1. the bay is noted for its enchanting scenery. 这个海湾以迷人的景色而著名。
    2. imagine sitting on the beach and enjoying the beauty of nature.
    想象一下坐在沙滩上，欣赏大自然的美好风光。
    3. known for its beautiful landscape, shangri-la is attracting more and more tourists. 素以美丽山水著称的香格里拉，正吸引着越来越多的游客。
    4. we shall never forget the beauty of that lake. 我们永远不会忘怀那个湖泊的美景。
    5. hawaii is called as an island paradise. 夏威夷被称为海岛乐园。
    6. autumn in new york is always sunny and beautiful.
    纽约的秋天总是阳光明媚，风景很美。
    7. it's said that mount fuji is the highest mountain in japan.
    据说，富士山是日本的第一高山。
    补充短语
    be noted for... 因……而出名
    imagine doing 想象做某事

 出行购票

    出行购票
    01 i'd like to reserve two one-way tickets to france for tomorrow.
    我想预订两张明天去法国的单程票。
    解析 ▲ reserve作及物动词，意为“预订/保留（座位/住处等），订购”，如reserve a table for two in the name of...表示“以……的名义预订两人餐位”，reserve tickets/rooms/ couchettes 表示“预订票/房间/卧铺”；one-way ticket意为“单程票”。
    学学这样说
    1. one-way or a round-trip ticket? 单程票还是双程票呢？
    2. would you like a window or an aisle seat, mr. smith?
    您想要靠窗还是靠过道的座位，史密斯先生？
    3. i want to know if there is a flight around 3 p.m. 我想知道下午三点左右有没有航班。
    4. which would you prefer, a smoking seat or a non-smoking seat?
    你喜欢哪种，吸烟座还是禁烟座呢？
    5. what about flight 516? 516次航班怎么样？
    6. i prefer a morning flight. 我想要早上的航班。
    7. will you be traveling first class or economy? 您要头等舱，还是要经济舱？
    补充短语
    smoking/non-smoking seat 吸烟座/禁烟座
    first class 头等舱
    a round-trip ticket 双程票
    02 i want to book a plane ticket from beijing to london.
    我想订一张从北京到伦敦的机票。
    语法tips
    book作可数名词，意为“书籍”；作及物动词，意为“预订（位子/膳宿），预购（票）”，如book...(up)意为“预订……”，book sb on...意为“为某人预订（飞机等的）座位/票”。
    学学这样说
    1. hello, may i help you? 您好，我能为您效劳吗？
    2. which day do you want to book? 你要订哪一天的票？
    3. i'll need an economy ticket with an open return.
    我想要一张回程时间不定的经济舱往返机票。
    4. by the way, i don't want a night flight. 顺便说一声，我不想要夜间的航班。
    5. which flight do you want? 你想要哪个航班？
    6. book it for me, please. 请帮我订这个。
    应用对话
    receptionist: can i help you, sir?
    steven: yes, i want to book a plane ticket from beijing to london.
    接待人员：我能为您效劳吗，先生？
    史蒂文：是的，我想订一张从北京到伦敦的机票。
    03 what's the fare to san francisco, economy class?
    去旧金山的经济舱机票是多少钱？
    常用单词
    economy [?'k?n?m?] n. 经济，节约
    随机测验
    a: hello, what can i do for you?
    b: hello. what's the fare _____ san francisco, economy class?
    a. to b. from c. out d. with
    翻译
    a：你好，我能为您做些什么？
    b：你好。去旧金山的经济舱机票是多少钱？
    答案：a
    提示：fare作可数名词，意为“（公共汽车/轮船/出租车等的）票价”，用what进行提问，可以与介词to连用，如the bus fare to london（到伦敦的公共汽车费），也可以用作travel at half/full/reduced fare（半价/全价/减价票旅行）。
    04 a round trip ticket saves you about 15% of the fare.
    往返票可以为您节省大约15%的车费。
    解析 ▲ save作及物动词，表示“省去……，使某人不必使用/花费”，用作save (sb) sth；也可以表示“救，拯救（以免遭受伤害/损失）”，用作save...from.../from doing...；还能表示“储存（钱）”，用作save...up for...；或是表示“避免浪费……，节省，节约”，用作save on...。
    学学这样说
    1. could you tell me what the economy fare is? 请问经济舱的价格是多少？
    2. a round-trip ticket costs 60 us dollars. 往返票价六十美元。
    3. how much does a single ticket cost? 一张单程票多少钱？
    4. do you offer special prices in summer? 你们在夏季提供特价机票吗？
    5. what's the full fare to london by train? 到伦敦的火车全价票价格是多少？
    补充短语
    economy fare 经济舱票价
    single ticket 单程票
    full fare 全价
    05 are there any discount tickets available?
    有折价票吗？
    常用单词
    discount ['d?ska?nt] n. 减价，折扣
    ticket ['t?k?t] n. 票
    语法tips
    discount意为“折扣，折价”，可以与别的名词一起构成复合名词，如discount ticket（折价票），再如discount shop/store/warehouse（折扣店）。
    应用对话
    julia: are there any discount tickets available?
    steven: i'm not sure of that.
    茱莉娅：有折价票吗？
    史蒂文：我不确定。
    06 i can put you on a waiting list if you would like.
    如果你愿意，我可以把你排在等候名单上。
    语法tips
    put sb on a waiting list为固定词组，意为“将某人列入候补/申请人名单”；if you would like相当于if you like，if you please，意为“如果你愿意”。
    学学这样说
    1. i'm afraid that all the flights for september 22nd are booked.
    很抱歉，9月22号的机位已满。
    2. i'm very sorry, but the flight is completely booked.
    实在抱歉，那趟航班全部订满了。
    3. all the day flights have been booked out. 所有白天的航班都订出去了。
    4. just a minute and i'll see if there are any other flights.
    请等一下，让我看看是否有其他航班。
    5. i'm afraid there will be no flight available at that time.
    恐怕那时候的航班都已订满了。
    补充短语
    just a minute 稍等片刻
    at that time 那时候
    07 you could receive your ticket till you arrive at the terminal.
    您可以在登机前取票。
    语法tips
    till可以作介词或是连词，意为“直到……时（为止）”，相当于until，二者区别在于：till多用于口语中，而until通常用于句首；terminal作可数名词，意为“航空站，终点站”。
    学学这样说
    1. please pay at the airport counter when you receive your ticket.
    请在机场服务台取票时付款。
    2. you should pay for the ticket one week before you depart.
    你应该在起飞前一星期付款。
    3. when can i pick up the tickets? 我什么时候可以取票？
    4. when can i pay for the ticket? 我什么时候可以付款？
    应用对话
    steven: when shall i come to get my ticket?
    receptionist: any time is ok. you could receive your ticket till you arrive at the terminal.
    史蒂文：我什么时候来取票？
    接待人员：什么时候都可以。您甚至可以在登机前取票。
    08 i exchanged my ticket on monday for a ticket on the same flight on the following wednesday.
    我用周一的飞机票换了一张同一航班下周三的机票。
    解析 ▲ exchange作及物动词，表示“交换，互换，调换，更换”，通常用作exchange...for...或是exchange...with sb；也可以用作the/an exchange of...。
    学学这样说
    1. you had better go to the check-in counter to change your flight.
    您最好去办登机手续的柜台改签您的航班。
    2. can you help us reschedule it? 你能不能帮我们改时间呢？
    3. could you change the reservation, please? 能请你修改一下预订吗？
    4. would you cancel this reservation, and make it for the same flight tomorrow, please? 请取消这项预订，改为明天同一班的飞机好吗？
    5. excuse me, can you tell me if my ticket can be changed?
    请问我的车票可以办理改签吗？
    6. i would like to change my reservation. 我要改一下预订。
    7. i'm sorry, your ticket can't be changed, only can be refunded.
    对不起，您的车票不能办理改签，只能退票。
    补充短语
    check-in counter 办理登机手续的柜台
    cancel the reservation 取消预订
    09 you only have to get your ticket endorsed at the transfer station.
    您只要在中转车站签一下票就行了。
    常用单词
    endorse [?n'd?:s] v. 签署，认可
    station ['ste??n] n. 车站
    随机测验
    a: what should i do?
    b: you only have to get your ticket _____ at the transfer station.
    a. endorses b. endorsing c. endorsed d. endorse
    翻译
    a：我要做些什么？
    b：您只要在中转车站签一下票就行了。
    答案：c
    提示：get...v-ed为固定词组，意为“使……被做”，相当于have/make...v-ed；at the transfer station意为“在中转站”。
    10 i'd like a refund on this ticket.
    我要退这张票。
    解析 ▲ refund作可数名词，意为“退款，偿还金额”，如a tax/pension refund（税金/养老金退款），claim/demand/obtain/pay a refund（要求/要求/获得/支付退款）；作及物动词，通常用于被动语态，即为...be refunded to sb。
    学学这样说
    1. is this ticket refundable? 这张票可以退吗？
    2. can i refund this ticket? 这张票可以退吗？
    3. could i get a refund for this ticket? 这张票可以退吗？
    4. this ticket will not be exchanged or refunded at the purchase price.
    这张票不可退换，也不能按购买价退票。
    5. how many hours in advance should i return the ticket? 我应该提前几个小时退票？
    6. where can i refund the ticket? 哪里可以退票？
    7. i would like to refund the train ticket. 我想退掉这张火车票。
    8. if you want to get the ticket refunded, you should pay service charge.
    如果你要退票的话，必须付手续费。
    补充短语
    get a refund for... 拿到……的退款
    purchase price 购买价
    refund/return the ticket 退票
    11 different airlines have different regulations concerning refunding.
    在退票问题上，不同的航空公司有不同的规定。
    常用单词
    airline ['e?la?n] n. 航空公司
    regulation [ 'regju'le??n] n. 规则，规定
    语法tips
    concerning作介词，意为“关于”，通常用于正式文体，相当于about，as to/for，in/ with regard to，as regards等。
    应用对话
    steven: different airlines have different regulations concerning refunding.
    julia: could you explain it in detail?
    史蒂文：在退票问题上，不同的航空公司有不同的规定。
    茱莉娅：你能详细说明一下吗？
    12 you will receive a refund if the train is cancelled.
    如果车次被取消，你可以得到退款。
    语法tips
    在句中，receive a refund意为“得到退款”。
    学学这样说
    1. but you have to pay the fee for refund. 不过你得付退票费。
    2. tickets may be turned in at the ticket office. 可以在购票处退票。
    3. do i have to pay for the refund? 我要交退票手续费吗？
    4. do i have to go through complicated formalities if i refund my ticket?
    我如果要求退票，手续复杂吗？
    5. do you happen to know any regulations concerning ticket refunding?
    你知道关于退票方面的规定吗？
    6. at the departure station, if the refund is made before the train leaves, the fare will be returned with only service charge deducted.
    在始发站，如果在列车开车前要求退票，则退还票价，只扣除手续费。
    7. this is your change and the refund receipt. 这是找给您的钱和退票收据。
    补充短语
    pay the fee for... 付……费
    happen to do 碰巧做

 注意事项

    注意事项
    01 after the long journey, the jet lag made her uneasy.
    经过长途旅行，时差令她很不舒服。
    解析 ▲ jet lag为固定词组，意为“时差反应”；而jet-lagged 则是表示“有时差反应的”。
    学学这样说
    1. i always have trouble with jet lag. 我总是很难适应时差。
    2. i felt so tired owing to jet lag. 因为时差反应，我觉得很疲惫。
    3. have you got over the jet lag? 你克服了时差反应吗？
    4. i'm still suffering from jet lag after my trip to america.
    在美国之旅后我仍然因为时差感到不舒服。
    5. what's the time difference between the two places, miss?
    小姐，这两个地方的时差是多少？
    补充短语
    have trouble with... 有……麻烦/困难
    get over jet leg 调整时差
    time difference 时差
    02 have you adjusted to the time difference?
    你适应时差了吗？
    语法tips
    adjust作及物动词，意为“使适合（新环境等）”，通常用于固定词组adjust(oneself) to...中，相当于adapt (oneself) to...；adjust也可以表示“整理，校准，调节”。
    学学这样说
    1. she felt disorientated with the jet lag. 她因为时差而昏昏沉沉的。
    2. i just need more sleep to get over my jet lag. 我只需要多睡一会儿来调整时差。
    3. i staved off jet lag with a bath and an early night.
    我洗了个澡又提前睡下，以避免时差。
    4. this is the result of jet lag and travel fatigue. 这是时差反应和旅行疲惫的结果。
    应用对话
    steven: have you adjusted to the time difference?
    julia: yes.
    史蒂文：你适应时差了吗？
    茱莉娅：是的。
    03 he got carsick and heaved up.
    由于晕车，他吐了。
    常用单词
    carsick ['kɑ:s?k] adj. 晕车的
    heave [hi:v] v. 恶心，呕吐
    随机测验
    a: what was wrong with him?
    b: he got carsick and _____ up.
    a. heave b. heaves c. heaving d. heaved
    翻译
    a：他怎么了？
    b：由于晕车，他吐了。
    答案：d
    提示：heave作不及物动词，表示“恶心，呕吐”，通常用作heave up；作及物动词，意为“（用力）举起，提升，拖动，拉动（重物）”。句中，并列连词and连接与got对等的结构，所以用过去式heaved。
    04 i am feeling a bit airsick.
    我觉得有点晕机。
    解析 ▲ feel airsick为固定词组，意为“晕机”，也可以用作be/get airsick。airsick的名词形式为airsickness。a bit相当于slightly，a little等。
    学学这样说
    1. he got seasick during the voyage. 在航行中他晕船了。
    2. do you get airsick? 你晕机吗？
    3. she gets sick when she takes a bus. 她乘公共汽车时会晕车。
    4. the physician made a prescription against seasickness for him.
    医生给他开了个治疗晕船的药方。
    5. could you give me some medicine for airsickness? 能给我点晕机药吗？
    6. may i have another airsickness bag? 请再给我一个晕机呕吐袋好吗？
    补充短语
    get seasick 晕船
    make a prescription 开药方
    05 we should take along some pills just in case you get airsick.
    我们应该带些药片预防你晕机。
    常用单词
    just [d??st] adv. 只是，仅仅
    case [ke?s] n. 情况
    语法tips
    take along...为固定词组，意为“随身携带……”；(just) in case...意为“免得/以免……”，相当于lest...。
    应用对话
    julia: what else should we take?
    steven: we should take along some pills just in case you get airsick.
    茱莉娅：我们还要带些什么？
    史蒂文：我们应该带些药片预防你晕机。
    06 can i take the window seat in case of carsickness?
    为了防止晕车，我可以坐在靠窗户的座位上吗？
    语法tips
    window seat意为“靠窗的座位”；in case of...为固定词组，意为“假如……，如果……发生”，相当于if...happens/occurs；carsickness为carsick的名词形式，意为“晕车”。
    学学这样说
    1. we have a special method to relieve carsickness. 我们有特别的办法对付晕车。
    2. if you sit at the back of the bus, you may feel sick.
    如果坐在汽车后部，您可能会晕车。
    3. do you need to go to hospital? 你需要去医院吗？
    4. would you drive more slowly, please? 你能开慢点吗？
    5. you'd better bring some medicine for airsickness. 你最好带一些晕机药。
    补充短语
    feel sick 不舒服，不适
    at the back of... 在……后面
    07 some of the group's luggage is lost in transit.
    旅行团的一些行李在运输过程中丢失了。
    解析 ▲ transit作不可数名词，表示“搬运，运载，运输”，in transit为固定词组，意为“在运输中”。
    学学这样说
    1. please take care of your valuables. 请照看好您的贵重物品。
    2. please look after your own bags carefully. 请仔细照看好你自己的行李。
    3. that man will see to your luggage. 那个人将照看你的行李。
    4. is there any chance i can find my luggage? 还有可能找到我丢失的行李吗？
    5. could you help me to find my lost luggage, sir?
    先生，请您帮忙找回我丢失的行李好吗？
    6. i could describe the features of my lost luggage. 我能描述出丢失行李的特征。
    补充短语
    see to... 照看……，处理……
    the feature of... ……的特征

 登机入境

    登机入境
    01 let me see your customs declaration form.
    请让我看下你的海关申报单。
    语法tips
    let me see...为固定表达，意为“让我看看……”，相当于let me (have a) look at...；customs declaration form意为“海关申报单”。
    学学这样说
    1. your customs declaration form, please. 请出示一下你的海关申报单。
    2. please have your customs declaration form ready. 请准备好你的海关申报表。
    3. do you have anything to declare? 您有什么东西要申报吗？
    4. should we have our passports out? 我们要把护照拿出来吗？
    应用对话
    officer: let me see your customs declaration form.
    steven: ok. here it is.
    海关：请让我看下你的海关申报单。
    史蒂文：好的。给你。
    02 may i see your passport and disembarkation card, please?
    我可以看一下你的护照和入境申报表吗？
    常用单词
    disembarkation ['d?s 'embɑ:'ke??n] n. 登陆，上岸
    随机测验
    a: may i see your passport and disembarkation card, please?
    b: sure. _____ you are.
    a. there b. here c. that d. this
    翻译
    a：我可以看一下你的护照和入境申报表吗？
    b：当然。给你。
    答案：b
    提示：here you are.为固定表达，也可以视为副词置于句首引起的倒装结构，意为“给你”，相当于here it is.
    03 would you mind telling me the purpose of your visit to the us?
    请告诉我你到美国来的目的好吗？
    解析 ▲ would you mind (sb/one's) doing...为固定表达，意为“你介意……吗”，用于表示委婉的建议、请求、询问、邀请、劝告等，相当于would you please do...；the purpose of意为“……的目的”。
    学学这样说
    1. please bring your luggage here for inspection. 请把行李拿到这儿来检查。
    2. i need to check your bag first. 我需要先检查一下你的包。
    3. your relevant certificates, such as health certificate or id card.
    出示你的相关证明，如健康证或身份证。
    4. what's the purpose of your visit to america? 你到美国来有什么目的？
    5. what do you have in the bag, sir? 先生，请问您的包里有些什么？
    6. would you mind opening the bag for me? 请您把包打开让我看看行吗？
    7. how long are you going to stay here? 您将在此逗留多长时间？
    8. this one is a gift and the other one is for my own use.
    这个是送人的礼物，另一个是我自己用的。
    补充短语
    health certificate 健康证明
    for one's own use 某人自己用
    04 don't you have any gifts or valuable articles?
    您没有带什么礼物或贵重物品吗？
    常用单词
    gift [g?ft] n. 礼物
    valuable ['v?lju?bl] adj. 贵重的，有价值的
    语法tips
    don't you...?为固定结构，视为否定形式的一般疑问句，通常用于表示较为强烈的语气，意为“你没有……吗？”连词or表示“或者，还是”，用来表达一种选择关系。
    应用对话
    customs officer: don't you have any gifts or valuable articles?
    steven: yes. i have one carton of cigarettes and a bottle of whiskey.
    海关：您没有带什么礼物或贵重物品吗？
    史蒂文：不是，我带了一条香烟和一瓶威士忌。
    05 this one is worth about four hundred us dollars and the other about five hundred us dollars.
    这个大约值400美元，另一个大约值500美元。
    语法tips
    be worth...为固定词组，意为“价值……”；而be worth doing意为“值得做”，相当于be worthy of being done，be worthy to be done，be worthy of...。
    学学这样说
    1. would you please open the suitcase? what are these? 请把箱子打开，这些是什么？
    2. what's their value? 它们价值多少钱？
    3. could you tell me the ingredients of these pills? 你能告诉我这些药丸的成分吗？
    4. i'm here on business. 我是来出差的。
    5. can i go through customs now? 现在我可以过海关了吗？
    6. the customs officer didn't bother himself to check my luggage.
    那个海关官员没有检查我的行李。
    7. i had much trouble with the customs last time. 上次我通过海关时遇到了很多麻烦。
    8. dora passed through the metal detector; now it's nancy's turn.
    朵拉通过了安检，现在轮到南希了。
    补充短语
    it's one's turn (to do) 轮到某人（做某事）
    06 would you please tell me the way to the boarding gate to australia?
    请问去澳大利亚在哪里登机？
    解析 ▲ would you please...为固定表达，意为“请你……好吗”，后接动词原形；the way to...意为“去……的路”。
    学学这样说
    1. what is the gate number? 登机门是几号？
    2. where is the boarding gate for this flight? 这班飞机的登机门在哪儿？
    3. please tell me the check-in procedure. 请告诉我登机的手续。
    4. when do i check in? 什么时候办理登机？
    5. how do i check in? 我怎么登机呢？
    6. which gate do i board at? 我在哪个门登机？
    7. you will have to show the boarding pass on your way to board the plane.
    登机时，您得出示登机牌。
    8. you should go to gate 8 to board you plane. 您应该到8号口登机。
    9. please wait in the departure lounge until boarding is announced.
    请在候机厅里等登机广播。
    补充短语
    boarding gate 登机门
    boarding pass 登机牌
    departure lounge 候机室
    07 you are leaving from gate 5 on the eastern concourse.
    您在东候机厅5号门登机。
    语法tips
    短暂性动词leave，start，begin，fly等，可以用现在进行时来表示将来；concourse作可数名词，意为“宽敞的大厅，广场”，用于正式文体，也可以表示“（人或事物的）聚集，汇集，群众”。
    学学这样说
    1. does this flight start boarding? 这个航班已开始登机了吗？
    2. how will i know when it is time to board? 我怎么知道什么时候可以登机？
    3. now can you wait until your flight is called? 您现在等着登机通知好吗？
    4. just show your old ticket at the check-in counter.
    在办理登机手续的柜台出示你的旧机票便可以了。
    5. how do i find gate 9 from here? 从这里要怎样找到9号登机门？
    6. the check-in time is 17:00, in terminal 2. 请于17点在2号航站楼办理登机。
    7. how much hand baggage can i take with me? 登机时随身可以带多少手提行李？
    8. when is the boarding time? 何时登机？
    应用对话
    steven: could you tell me the gate number?
    airport worker: you are leaving from gate 5 on the eastern concourse.
    史蒂文：你能告诉我是几号登机门吗？
    机场工作人员：您将在东候机厅5号门登机。
    08 passengers have to go through double screening before getting on their planes.
    旅客们登机前必须接受两次安检扫描。
    常用单词
    passenger ['p?s?nd??(r)] n. 旅客，乘客
    double ['d?bl] adj. 双重的
    随机测验
    a: passengers have to go _____ double screening before getting on their planes. right?
    b: you said it.
    a. to b. through c. into d. out
    翻译
    a：旅客们登机前必须接受两次安检扫描。对吗？
    b：你说得对。
    答案：b
    提示：go through...为固定词组，意为“经历/忍受/遭受……”，还可以表示“仔细或系统地研究/检查/审核……，参加/履行……，（书）发行，用光/消耗……，从头到尾做完……”。
    09 the announcement will inform us when to check in.
    到办登机手续的时候广播会通知我们的。
    解析 ▲ inform作及物动词，意为“通知，报告，告诉”，通常用于固定词组inform sb of...或是inform sb that/wh-...。
    学学这样说
    1. is this the right counter to check in for this flight?
    这里是这班飞机办理登机手续的地方吗？
    2. please go to gate no.5 for immediate boarding.
    请立即前往5号登机门登机。
    3. check-in time is one hour before take-off. 起飞前一小时开始办理登机手续。
    4. please check in not later than l0 a.m. 办理登机手续请不要迟于上午10点。
    5. i want to check in for flight 102 for london.
    我要办理前往伦敦的102班机的登机手续。
    6. please go through check-in formality. 请办理登机手续。
    7. we are waiting in line at the security gate. 我们在机场的安全门前排队等候。
    补充短语
    not later than... 不晚于……
    security gate 安全门
    10 please hurry up and pass the metal detector. now it's boarding.
    请赶快过安检，现在已经在登机了。
    常用单词
    hurry ['h?r?] v. 催促，仓促
    语法tips
    hurry up为固定词组，意为“使加快，快些做”，通常用于口语中，相当于be in a hurry to do或是do...in a hurry；the metal detector意为“金属探测门”。
    应用对话
    airport worker: please hurry up and pass the metal detector. now it's boarding.
    steven: i see. thank you very much.
    机场工作人员：请您赶快过安检，现在已经在登机了。
    史蒂文：我知道了，非常感谢。
    11 any remaining passengers must go immediately to gate 4 where the flight is now closing.
    请尚未登机的乘客立即到4号登机门登机，该航班马上就要关闭机门。
    语法tips
    remaining作形容词，意为“留下来的”，作名词定语，通常位于所修饰的名词之前，可以与any或all连用；immediately作副词，意为“立即”，相当于promptly，at once，without delay。
    学学这样说
    1. we will begin boarding soon. 我们马上开始登机。
    2. welcome aboard. 欢迎登机！
    3. may i see your boarding pass? 请出示登机牌。
    4. your boarding pass, sir. 您的登机牌，先生。
    5. this is my boarding pass. 这是我的登机牌。
    6. please exit from the front gate, and go over the boarding bridge one by one. 请从前门下，按顺序走登机桥。
    7. here is my boarding card. 这是我的登机牌。
    8. we are now boarding all rows on flight 247 to paris.
    现在所有乘坐飞往巴黎的第247次航班的乘客请登机。
    补充短语
    front gate 前门
    one by one 一个接一个
    note

 跑步散步

    跑步散步
    01 she didn't have to learn how to run; she's a natural.
    她不用学跑步技巧，她天生就擅长跑步。
    解析 ▲ natural作可数名词，表示“（对某角色/职业/活动等）适合的人”，通常用作a natural(for)；也可以用作形容词，作名词定语，表示“（指人）（某种技能/能力等）生来就有的
    学学这样说
    1. a beginner should try to run at a pace that suits him.
    初学者应当用适合自己的速度来跑步。
    2. my sister does some running after getting up. 我妹妹起床后会跑步。
    3. all the students had to take part in the running. 所有的学生都得参加跑步。
    4. i began jogging last winter. 我去年冬天开始慢跑。
    5. how long have you been running? 你已经开始跑步多久了？
    6. this jog warmed me. 跑步使我暖和一些了。
    补充短语
    at a (good/fast/slow/walking) pace 以（很快的/快的/慢的/步行的）速度
    02 he has broken the record in the 100-meter dash.
    他打破了100米短跑的纪录。
    语法tips
    break the record为固定词组，意为“打破记录”；the 100-meter dash意为“百米短跑”，相当于the 100-meter sprint；长跑则是用long-distance running/run/race表示。
    学学这样说
    1. i ran as fast as my legs could carry me. 我尽量快些跑。
    2. all the pupils ran about on the playground. 所有的小学生都在操场上跑步。
    3. she panted heavily after running. 她在跑步之后重重地喘着气。
    4. calisthenics is recommended for relaxing the muscle before a run.
    建议在跑步之前做一下体操来放松一下肌肉。
    5. when i was running, i twisted my ankle. 我跑步的时候扭到了脚踝。
    6. for a long distance runner, stamina is the most important.
    对长跑运动员来说，耐力是最重要的。
    7. in p.e. class we had the long-distance running. 体育课上，我们要进行长跑。
    应用对话
    lily: he has broken the record in the 100-meter dash.
    steven: really? let's go to congratulate him.
    莉莉：他打破了100米短跑的纪录。
    史蒂文：真的吗？我们去祝贺他吧。
    03 a bad leg ruled him out of the long distance running.
    他的腿伤使他不能参加长跑。
    常用单词
    distance ['d?st?ns] n. 距离
    running ['r?n??] n. 赛跑，运转
    随机测验
    a: a bad leg ruled him _____ the long distance running.
    b: it's a pity.
    a. out of b. off c. in d. without
    翻译
    a：他的腿伤使他不能参加长跑。
    b：真可惜。
    答案：a
    提示：rule...out (of.../as...) 为固定词组，意为“排除……”；rule...off (from...)意为“在下面/周围等处画线将某部分隔开”。
    04 he runs like a streak of lightning.
    他跑得非常快。
    解析 ▲ like a streak of lightning为固定词组，意为“很快”，通常用于口语中，相当于like(greased) lightning，as quick as lightning，with lightning speed。
    学学这样说
    1. the three miles' run left us all out of breath. 3公里长跑让所有人都上气不接下气。
    2. jogging gives me such a high old time! 慢跑让我觉得很过瘾！
    3. i find jogging very addictive. 我觉得慢跑很使人着迷。
    4. he is a fanatic jogger. 他是一个极喜欢慢跑的人。
    5. she likes running every morning. 她喜欢每天早晨跑步。
    补充短语
    (be) out of/short of breath 呼吸急促，喘不过气来，上气不接下气
    have/give sb a high old time 玩得很痛快
    05 before running, he stretches his arms and legs to loosen up.
    他在跑步之前做了一些伸展运动来活动筋骨。
    常用单词
    stretch [stret?] v. 伸展，张开
    loosen ['lu:sn] v. 放松，松开
    语法tips
    stretch可以作及物动词或是不及物动词，意为“伸长/舒展（四肢或身体某部分）”；loosen (...) up为固定词组，意为“（使……）放松”。
    应用对话
    steven: before running, he stretches his arms and legs to loosen up.
    sarah: it's indeed wise of him to do so.
    史蒂文：他在跑步之前做了一些伸展运动来活动筋骨。
    莎拉：他这样做确实是明智的。
    06 i jog two kilometers every day, rain or shine.
    无论晴雨，我每天都跑两公里。
    语法tips
    jog作不及物动词，意为“慢跑，不平稳移动，颠簸”；作及物动词，意为“轻推，轻碰”。其过去式和过去分词形式均为jogged。(come) rain or shine为固定词组，意为“不论晴雨，不管发生什么事情”，相当于come rain, come shine。
    学学这样说
    1. i exercise by jogging every morning. 我每天早上都慢跑。
    2. i jog every day unless bad weather stops me.
    除非坏天气作梗，否则我每天都慢跑。
    3. he has been doing long-distance running for a long time.
    他练长跑已经有不少日子了。
    4. i go jogging at half past six every day. 我每天早上6点半去跑步。
    5. he keeps running every day to keep fit. 为了保持健康，他每天坚持跑步。
    6. she jogs every morning to lose weight. 为了减肥，她每天早晨慢跑。
    7. jogging is a kind of good exercise to get slim. 慢跑是一项变苗条的好运动。
    8. her daily run keeps her slim. 她每天坚持跑步，这使她一直保持苗条的身材。
    补充短语
    go jogging 去慢跑
    keep fit 保持身材，保持健康
    get slim 变苗条
    07 i do not feel like having a walk now.
    我现在不想散步。
    解析 ▲ feel like doing为固定词组，意为“想要做某事”；have/go for/take a walk意为“去散步”，相当于go walking，go for/have a stroll，go for a wander等。
    学学这样说
    1. what about a walk? 去散步怎么样？
    2. what about going for a walk? 去散步怎么样？
    3. let's go for a walk. 我们去散步吧。
    4. do you feel like having a walk with me? 你愿意和我一起去散步吗？
    5. i want to go for a walk. 我想去散步。
    6. he proposed that we should go for a walk. 他提议我们去散步。
    7. how about a hike along the lake? 我们到湖边去散步怎么样？
    8. i am afraid i can not go for a walk with you. 恐怕我不能和你去散步。
    补充短语
    propose that... 建议……
    08 we went for a stroll through the village.
    我们散步穿过村庄。
    语法tips
    stroll作可数名词，通常用作单数形式，意为“散步，漫步，闲逛”，可以用作go for/have a stroll；作不及物动词，用作stroll (around) in...。
    学学这样说
    1. they are strolling inside the park. 他们正在公园里散步。
    2. she went out to stretch her legs after lunch. 她午饭后出去散步了。
    3. i really like to go for walking in the rain. 我真的喜欢雨中散步。
    4. tourists walk on the beach. 旅行者在海滩上散步。
    5. she took the dog for a walk. 她带着狗去散步。
    6. let's have a walk round the deck. 我们去甲板上散步吧。
    7. i always walk in the night. 我总是在夜深人静时散步。
    8. we were all ravenously hungry after walk. 我们散步之后都饿极了。
    应用对话
    dora: where did you go at sunset?
    steven: we went for a stroll through the village.
    朵拉：黄昏时，你们去了哪里？
    史蒂文：我们散步穿过村庄。
    09 i would like to ramble (around/about) in the seaside town.
    我想在这个海滨小镇漫步。
    常用单词
    ramble ['r?mbl] v. 漫步，漫游，闲逛
    seaside ['si:sa?d] adj. 海边的
    随机测验
    a: what do you want to do tomorrow?
    b: i would like to ramble _____ in the seaside town.
    a. along b. around c. up d. aside
    翻译
    a：你明天想做什么？
    b：我想在这个海滨小镇漫步。
    答案：b
    提示：ramble (around/about) in...为固定词组，意为“在……漫步”；ramble也可以作可数名词，如go for/on a ramble（去漫步）。
    10 fine weather tempted me to go out for a walk.
    好天气诱使我出去散步。
    解析 ▲ tempt sb to do为固定词组，意为“吸引/诱使某人做某事”，相当于tempt sb into.../ into doing（劝说/鼓动某人做某事）。
    学学这样说
    1. we went for a walk at sunset. 我们在日落时分出去散步。
    2. he astonished us by taking a stroll at midnight. 他在午夜散步这件事使我们惊异。
    3. she enjoys lounging around the pool. 她喜欢绕着水池漫步。
    4. he likes to wander through the countryside. 他喜欢在乡间漫步。
    5. he is now taking a walk outdoors. 他正在户外散步。
    6. he roamed through the old section of the city. 他漫步在老城区。
    7. i like to walk along the seashore. 我喜欢沿着海滨散步。
    补充短语
    at midnight 在午夜
    lounge about/around 闲逛，漫步
    11 they were walking along the beach shoulder to shoulder.
    他们肩并肩沿着海滩散步。
    常用单词
    shoulder ['???ld?(r)] n. 肩膀，肩部
    语法tips
    walk along...为固定词组，意为“沿着……走/散步”；shoulder to shoulder意为“肩并肩，并肩地”，相当于side by side。
    应用对话
    dora: what were they doing then?
    steven: they were walking along the beach shoulder to shoulder.
    朵拉：那时候，他们在做什么？
    史蒂文：他们肩并肩沿着海滩散步。
    12 walk has sharpened my appetite.
    散步增进了我的食欲。
    语法tips
    sharpen one's appetite为固定词组，意为“增进某人的食欲”；appetite可作可数名词，常用结构如have a good/poor appetite（食欲好/不好），lose/spoil one's appetite（食欲不振/影响食欲），loss of appetite（食欲不振），with a good appetite（津津有味地）。
    学学这样说
    1. they were walking on the beach in bare feet. 他们正光着脚在沙滩上漫步。
    2. it is good for you to stroll every day. 每天散步对你有益。
    3. there is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit. 保健之道莫过于散步了。
    4. walking is also a form of exercise. 散步也是一种运动。
    5. a brisk walk in cool weather is invigorating.
    在凉爽的天气里散步令人心旷神怡。
    6. walking is good for health. 散步有益于健康。
    补充短语
    in/with bare feet 光着脚
    it's useful to do 做某事是有用的

 打球健身

    打球健身
    01 he got a bang out of basketball.
    他从篮球运动中得到了乐趣。
    解析 ▲ get a bang out of...为固定词组，意为“……玩得过瘾”；go off with a bang则是表示“（指演出等）取得成功”，通常用于口语中，美语中则用作go over with a bang。
    学学这样说
    1. she is experienced in basketball. 她很会打篮球。
    2. billy really knows his stuff when it comes to basketball. 谈到篮球时比利很精通。
    3. have you been following the basketball tournament? 你一直都在看篮球联赛吗？
    4. he is a famous basketball player. 他是一个著名的篮球运动员。
    5. basketball is a popular sport. 篮球是一项受欢迎的运动。
    6. children are talking about their favorite basketball players.
    孩子们在讨论他们最喜欢的篮球运动员。
    补充短语
    be experienced in... 在……方面有经验
    know one's stuff 了解，精通
    02 i play basketball quite a lot.
    我经常打篮球。
    语法tips
    quite a lot为固定词组，意为“很多”，可以用于动词之后，表示程度，相当于very much；也可以用作quite a lot of...，后接可数名词复数或是不可数名词，相当于many/ much...。
    学学这样说
    1. i used to go playing basketball with some of my friends every day.
    以前我和一些朋友天天都去打篮球。
    2. do you like playing basketball? 你喜欢打篮球吗？
    3. the basketball championship was exciting. 那次篮球冠军赛真精彩。
    4. how many years have you been playing basketball? 你打篮球多少年了？
    5. there is a basketball game between class one and class two.
    一班和二班有一场篮球赛。
    6. while we are playing basketball, they are playing football.
    我们在打篮球时，他们在踢足球。
    应用对话
    sarah: what do you usually do in your free time?
    steven: i play basketball quite a lot.
    莎拉：空闲的时候，你通常做什么？
    史蒂文：我经常打篮球。
    03 the football team has its heyday this season.
    这支足球队在这一季处于顶峰阶段。
    常用单词
    football ['f?tb?:l] n. 足球，橄榄球
    heyday ['he?de?] n. 全盛期
    随机测验
    a: the football team has _____ heyday this season.
    b: i cannot agree with you more.
    a. its b. his c. their d. her
    翻译
    a：这支足球队这一季处于顶峰阶段。
    b：我同意你的说法。
    答案：a
    提示：have/in one's heyday为固定词组，意为“处于鼎盛时期”；heyday通常用作单数形式，意为“最成功/最繁荣/最强盛的时期”。
    04 i saw him playing football on the playground.
    我看见他在操场上踢足球。
    解析 ▲ see sb doing sth为固定词组，意为“看见某人正在做某事”；而see sb do sth意为“看见某人做了某事”。同样的用法还有hear sb doing/do sth（听见某人正在做/做过某事）。
    学学这样说
    1. one day i want to be a football player. 我想以后成为一名足球运动员。
    2. do you support a football team? 你喜欢哪一支足球队？
    3. they can play soccer very well. 他们英式足球踢得很好。
    4. i really enjoy watching football league on tv. 我很喜欢在电视上看足球联赛。
    5. can i play football with you? 我可以和你一起踢足球吗？
    6. i'm a goalie. 我是个守门员。
    7. what position do you play? 你踢什么位置？
    8. did you watch football match yesterday? 你昨天有没有看足球比赛？
    9. he's good at playing football. 他足球踢得很好。
    补充短语
    football team 足球队
    play soccer/football 踢足球
    football match/league 足球赛/足球联赛
    05 tom is passionate about baseball.
    汤姆十分爱好棒球。
    常用单词
    passionate ['p???n?t] adj. 热情的，热烈的
    baseball ['be?sb?:l] n. 棒球
    语法tips
    be passionate about...为固定词组，意为“对……热情/热切”，相当于take a passionate interest in...或是be passionately interested in...。
    应用对话
    mary: tom is passionate about baseball.
    steven: no wonder that he is good at it.
    玛丽：汤姆十分爱好棒球。
    史蒂文：难怪他擅长打棒球。
    06 we play badminton in the nearest gym every afternoon.
    每天下午我们都去最近的体育馆打羽毛球。
    语法tips
    play badminton为固定词组，意为“打羽毛球”。the nearest...意为“最近的……”；near通常不可以直接修饰名词，表示地点或空间的接近，要用the/a nearby...。
    学学这样说
    1. he has strung his tennis racket. 他已将网球拍的弦上好了。
    2. do you have a spare shuttlecock? 你有备用的羽毛球吗？
    3. tennis is an important part of my life. 网球是我生活中的一个重要组成部分。
    4. is volleyball included in the olympics? 排球是奥运会项目吗？
    补充短语
    tennis racket 网球拍
    07 i gave him a good licking at billiards.
    打桌球时，我把他打得大败。
    解析 ▲ licking通常用作单数形式，用于非正式语境中，give sb a licking为固定词组，意为“痛打某人，打败某人”，get a licking则是表示“被痛打，被打败”。
    学学这样说
    1. your table tennis is excellent and i bow to your superior skill.
    你乒乓球打得真好，我甘拜下风。
    2. what are the differences between softball and baseball? 垒球与棒球有什么区别？
    3. i like to play volleyball. 我喜欢打排球。
    4. i can play badminton with you. 我可以陪你打羽毛球。
    5. i'm not very good at badminton. 我羽毛球打得不太好。
    6. how many people can play a game of badminton? 羽毛球比赛由几人进行？
    7. i would try my hand at bowling. 我要尝试一下打保龄球。
    8. not bowling again. 别再去打保龄球了。
    补充短语
    the difference between...and... ……和……的区别
    try one's hand (at...) 初试身手
    08 i'm completely buggered after this tennis game.
    这场网球比赛可把我累垮了。
    语法tips
    buggered作形容词，用于非正式语境中，通常用作表语，意为“非常疲倦的，筋疲力尽的”，可以用副词completely，totally，utterly，entirely，absolutely等修饰，相当于tired，exhausted。
    学学这样说
    1. i'd like to try baseball. 我想尝试打棒球。
    2. why not go to see a baseball game? 为什么不去看棒球比赛呢？
    3. beach volleyball does not allow substitutes. 沙滩排球不允许替补。
    4. steven is famous for his billiards technique. 史蒂文因他的桌球技术而出名。
    5. tom, what time do you want to go bowling? 汤姆，你想什么时候去打保龄球？
    6. he is an amateur tennis player. 他是一个业余的网球运动员。
    7. there are only seven innings in a softball game. 垒球比赛只打7局。
    8. you can develop your arm muscle by playing tennis.
    你可以靠打网球练你的手臂肌肉。
    应用对话
    steven: i'm completely buggered after this tennis game.
    mary: now you can have a good rest.
    史蒂文：这场网球比赛可把我累垮了。
    玛丽：现在你可以好好休息了。
    09 i am an ace volleyball player.
    我可是排球高手。
    常用单词
    ace [e?s] adj. 一流的，突出的
    volleyball ['v?l?b?:l] n. 排球
    随机测验
    a: i am an _____ volleyball player.
    b: incredible. i never know that.
    a. expert b. layman c. ace d. specialist
    翻译
    a：我可是排球高手。
    b：难以置信。我从来都不知道。
    答案：c
    提示：ace作可数名词，用于口语中，表示某些活动中的“能手”，也可修饰名词，如an ace pilot/footballer/marksman（王牌飞行员/足球健将/神射手）。

 骑车运动

    骑车运动
    01 she always goes to work by bike except on rainy days.
    除了雨天之外，她总是骑自行车上班。
    解析 ▲ go to work by bike/bicycle/cycle意为“骑自行车去上班”，也可以用作bike/cycle/ bicycle to work。“骑自行车”也可以说成go biking/cycling。
    学学这样说
    1. how about going there by bike? 骑自行车去那里怎么样？
    2. do you like cycling to work? 你喜欢骑自行车上班吗？
    3. i ride a bicycle frequently. 我常骑自行车。
    4. he proposes to go by bike. 他打算骑自行车去。
    5. steven pedaled his bicycle down the street. 汤姆沿着街道骑自行车。
    补充短语
    ride/pedal a bicycle 骑自行车propose to do 打算/计划做某事
    02 i saw him pedal to school every morning.
    我看到他每天早晨骑自行车上学。
    语法tips
    pedal可作及物动词或是不及物动词，意为“踩踏板，骑车”，其过去式和过去分词形式均为pedalled（英式英语）或是pedaled（美式英语）；也可以作可数名词，意为“踏板”；还可以用作形容词，指“踏板的，脚踩的”，如a pedal boat（用脚踏驱动的船）。
    学学这样说
    1. he goes to work by cycle. 他骑自行车上班。
    2. i go cycling every day. 我每天骑自行车。
    3. cycling is both a sport and a hobby. 骑自行车既是一项运动也是一项爱好。
    4. which do you prefer, walking or cycling? 你喜欢走路还是骑自行车？
    应用对话
    steven: where does he live?
    mary: i don't know. but i saw him pedal to school every morning.
    史蒂文：他住在哪里？
    玛丽：我不知道。不过我看到他每天早晨骑自行车上学。
    03 i don't care to ride on a bike very much.
    我不太喜欢骑自行车。
    常用单词
    care [ke?(r)] v. 喜欢，在意
    bike [ba?k] n. 自行车
    随机测验
    a: why do you usually come to school on foot?
    b: i don't care to _____ on a bike very much.
    a. ride b. riding c. rided d. rides
    翻译
    a：你为什么总是步行来学校？
    b：我不太喜欢骑自行车。
    答案：a
    提示：care to do=care for，为固定词组，意为“愿意/同意（做某事），希望/喜欢（做某事）”，通常用于否定句或疑问句中，多与情态动词would连用。
    04 we did a lot of cycling on the outskirts of our city last month.
    上个月我们常在市郊骑自行车。
    解析 ▲ do a lot of cycling意为“常骑自行车”；cycle作不及物动词，意为“骑自行车”，通常用作cycle to work/to school/home（骑自行车去上班∕去学校∕回家），go cycling（骑自行车）。
    学学这样说
    1. my husband loves to ride a bike and make a one-day excursion to the country.
    我丈夫喜欢骑自行车去乡村游玩一日。
    2. riding bikes to travel is really a wonderful experience.
    骑自行车旅行的确是很棒的活动。
    3. we cycled through the park. 我们骑自行车穿过公园。
    4. she pedaled her bicycle slowly up the hill. 她骑自行车慢慢上山。
    5. i love to ride my bike for exercise in warm weather.
    我喜欢在暖和的天气骑自行车锻炼身体。
    6. do you like traveling by bike? 你喜欢骑自行车旅行吗？
    7. riding bicycle is a healthy form of exercise. 骑自行车是一种健康的锻炼方式。
    补充短语
    make/go on an excursion (to...) （去……）远足travel by bike 骑自行车旅行
    05 you get a feeling of joy from cycling.
    骑自行车使你感觉快乐。
    常用单词
    feeling ['fi:l??] n. 感觉，感情
    cycling ['sa?kl??] n. 骑自行车
    语法tips
    a feeling of...为固定词组，意为“……的感觉，……的态度/看法”，后接相应名词，如a feeling of hunger/well-being/discomfort/gratitude/joy（饥饿/愉快/不适/感激/快乐的感觉）；也可以表示“（并非完全基于理性的）模糊观念/想法，预感”。类似用法还有a feeling that...。
    应用对话
    mary: why do you like riding a bike?
    steven: you get a feeling of joy from cycling.
    玛丽：你为什么喜欢骑自行车？
    史蒂文：骑自行车使你感觉快乐。
    06 cycling not only can save money but also is great exercise.
    骑自行车既能省钱又能锻炼身体。
    语法tips
    not only...but also...为固定词组，意为“不仅……而且……”，连接平行结构，用以强调递进关系。
    学学这样说
    1. as soon as i returned home, the first thing i did was to start cycling.
    我一回家，首先做的就是骑自行车。
    2. i will ride my bike for at least five times a week!
    我要骑自行车并且坚持每星期至少5次。
    3. walking, running, and cycling are all healthy forms of sports.
    走路、跑步和骑自行车都是有益于健康的运动方式。
    4. cycling has given me an appetite. 骑自行车使我有了食欲。
    5. i ride a bike every day to lose weight. 我每天骑自行车是为了减肥。
    6. i lost 8 pounds by biking for two months. 我骑自行车两个月就瘦了8磅。
    7. bicycling doesn't pollute the air. 骑自行车不污染环境。
    8. cycling is good for your health. 骑自行车对健康有利。
    补充短语
    a drop in... 在……方面下降
    at least 至少
    note
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